具有免疫活性多糖海洋细菌菌株的筛选   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

黄耀坚  黄益丽  刘三震  郑忠辉  宋思扬  苏文金 《台湾海峡》2004,23(1):38-42

从厦门海区潮间带的动植物体及底泥分离到的177株海洋细菌中筛选出一株高产胞外多糖的1202菌株.其产生的胞外多糖可显著地促进昆明种小鼠脾淋巴细胞IL 2(白介素 2)的合成,并对小鼠S180肉瘤具有较强的抑制作用.经初步分类鉴定,确定该菌株归属于土壤杆菌属(Agrobacteriumsp.).  相似文献   

土壤腐殖质提取和分组综述   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

马连刚  肖保华 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2011,30(4):465-471

土壤腐殖质的定量提取、分离与纯化是深入研究土壤腐殖质的重要前提。本文详细综述了国内外腐殖质提取和分组的实验手段和研究进展;以国际腐殖质协会提供的标准方法为参考,对比论述了提取剂种类,提取次数、提取剂用量等的选择;对比讨论了两种主要的土壤腐殖质的分组方法。超滤分离和体积排阻色谱是腐殖质物理化学表征研究中的两种新兴技术,笔者认为组合使用两种实验手段对土壤腐殖质进行细致的分离与分组研究有助于深化理解土壤腐殖质的化学性质和分子结构。  相似文献   

Marine Yeasts and Their Applications in Mariculture   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

CHI Zhenming LIU Zhiqiang GAO Lingmei GONG Fang MA Chunling WANG Xianghong LI Haifeng 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2006,5(3):251-256

1Introduction Becauseyeastscanproducemanybioactivesubstan ces,suchasprotein,aminoacids,vitamin,polysac charide,fattyacid,phospholipid,polyamine,astax anthin,βcarotenoid,trehalose,glutathione,superox idedismutase,chitinase,amylase,phytase,protease,killert…  相似文献   

Assessment of magnetite as a magnetic tracer for sediments in the study of ephemeral gully erosion: Conditioning factors of magnetic susceptibility     

Elena Zubieta  Juan C. Larrasoaña  Alaitz Aldaz  Javier Casalí  Rafael Giménez 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(6):1103-1110

In gully erosion, the detached soil can be transported over long distances along the landscape. The eroded material can be redistributed and/or deposited on the soil surface along the landscape and then eventually be buried by newly eroded and deposited sediment. There can be significant variability of the soil conditions (e.g., texture and moisture content) over which the eroded material travels. The eroded material can be detected through the use of magnetic tracers attached to or mixed with the eroded soil. In this study we evaluated the degree to which the magnetic signal of the magnetite is conditioned by (i) burial depth of tracer, (ii) condition of soil covering the tracer and (iii) tracer concentration. In the laboratory containers were filled with a specific soil. In the filling process, a 0.5-cm layer of a soil–magnetite mixture was interspersed in the soil profile at a certain depth. Experiments encompassed three different soil–tracer concentrations (1000:1, 200:1, 100:1), four burial depths of tracer (0 cm, 3 cm, 5 cm and 10 cm from soil surface), and two different soils. In each case, the magnetic susceptibility was measured with a susceptometer. Experiments were repeated with different soil moisture contents. If the tracer is located under the soil surface, a minimum soil–tracer concentration of 200:1 is required for its correct detection. The intensity of the magnetic signal decreases dramatically with the vertical distance of the tracer from the soil surface. The maximum detection depth for the tracer's magnetic signal is strongly dependent on the natural magnetic susceptibility of the soil, which masks the tracer's signal. Variation in soil moisture content does not significantly affect the magnetic signal. For extensive field studies, the soil–tracer volume to be handled would be very high and therefore, it is necessary to explore new tracer application techniques.  相似文献   

Spectroscopic Characterization of Humic-Like Substances in Airborne Particulate Matter   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

N. Havers  P. Burba  J. Lambert  D. Klockow 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1998,29(1):45-54

In a standard reference air dust (NIST 1648 – urban particulate matter) as well as in airborne particulate matter collected in German urban and rural areas (Dortmund, Sauerland) 10% and more of the organic carbon can be attributed to macromolecular substances like humic and fulvic acids (HA, FA). Indirect evidence for the presence of humin was also obtained. HA and FA extracted from NIST 1648 and other urban and rural atmospheric particles using 0.1 m NaOH and isolated by ion-exchangers were characterized by their molecular-size distribution applying multistage ultrafiltration, their carbon content and their UV/VIS, Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) spectra. Summarizing, the structural studies exhibit that these humic-like substances (HULIS) contained in air dust samples are small in their molecular size and rich in aliphatic and carbohydrate substructures compared to HA and FA from soils and aquatic systems.  相似文献   

Modulation of longevity in Daphnia magna by food quality and simultaneous exposure to dissolved humic substances     

