中国未来载人登月月震实验必要性和方案设计   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵娜  朱培民  袁悦锋  金丹 《地质科技情报》2012,(4):137-142

Apollo被动月震台站仅覆盖了月球正面有限的面积,不能对全月球的内部结构进行精细分析,因此在我国未来的载人登月中继续开展月震探测是非常必要的。基于我国现有的空间探测技术条件,并针对未来载人登月的探测任务,设计了两种月震观测网络方案:一是基本方案,可以基本满足对月球内部结构进行探测的要求;二是优化方案,可满足较高分辨率的月球内部结构探测。两种方案中的月震仪网络在月球正面、背面和南北极均有覆盖,可对全月球的内部结构进行探测。最后对月震观测的基本技术参数、设备及布置地点提出了相应的要求。  相似文献   

Orbitally forced sedimentary rhythms in the stratigraphic record: is there room for tidal forcing?     

POPPE L. DE BOER  JOÃO TRABUCHO ALEXANDRE 《Sedimentology》2012,59(2):379-392

The imprint of orbital cycles, which result from the varying eccentricity of the Earth’s orbit and changes in the orientation of its axis, have been recognised throughout the Phanerozoic rock record. Variations in insolation and their effect on climate are generally considered to be the sole transfer mechanism between the orbital variables and cyclic sedimentary successions. Common oceanographic principles, however, show that the ocean tide also responds to variations in the orbital parameters. The ocean tide has not yet been considered to be a valid, additional transfer mechanism for the orbital variations. In geological studies of Milankovitch cycles in sedimentary successions the insolation paradigm offers satisfying explanations, and the role of long‐term variations of the ocean tide has not yet been appreciated. Variations in the ocean tide, related to changing eccentricity (at present 0·0165, theoretical maximum 0·0728), affect a variety of oceanographic and sedimentary processes. In addition to the widely accepted paradigm of orbitally forced insolation changes, the tidal transfer of orbital signals may explain certain less well‐understood aspects of orbitally induced cycles in the stratigraphic record related to ocean mixing, organic productivity, and tidal processes in shallow seas and deep water. Variations of the ocean tide in relation to the 18·6 year lunar nodal cycle, which has no insolation counterpart by which they may be obscured, indeed show that these relatively small variations can produce significant effects in sedimentary environments that are sensitive to variations in the strength of the ocean tide. In analogy with the 18·6 year lunar nodal cycle, orbital variations of the tide on Milankovitch time scales are likely to have affected sedimentary systems in the past.  相似文献   

基于嫦娥二号卫星微波辐射计亮温数据反演月壤介电常数   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

连懿  陈圣波  孟治国  张锋  张莹 《地球科学》2014,39(11):1644-1650

月壤介电常数是当前月球微波遥感探测的基础, 是月壤厚度、成分等信息提取不可或缺的参数.为了实现全月介电常数反演, 通过对嫦娥二号卫星微波辐射计亮温数据进行时角校正, 得到同一时角的全月微波亮温图.全月微波亮温表现出随月球地形、月壤成分及纬度变化的特征.基于校正后的微波辐射亮温, 结合辐射传输模型, 通过解算相关参数, 反演得到3GHz频率下全月介电常数分布.其中, 月海地区的介电常数实部高于月陆地区, 且月球极地区域介电常数实部偏低; 而介电常数虚部则在月海区域和艾肯盆地较高.通过模拟月表介电常数实验对反演结果进行温度校正, 得到22℃下全月介电常数.将反演结果和月壤真实样品的介电常数测量值进行比较评价.结果表明介电常数实部相对误差都低于11%;虚部相对误差偏大, 但其差值最大仅为0.02.因此, 基于嫦娥二号卫星微波辐射计亮温数据反演月表介电常数的方法是可行的.   相似文献   

基于模拟月壤的表层采样试验研究          下载免费PDF全文

段隆臣  李谦  张大伟  高辉  刘宾 《探矿工程》2014,41(1):3-8

目前月球采样可分为深层采样和表层采样,作为深层采样的有力补充,国内外针对表层采样研发了多种不同类型的采样机具,但对机具和月壤相互作用鲜有研究。针对月球表层采样设计了2套采样机具,能够实现挖取、铲取、夹取和振动贯入4种动作。通过相应的传感器,采样机具能在运动过程中实时检测机具承受的力矩（力）。利用6种不同性质的模拟月壤,用2套采样机具分别就不同的运动参数进行了相关试验。通过对试验现象的观察可知模拟月壤与常规沙土性质不同,会出现特定的表现;通过对试验数据的分析可知,除挖取动作外其余3种动作机具运动与受力的关系为近似线性关系,而挖取动作机具承受扭矩分为4个阶段,与机具运动位置有关。  相似文献   

