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51.
通过工业资料的统计,获得有关供水效益计算的参数。以效益分析和国民经济评价原理为基础,运用效益分摊系数法对全市工业供水效益分析,用投资净效益率法对现状和2000年全市水资源系统进行了国民经济评价。结果表明,包头市水资源系统的经济效益明显。 相似文献
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闫璟 《成都信息工程学院学报》2015,30(2)
在对当前无线网络供求特征分析的基础上,通过研究路由器Openwrt系统的网络架构,对该设计平台下实现无线网络分享的可行性进行探讨.基于Openwrt平台,将无线网络分享及流量平衡的理念引入方案设计中,利用C++语言实现并建立了无线网络流量银行Wlanbank(Wireless LocalArea Networks bank),并对该流量银行的功能和实用性进行了分析.该平台能够方便地实现家庭网络的相互分享,包括客户端与服务器的定时通信、流量结算以及路由器的远程管理等功能.该无线网络分享平台参考金融秩序中的货币流通方式,在流量银行Wlanbank系统中实现在用户互相之间的转账流量交易来获得无线网络的使用,遵循“分享才能使用”、“分享的越多才能使用的越多”的理念,在流量流通过程中制造一种类似金融秩序的平衡,在不损害用户利益的基础上,扩大无线网络覆盖率. 相似文献
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Over 40 studies that analyse future GHG emissions allowances or reduction targets for different regions based on a wide range of effort-sharing approaches and long-term concentration stabilization levels are compared. This updates previous work undertaken for the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Regional reduction targets differ significantly for each effort-sharing approach. For example, in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 1990 region, new proposals that emphasize the equity principles of responsibility, capability, and need, and those based on equal cumulative per capita emissions (carbon budgets), lead to relatively stringent emissions reduction targets. In order to reach a low concentration stabilization level of 450?ppm CO2e, the allowances under all effort sharing approaches in OECD1990 for 2030 would be approximately half of the emissions of 2010 with a large range, roughly two-thirds in the Economies in Transition (EIT), roughly at the 2010 emissions level or slightly below in Asia, slightly above the 2010 level in the Middle East and Africa and well below the 2010 level in Latin America. For 2050, allowances in OECD1990 and EIT would be a fraction of today's emissions, approximately half of 2010 emission levels in Asia, and possibly less than half of the 2010 level in Latin America.Policy relevanceThe concept of equity and the stringency of future national GHG reduction targets are at the heart of the current debate on the new international climate change agreement to be adopted in 2015. Policy insights gained from an analysis of over 40 studies, which have quantitatively analysed the proposed GHG reduction targets, are presented. It is found that the outcome of effort-sharing approaches is often largely determined by the way the equity principle is implemented and that the distributional impacts of such approaches can be significantly different depending on the criteria used, the stabilization level and shape of the global emissions pathway. However, the current literature only covers a small proportion of the possible allocation approaches. There should thus be an in-depth modelling comparison to ensure consistency and comparability of results and inform decision making regarding the reduction of GHG emissions. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2014
This paper analyzes International Maritime Organization (IMO) involvement in maritime cooperation regime in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore through multilateralism. It begins by introducing the maritime cooperation regime prior to 2001, which was mainly trilateral in nature through Tripartite Technical Expert Group on the Safety of Navigation (TTEG). Although TTEG managed to increase the level of safety of navigation in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore through the implementation of the Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS) in 1981 and Mandatory Ship Reporting System (STRAITREP) in 1998, such cooperation was beset by financial strain and conflict of interests. Subsequently, there was a change in the cooperation regime after 9/11 incident. This paper identifies that the change was contributed by the IMO through a methodology called multilateralism. Three important principles were adopted by IMO in implementing multilateralism in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore, namely generalized principles of conduct (respect for sovereignty and compliance with burden sharing principle under Article 43 of UNCLOS 1982), diffuse reciprocity, and indivisibility. This paper concludes that multilateralism by IMO has transformed trilateral cooperation into multilateral cooperation in the Straits of Malacca, combining state actors (littoral states and user states) and non-state actors (non-governmental organizations and international shipping industries). 相似文献
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随着社会经济与信息技术的不断发展,地市级智慧城市建设提上日程,如何建立一套规范统一而又具有通用性的地理信息共享服务平台是其关键.平台建设必须考虑三方面内容,即建设内容、运维机制与具体应用.在智慧唐山建设过程中,以面向服务为目标,顾及地市级地理信息共享服务平台的通用性,针对总体需求、总体架构、关键技术等方面进行设计,明确地理信息共享服务平台建设的内容、运维机制建设以及示范应用等内容,探讨适用于地市级智慧城市地理信息共享服务平台构建的解决方案. 相似文献
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科学数据是国家重要战略资源,数据共享是这种资源有效开发利用的手段之一,也是当今科学研究范式向数据密集型转变的重要基础。现代信息技术与勘查方法的深度融合,使得地质勘查和地学研究领域被急速推向大数据时代,亟需从宏观层面上进行科学管理。欧美一些国家通过颁布政策方针及铺设数据基础设施等方式,推动着本国地质大数据管理的有效实施。文章对美、英、澳、加四国地质调查局的数据管理工作方面做了调查,从数据管理范围、数据政策、战略计划、重要数据库及主要数据工具等方面现状进行了介绍与分析,并对中国地质调查行业数据管理工作提出了一些建议:(1)数据管理政策应采用自顶向下设计,自底向上实施;(2)数据开放共享、融合交流是世界地调机构的发展趋势;(3)大力推进地质云建设,三位一体实现大数据治理;(4)促进数据共享基础设施建设,通过参与国际治理争取拿到更多的话语权。 相似文献