对虾养殖水处理管理理念与策略的思考     

于道德  宋静静  刘凯凯  叶海斌  王晓璐  王友红  刘洪军 《海洋科学》2021,45(11):156-164

针对对虾养殖过程水处理的研究现状和瓶颈问题,文章综述了国际和国内重要的水处理管理理念与策略,主要包括：养殖用水“减法”管理理念、投入品“减法”管理理念、基于微生物的水处理策略和基于不同营养级的生物水处理策略等。较全面地探讨了养殖节水、生态调水、精准投喂、补偿生长、生物饵料、生物过滤器、水动力等对于水处理的重要性。并建议建立基于对虾福利生物学的水处理评价体系,联合生物行为变化、生态生理指标、水体理化指标进行综合评价。该综述期望为对虾产业和水产养殖的可持续发展提供新思路和可行路径。  相似文献   

A Successful Microbound Diet for the Larval Culture of Chinese Shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis     

WANG Xinxia MAI Kangsen 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2005,4(3):267-271

A 13-day feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of a microbound diet for rearing the larvae of Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis in comparison with the live foods that consist of Isochrysis galbana, Chlorella vulgaris, Tetraselrnis chuii, rotifer （Brachionus plicatilis） and Arternia sp. Larvae of 0 to 13d post-hatch （dph） were reared in a temperature-controlled semi-open culture system and stocked at a density of 100 larvae L^-1 in tanks, each containing 50 L sterilized seawater with salinity 30-32. Larvae were manually fed either the live foods or the microbound diet 6 times per day. At 13 dph, the growth of the larvae fed on the microbound diet was approximately 84% of that fed on the live foods. The survival rate of the larvae fed on the microbound diet was 44.29% at 13dph, which was not significantly different from that of larvae fed on live foods （63.55%）. The body length and development index （DI） of the larvae fed on the microbound diet were always lower than those of larvae fed on live foods. However, the differences reached significant levels only at 11 and 13 dph （P〈 0.05）. The mean dry weight loss of the microbound diet was 9.2% after 90 min immersion in seawater, indicating that this diet has a good water stability. The microbound diet contains 52.23% crude protein and 10.27% lipid and is easy to prepare. These characteristics of the diet suggest good potentials for its successful use in the larviculture of other penaeid and fish species.  相似文献   

线纹尖塘鳢仔幼鱼的生长发育与池塘育苗研究     

张邦杰  莫介化  李本旺  李春枝  黄林波  张瑞瑜  陆昌胜  黄永强  梁仁杰 《广东海洋大学学报》2007,27(1):27-33

线纹尖塘鳢的胚后发育大致分为仔鱼、稚鱼、幼鱼和成鱼期。初孵仔鱼仅2.875mm。前期仔鱼混合营养期短,仅2～3d。后期仔鱼为器官发育、奇鳍条基本形成期,历时10d,平均全长从4.31mm增至8.97mm。稚鱼为器官分化完毕,奇偶鳍条分节、鳞被形成期,历时27～29d,长至平均全长27.79mm。早期幼鱼鳞被等发育完善,进入生长时期。仔鱼开口饵料为150～200μm轮虫,其摄饵大小与口宽呈正相关。15mm后稚鱼可驯饵摄食人工混合料。对仔、稚、幼鱼的生长测定结果显示,全长与日龄呈线性关系L=0.5289t-0.7354(r2=0.9720),体重与日龄呈指数函数关系,W=0.8236e0.1267t(r2=0.9611),全长与体重呈幂函数关系,曲线回归方程W=0.0045L3.2527,b=3.2527,属匀速生长型。采用池塘培水,添加外源饵料生物系列,稚鱼全长15mm时开始驯饵。2002-2005年共培育全长2.2～3.4cm早期幼鱼523.7万尾,仔鱼培育成15mm稚鱼的成活率为26.8%,培育成早期幼鱼的成活率为75.7%。  相似文献   

对虾细胞培养及对虾病毒体外培养研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡超群  罗鹏 《热带海洋学报》2006,25(1):76-82