Rihab Bouchnak  Christian E.W. Steinberg 《Limnologica》2010,40(2):86-91

Various abiotic and biotic factors determine the natural fluctuations of Daphnia spec. populations; food quality and dissolved humic substances (HSs) being among these factors. In this contribution, we try to disentangle the relative impact of food quality and simultaneous HSs exposure on the fertility and longevity of D. magna. It is understood that HS-mediated stress leads to reduced fecundity in well-fed D. magna females; hence, it was expected that poor food, as a second stressor, would aggravate the HS-mediated effects. Three diets were tested: the green algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, baker’s yeast alone, and baker’s yeast plus dissolved ascorbic acid, and exposed D. magna to a HS preparation which has been shown effective in previous bioassays. It was hypothesized that the lifespan and fertility of D. magna would be best when fed green algae, and worst when fed only baker’s yeast. However, contrary to these expectations, any addition of HSs reduced the stress caused by poor food quality and increased lifespan and fecundity. In the yeast series, asexually produced diapausing eggs occurred via a so far unknown pathway. With yeast diet, the expanded lifespans were slightly above, whereas the increased offspring numbers lay below, the corresponding data of the algae-fed individuals. The potential of HSs as an additional food source and as a means to extend the lifespan is discussed. These findings open the innovative perspective that under low quality food conditions, additional stressors at certain intensities may even be beneficial to individuals and populations.  相似文献   

Aerobic Granular Sludge for Dye Biodegradation in a Sequencing Batch Reactor With Anaerobic/Aerobic Cycles          下载免费PDF全文

Shabnam Sadri Moghaddam  Mohammad Reza Alavi Moghaddam 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2016,44(4):438-443

  相似文献   

Effect of atmospheric humic-like substances on the enhanced dissolution of volatile organic compounds into dew water     

H. Okochi  E. Sato  Y. Matsubayashi  M. Igawa 《Atmospheric Research》2008,87(3-4):213-223

Simultaneous sampling of chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHs) and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs), potentially harmful to humans and/or responsible for the formation of ozone and secondary particles, in dew water and in the ambient air was carried out from August 2004 to July 2005 in Hino City, situated in the western part of Greater Tokyo, Japan. CHs were less contained in dew water than MAHs. Toluene (volume-weighted mean concentration, VWM: 4.77 nM) and m,p-Xylenes (VWM: 5.07 nM) except dichloromethane, which was abnormally high (VWM: 1.14 μM), were abundant among eleven VOCs determined in dew water. Chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, and benzene were not detected in dew water during the study period. Dew water contained higher amounts of VOCs than would have been expected from the ambient gas-phase concentrations and the temperature-corrected Henry's law constants. Following the determination method of humic substances in river water proposed by Hiraide et al. [Hiraide, M., Shima, T., Kawaguchi, H., 1994. Separation and determination of dissolved and particulate humic substances in river water. Mikrochim. Acta 113, 269–276], the VWM of soluble humic and fulvic acid fractions in dew water was found to be 1.00 mg/L and 0.87 mg/L (n = 20), respectively, while the VWM of particulate humic and fulvic acid fractions was found to be 0.61 mg/L and 0.42 mg/L (n = 20), respectively. Surface tension decreased with an increase in dissolved fulvic acid fraction in dew water, indicating that humic-like substances with relatively lower molecular weight, which is soluble in acid solution, could be an effective surface-active species within dew water. The enrichment factors, which were defined as the ratio of the observed VOCs concentration to the estimated, were over 10² for MAHs except for benzene and increased as the increment of total humic-like substances (HULIS) concentration (the sum of humic and fulvic acid fractions in both dissolved and particulate form) normalized by total inorganic ion concentration in dew water. Our results indicate that total HULIS in dew water could enhance the dissolution of atmospheric VOCs into dew droplets.  相似文献   

微粒单质的微化鉴别     

卫林芳 《湖南地质》1992,11(2):171-173

单质有天然的,也有人造的。有的价格平平,也有十分昂贵的。作为商品,有真的,也有膺品。因此,鉴别其真伪是交易的前提。目前,最好的鉴别方法,应首推微化。本文以表格的形式,扼要的介绍了金、银、铂等十几种单质的物理化学性质及其鉴定与区别。  相似文献   

The impact of organic material on cloud and fog processes     

William D. Garrett 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1978,116(2-3):316-334

Airborne surface-active organic substances can form adsorbed films at air-water and air-solid interfaces in the atmosphere. On the basis of considerable laboratory research, it has been suggested that these films can modify the microphysical processes of clouds and fog. The possible alterations of physical processes include retardation of the rate of growth and evaporation of water drops, passivation of cloud condensation nuclei, modification of drop coalescence efficiency, and the promotion of drop instability. The chemical structure of the film-forming compounds and the physical properties of the adsorbed films determine the degree to which the physical processes are modified. Upon consideration of the actual organic composition of the atmosphere, it was concluded that natural surface films will not greatly influence drop growth and evaporation. In addition, there is no definitive evidence from field experiments that other processes are influenced by natural organic films. The potential for useful weather modification through the intentional introduction of film-forming organic substances into the atmosphere was critically evaluated. Although numerous approaches have been suggested by laboratory studies, only the stabilization of airborne drops against evaporation has been unequivocally demonstrated in field experiments.  相似文献