Private Car Travel Characteristics and Influencing Factors in Chinese Cities ——A Case Study of Guangzhou in Guangdong, China   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

CAO Xiaoshu  CHEN Hemei  LI Linna  ZHEN Feng 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2009,19(4):325-332

Taking Guangzhou as a case, this paper adopted a questionnaire survey to gather first-hand data and analyzed the characteristics and influencing factors of private car travel in Chinese cities. As the research indicated, trip purposes of private car travel are mainly commute and business affairs with a more flexible trip in the urban core area. And trip intensities are concentrated in a certain extent, with trip frequency being lower in the urban core area than the peripheral area. In addition, the trip time has two significant peaks occurring in the morning and afternoon, and one trough in the midday. And trip spatial distribution is mainly within commute with both residence and employment in urban area and inward commute with residence in suburban area while employment in urban area. Both kinds of commutes direct to the urban area. The study also shows that the characteristics of private car travel are principally influenced by two aspects: travelers’ attributes and urban characteristics. The main travelers’ social and economic attributes influenced it include the gender, education attainment, age, driving experience and per capita monthly household income. The urban characteristics influenced it mainly cover the land use pattern, public traffic facilities and spatial attributes of residential environment.  相似文献   

In-situ determination of sediment oxygen demand in cultivation ponds     

孙耀  陈聚法  殷丽  宋云利 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2000,18(2):157-161

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＳｅｄｉｍｅｎｔｏｘｙｇｅｎｄｅｍａｎｄ(ＳＯＤ)ｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｓｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌａｎｄｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｏｘｙｇｅｎｄｅｍａｎｄ(ＧｅｏｒｇｅａｎｄＪｏｓｅｐｈ,1980),ｉｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｆａｃｔｏｒａｆｆｅｃｔｉｎｇｄｉｓｓｏｌｖｅｄｏｘｙｇｅｎ(ＤＯ)ａｎｄｈａｓｂｅｃｏｍｅａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｉｎｍａｎｙｗａｔｅｒｑｕａｌｉｔｙｍｏｄｅｌｓｆｏｒｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｐｏｎｄｓ(Ｍａｄｅｎｊｉａｎ,1990;Ｆａｎｇ,1991).Ｓｏｉｔｉｓｎｅｃｅｓｓａｒｙｔｏ…  相似文献   

面向对象的需求分析方法     

谷震离 《地球科学与环境学报》1999,21(2):1

通过实例,简要叙述了面向对象的需求分析以及在面向对象的需求分析中如何确定对象、结构、属性、主题和方法。  相似文献   

广西与邻省矿产供需状况及矿业互补性探讨     

李永球 《南方国土资源》1999,12(2):49-54

文章根据矿产资源特点、矿产供需状况提出了广西可从邻省引进８种矿产资源为广西经济建设服务,同时广西９种矿产资源可弥补邻省对矿产资源需求的不足。  相似文献   

后疫情时代世界天然铀供需结构与我国天然铀供需趋势分析     

张晓  蔡煜琦  林双幸  宋继叶  王健菲 《地质论评》2022,68(4):1511-1522

铀是世界重要的能源原料,更是国家发展的重要战略资源,随着我国核电产业的快速发展,世界天然铀供需结构将发生巨大变化。本文以权威机构发布的最新数据为基础,总结了当前世界铀资源分布及其生产现状,结合世界及我国核电发展现状和发展趋势,分析了后疫情时代和“两碳目标”下世界天然铀供需结构。目前,世界铀资源可保障核电产业中长期发展需求,但中国铀资源禀赋以及铀生产规模均无法满足当前国内核电发展需求,随着中国核电的快速发展,需依赖国外铀资源以及国际铀市场来补足,随之世界天然铀供需结构亦将发生变化。为了保障我国天然铀长期稳定供给,一方面需要加大国内铀资源勘查开发力度,另一方面要实施“走出去”战略,以提高我国在世界铀资源配置中的地位,保障我国核电可持续发展。  相似文献   

中国铷铯资源需求展望     

高芯蕊  贾宏翔  李天骄  李维东  王安建 《地球学报》2023,44(2):279-285

铷和铯是高新技术产业发展不可或缺的关键矿产,全球资源相对丰富,中国铯资源相对短缺,其安全配置需要给予高度关注,同时需要解决未来中国铷和铯需求预测的科学问题。本文通过调研,从产业链分析入手,构建了铷和铯的数据基础,并尝试使用部门需求预测法和投入产出法,对我国铷和铯的需求做出了研判。结论是国内铷和铯消费进入快速增长期, 2025年我国铯需求1000～1100 t,铷需求约10 t。届时,我国铷和铯的市场规模也将有较大膨胀。  相似文献   

Influence of spiral anchor composite foundation on seismic vulnerability of raw soil structure     

《地震研究进展（英文）》2022,2(4):100175

A typical single-layer raw soil structure in villages and towns in China is taken as the research object. In the probabilistic seismic demand analysis, the seismic demand model is obtained by the incremental dynamic time history analysis method. The seismic vulnerability analysis is carried out for the raw soil structure of non-foundation, strip foundation, and spiral anchor composite foundation, respectively. The spiral anchor composite foundation can reduce the seismic response and failure state of raw soil structure, and the performance level of the structure is significantly improved. Structural requirements sample data with the same ground motion intensity are analyzed by linear regression statistics. Compared with the probabilistic seismic demand model under various working conditions, the seismic demand increases gradually with the increase of intensity. The seismic vulnerability curve is summarized for comparative analysis. With the gradual deepening of the limit state, the reduction effect of spiral anchor composite foundation on the exceedance probability becomes more and more obvious, which can reduce the probability of structural failure to a certain extent.  相似文献   