随着对虾病毒病研究的不断深入迫切需要建立连续性的对虾细胞系来揭示对虾病毒致病机理等关键问题。文章介绍了用于细胞培养的对虾种类、组织。用于细胞培养的对虾种类包括中国明对虾Fenneropenaeuschinensis、斑节对虾Penaeusmonodon、日本囊对虾Marsupenaeusjaponicus、凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeusvannamei等。用于培养的对虾组织包括甲壳下表皮、心脏、肝胰腺、鳃、肠上皮、淋巴、血淋巴、卵巢、神经、肌肉、造血组织等。同时重点介绍了离散细胞的方法和培养的方式,温度、pH、渗透压的选择,目前对虾细胞培养所用的培养基及促生长添加物,以及如何控制污染。探讨了目前在对虾细胞培养及建系中存在的问题和可能的解决途径,为对虾与其它甲壳类动物细胞培养及细胞系的建立提供参考。此外还介绍了对虾病毒体外培养的研究现状并探讨了可能的解决方案。  相似文献   

Hydrobiological variables as a regulatory factor on the abundance of heterotrophic flagellates in an urban pond     

BEGUM Moni  JEWEL Md.Abu Sayed  HAQUE Md.Ayenuddin  KHATUN Mst.Samsad 《海洋湖沼学报（英文）》2019,(3):1030-1036

The seasonal abundance of flagellates has been monitored over a period of 1 year from December 2013 to November 2014(divided into 4 conjugative seasons namely winter,spring,summer,and autumn)in an experimental pond located in Rajshahi City Corporation area,Bangladesh.To our knowledge,this study is the fi rst to shed light on the occurrence and possible interrelationships among heterotrophic flagellates(HF),bacteria and zooplankton in Bangladesh and the result obtained by this study will be beneficial for similar water ecosystem all over the world.Standard methods were used to determine the prescribed hydrological parameters and zooplankton cell density.Maximum HF abundance(14 346.00 cells/mL)was found in the spring and the minimum(5 215.00 cells/mL)occurred in the summer.Inverse to HF,significantly(P<0.05)higher zooplankton abundance was found during the winter(782.00±47.62 cells/mL)and the lowest value was found in the autumn(448.00±39.15 cells/mL).Whereas similar to the HF,total bacterial abundance was significantly higher during the spring((2.25±1.05)×10^5 cells/mL)and lower in the summer((0.79±0.06)×10^5 cells/mL).Multivariate analyses(ANOSIM and MDS)have shown significant seasonal differences for cell numbers where MDS ordination plot and cluster analysis based on similarity in the genera abundance of HF revealed overlapping condition between winter and spring.Canonical correspondence analysis(CCA)also showed a distinct separation among the genera based on the prevailing hydrological situation and indicated that temperature,pH,BOD5,and NO3^-were the most important environmental variables in determining the observed variation in HF community structure.Among the biological factors,zooplankton showed negative but total bacteria were positively correlated with HF abundance.  相似文献   

Spatial Variation of Soil Inorganic Carbon Reserves of Typical Estuarine Wetlands in Jiaozhou Bay,China     

SUI Xiaomin  PANG Mingyue  LI Yue  WANG Xiaotong  KONG Fanlong  XI Min 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(1):86-93

The storage of inorganic carbon in estuarine wetlands is of great significance for mitigating global warming. The Dagu River estuary and Yanghe River estuary of Jiaozhou Bay were selected as sampling areas, and data analysis was carried out by Duncan method to explore the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) reserves. The results showed that increasing distance from the estuary led to higher reserves in the mudflat along the coastal zone. The scouring action of seawater bodies was the main factor driving this distribution. In the vertical section, the SIC reserves in 40-60 cm depth were relatively high, accounting for 34.11% of the 0-60 cm soil depth, and resulting from the transport of water and salt in seawater. In the river flat along the vertical coastal zone, the SIC reserves first decreased and then increased with increasing distance from the sea, and the SIC reserves in 0-20 cm depth were relatively high in the vertical section, accounting for 38.18% of the 0-60 cm soil depth. These reserves were affected by synergetic factors such as oceanic factors and anthropogenic activities. The invasion of Spartina alterniflora decreased the SIC reserves of wetlands, mainly due to its root transformation and the differences of growth characteristics and years being the main reasons for the observed decreases. Aquaculture activities changed the physical and chemical properties of the soil in aquaculture ponds, and consequently changed the distribution of SIC reserves.  相似文献   