Report on INSMAP'90: The second international symposium on Marine Positioning     

George A. Maul  Christopher N. K. Mooers 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(3-4):169-175

Abstract

INSMAP'90, the second in a series of quadrennial international symposia on marine positioning, was held October 15–19, 1990. INSMAP is organized by the Marine Geodesy Committee of the Marine Technology Society (MTS) with the co‐sponsorship of over 25 organizations of the United States and other countries, including the University of Miami's Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, which hosted the meeting. INSMAP'90 focused attention on special problems associated with positioning in the marine environment, providing a timely forum and opportunity for in‐depth discussions and exchange of ideas, identified immediate and future requirements and applications, and enhanced interdisciplinary and interagency collaboration. Over 100 scientists and students attended; countries represented included Australia, Canada, China, Egypt, France, Germany, Great Britain, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Monaco, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, the United States, and Venezuela. During the week, more than 60 papers were presented, there were five symposium‐wide lectures, five workshops (each with several lectures), and a tour of the U.S. Naval Observatory Alternate Time Service and VLBI/GPS facility, where all the exhibitors set up their demonstrations. Most of the papers and addresses are available in a single hard‐bound volume from the MTS.  相似文献   

月球形成和演化的关键科学问题   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

林杨挺 《地球化学》2010,39(1):1-10

我国正开展月球探测和科学研究,其成果将加深认识月球的组成、结构以及形成和演化,同时揭示地球的早期历史。通过对月球研究成果的总结,就月球形成和演化关键科学问题的现状作了较为详细的说明,从而为我国月球探测和科学研究提供有益的启示。主要的关键科学问题包括：地球一月球体系的大撞击成因、月球岩浆洋与月壳形成、39亿年大撞击事件、玄武岩浆喷发与月球内部结构和月球南极艾特肯（Aitken）撞击盆地的形成等。  相似文献   

月球电离层探测与研究     

丁锋  万卫星 《地球化学》2010,39(1):11-14

从20世纪60年代到本世纪初,人类发射了一系列绕月飞船,对月球大气和月球电离层进行研究。科学家发现,月球电离层主要出现在向日面。在表面几百米高度范围内,由太阳辐射导致的光致电离使得月球向日面出现密度不超过10^10／m2的电离层等离子体。进一步研究表明,由于月球没有内禀磁场,月球电离层与太阳风中的行星际电场耦合在一起,时刻处在“飘动”中。电离层密度的变化与月相、当地的月表剩磁、太阳风条件、当地的月壤特性等相联系。  相似文献   

试论月球科学与类地行星研究的学科属性     

周新华  林杨挺 《地球化学》2010,39(2):101-109

我国月球探测一期工程获国家批准立项和“嫦娥一号”卫星成功发射及运行这一历史性事件标志着我国已继人造地球卫星、载人航天阶段之后,开始进入人类航天活动的第三领域——深空探测。无疑此时探讨人类这一伟大社会实践活动的自然科学意义,特别是深空探测对象的科学内涵具有重要的现实意义。随着相关技术的开发、创新和成熟,工作重点将逐渐转移到深空探测对象本身的科学研究上来,即认识地球之外的行星体以及更深刻地重新审视地球。本文讨论了现阶段深空探测对象——月球及类地行星的基本物质属性,回顾美国和前苏联两国探月计划实施历史的启示,Apollo计划的演变．科学内容的纳入及宇航员地学素养的要求,Apollo登月计划的实施对月球科学本身的促进,以及对20世纪地球科学发展、人才队伍建设和分析技术进步等的重大影响,总结了前苏联探月计划的成败及其教训,并对我国月球探测工程立项历史等方面进行了分析。在此基础上,论述了月球科学及类地行星研究的地球科学属性,并强调指出地球科学家应将月球及整个类地行星研究纳入到地球系统科学的框架之中。  相似文献