The threat to climate change mitigation posed by the abundance of fossil fuels     

Filip Johnsson  Jan Kjärstad  Johan Rootzén 《Climate Policy》2019,19(2):258-274

This article analyses the trends in primary demand for fossil fuels and renewables, comparing regions with large and small domestic fossil fuel reserves. We focus on countries that hold 80% of global fossil fuel reserves and compare them with key countries that have meagre fossil fuel reserves. We show that those countries with large domestic fossil fuel reserves have experienced a large increase in primary energy demand from fossil fuels, but only a moderate or no increase in primary energy from renewables, and in particular from non-hydro renewable energy sources (NHRES), which are assumed to represent the cornerstone of the future transformation of the global energy system. This implies a tremendous threat to climate change mitigation, with only two principal mitigation options for fossil-fuel-rich economies if there is to be compliance with the temperature goals of the Paris Agreement: (1) leave the fossil fuels in the ground; and (2) apply carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies. Combinations of these two options to exploit their respective possibilities synergistically will require strong initiatives and incentives to transform a certain amount of the domestic fossil fuel reserves (including the associated infrastructure) into stranded assets and to create an extensive CCS infrastructure. Our conclusion is that immediate and disruptive changes to the use of fossil fuels and investments in non-carbon-emitting technologies are required if global warming is to be limited to well below 2°C. Collective actions along value chains in business to divert from fossil fuels may be a feasible strategy.

Key policy insights

• The main obstacle to compliance with any reasonable warming target is the abundance of fossil fuels, which has maintained and increased momentum towards new fossil-fuelled processes.

• So far, there has been no increase in the share of NHRES in total global primary energy demand, with a clear decline in the NHRES share in India and China.

• There is an immediate need for the global community to develop fossil fuel strategies and policies.

• Policies must account for the global trade flow of products that typically occurs from the newly industrialized fossil fuel-rich countries to the developed countries.

  相似文献   

Low carbon scenarios and policies for the power sector in Botswana     

Yong Jun Baek  Sung Jin Kang 《Climate Policy》2019,19(2):219-230

The Government of Botswana has pledged a nationally determined contribution (NDC) as a commitment to the Paris Agreement. For the power sector, the NDC states that the government expects renewable energy (RE) to meet 25% of peak electricity demand by 2030. However, due to high initial cost of RE technologies, the government plans to maintain a coal-based power system in the future. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine Botswana’s national plan from an economic perspective, using scenario and cost analysis, to explore the possibility of the power sector’s low carbon transition in the light of Botswana’s NDC. Five scenarios are designed to reflect a range of investment cost changes of RE technologies. While most scenarios only achieve 19% (P3, P4 and P5) and 54% (P6) of the NDC’s power sector target, the P7 scenario far exceeds the goal by achieving 188% of the NDC target. Furthermore, as the difference of levelized cost of electricity among the scenarios is minimal, the P7 scenario is the most attractive pathway for the government. Even for other scenarios, the government should still deploy the suggested capacity of solar photovoltaic (PV) as it is both economically and socially beneficial in the long term. However, in these cases, the government’s political will to meet the NDC’s power sector target and to promote the solar PV industry will be critical in designing future power sector policies.

Key policy insights

• Model results show coal as the cheapest resource for electricity generation in Botswana up to 2030, but the cost competitiveness of solar photovoltaic (PV) against coal will continue to increase over time.

• It is economically and socially beneficial to adjust the current national plan and substitute some share of coal with solar PV in the future energy mix.

• Government support is critical in achieving the power sector’s NDC target, as cost reduction of solar PV alone does not guarantee success.

• Encouraging independent power producers (IPP) with financial support mechanisms would be a suitable business model for developing the renewable energy industry.

  相似文献   

“十四五”中国分省经济发展、能源需求与碳排放展望——基于CMRCGE模型的分析     

李继峰  顾阿伦  张成龙  孙振清 《气候变化研究进展》2019,15(6):649-659

在梳理新常态以来各省经济布局发展以及能源需求特征的基础上,重点剖析了国家区域协调发展战略,并利用中国多区域动态可计算一般均衡模型（China Multi-Regional Computable General Equilibrium,CMRCGE）,对“十四五”时期各省经济社会发展、能源需求及碳排放进行了模拟分析。主要结论包括：(1)在区域协调发展战略指引下,预计到“十四五”末,中国将有13个省市人均GDP超过1.5万美元,16个省市人均GDP在1.0万~1.5万美元之间,各省经济有望实现平稳较快发展。(2)预计2025年各省能源需求总量可达54.5亿tce（由于数据原因,未测算西藏）,“十四五”年均增长约为1.5%,能源需求仍保持低速增长。同时能源需求的重心逐步从东部向中部转移,而西部地区能源大省的用能比重基本保持稳定,这与各地所处的经济发展阶段、区域协调发展战略导向基本一致。(3)“十四五”时期各省的碳排放（主要考虑能源利用碳排放）强度年均降幅约为5.4%,绝大部分省份降幅超过4.0%。近年来碳强度显著下降的趋势有望继续保持。  相似文献