新时代下陕西测绘地理信息服务自然资源管理的思考与实践     

杨宏山  闫正龙  张雪萍 《测绘通报》2020,(3):96

针对机构改革及自然资源部职责分工,客观分析了新时代下我国自然资源的管理现状及存在问题。陕西测绘地理信息局基于技术沉淀优势并围绕职责定位,从测绘基准体系服务、标准框架分析建设、时空大数据资源整合、体系架构设计验证及平台服务政府决策等多项实际出发,展开了新时代新机构新职责下陕西测绘地理信息服务自然资源管理的思考分析和初步实践;同时,基于混合存储环境及云平台体系架构,选用范围近2 800 000 km²的数据开展影像处理、DEM/DOM/DSM产品制作、超2100个全国基准站网GNSS数据解算等试验测试,发现架构体系合理,项目生产及存储效率均有大幅提升,这为外派机构及行业单位实施类似项目提供了示范参考,也为陕西测绘地理信息局充分发挥“技术+数据”优势、更好地服务自然资源管理大局奠定了良好基础。  相似文献   

低产老化虾池的生态养殖的探讨     

胡贤德  苏强华  冯伍 《广东海洋大学学报》1999,(2)

针对目前大批低产老化虾池的改造和可持续生产的问题,设计了一个自然生态养虾新模式。利用长期不能清淤的低产老化虾池和已造成生态失衡的虾池,实行疏放苗,精管理,综合利用、立体开发,混养、轮养。试验结果表明,养殖周期为 ８０～９０ ｄ,对虾成活率６０．５％ ～７６％ ,体长达１０．１～１３．２ ｃｍ ,平均体重 １７．２～１９．２ ｇ／尾,饵料系数 ０．７７～０．８０,平均产量 ６４５～７８０ ｋｇ／ｈｍ ２,鲻鱼产量 ４２０～４６５ ｋｇ／ｈｍ ２ 。整个养殖过程虾池的各种水质理化因子基本符合要求,从而使对虾养殖在一种相对稳定的生态环境中进行  相似文献   

Carbon cycle in shrimp polyculture mesocosm     

刘国才  李德尚  董双林 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2000,18(1):67-73

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｃａｒｂｏｎｃｙｃｌｅｉｎｓｈｒｉｍｐｐｏｌｙｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｈａｓｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓ,ａｎｄｓｏｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｎｔｈｅｃａｒｂｏｎｃｙｃｌｅｔｈｅｒｅｃａｎｈｅｌｐｕｓｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｔｈｅｒｅｇｕｌａｒｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｅｓｙｓｔｅｍ’ｓｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｃｙｃｌｅａｎｄｅｎｅｒｇｙｆｌｏｗ ,ｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅｏｆｗｈｉｃｈｃａｎｂｅｕｓｅｄｔｏｗｏｒｋｏｕｔｆｅａｓｉｂｌｅｓｙｓｔｅｍｓａｎｄ…  相似文献   

The feeding habits of Austrolethops wardi, a gobiid fish inhabiting burrows of the thalassinidean shrimp Neaxius acanthus     

Ha Trieu Hung Liu  Dominik Kneer  Harald Asmus  Harald Ahnelt 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,79(4):620-767

The feeding habit of Austrolethops wardi (Gobiidae) in the seagrass beds of Barrang Lompo and Bone Batang Island in the Spermonde Archipelago, South West Sulawesi, Indonesia, was investigated through gut content analysis. The feeding preferences of this species are very similar on both islands: A. wardi, a burrow associate of Neaxius acanthus, was found to feed almost exclusively on seagrass (which was found in 100% of the investigated stomachs and made up >94% of food items). However, seagrass epiphytes (<5% of food items) and animal food (<1% of food items) occurred in the guts as well, the latter predominantly in terms of copepods and to a lesser degree in other small invertebrates. These results indicate that animal food is of little importance for A. wardi. Some specimens even contained no parts of animal food.  相似文献