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21.
The objective of this experimental study was to account for the role of sediment availability and specific gravity on cluster formation and cluster geometric characteristics (spacing and size). To isolate the effects of sediment availability and specific gravity on cluster evolution, mono‐sized spheres were used to simulate the cluster evolutionary cycle. Overall, twelve experimental runs were carried out in the laboratory flume. Six of these tests were performed by using glass spheres (specific gravity, SG = 2·58) and the other six by employing an equal combination of glass and Teflon spheres (SG = 2·12) of the same diameter to evaluate the role of specific gravity on cluster evolution. The three sediment availability conditions that were investigated here simulated isolated gravel elements, pool–riffle sequences and densely packed gravel‐bed. An advanced image analysis technique was employed to track the evolution of cluster microforms and provide quantitative information about the size and shape of clusters and the number of clusters per unit area. The results of this study showed that: (1) sediment availability affects the architecture and size of cluster microforms; and (2) clusters consisting of mono‐sized sediments start disintegrating at twice the incipient conditions. By performing complementary tests for the isolated gravel elements case, it was found that the evolutionary cycle of individual clusters could be described as follows, in order of increasing stress: no cluster→two particle cluster→comet→triangle→rhomboid→break up. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
22.
The inference of fault geometry from suprajacent fold shape relies on consistent and verified forward models of fault-cored folds, e.g. suites of models with differing fault boundary conditions demonstrate the range of possible folding. Results of kinematic (fault-parallel flow) and mechanical (boundary element method) models are compared to ascertain differences in the way the two methods simulate flexure associated with slip along flat-ramp-flat geometry. These differences are assessed by systematically altering fault parameters in each model and observing subsequent changes in the suprajacent fold shapes. Differences between the kinematic and mechanical fault-fold relationships highlight the differences between the methods. Additionally, a laboratory fold is simulated to determine which method might best predict fault parameters from fold shape. Although kinematic folds do not fully capture the three-dimensional nature of geologic folds, mechanical models have non-unique fold-fault relationships. Predicting fault geometry from fold shape is best accomplished by a combination of the two methods. 相似文献
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洛阳市城市地下管网系统的设计与实现 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
介绍了在洛阳市城市综合管网GIS系统研究和实施中使用的技术和方法,就系统的主要功能进行了全面介绍。 相似文献
25.
This paper addresses the problem of characterizing the shape of a geological surface on the basis of its principal curvatures.
The surface is assumed to be modeled as a set of adjacent triangles defined by the location of their vertices and a method
is proposed for estimating numerically the principal curvatures at the vertices of the triangles using a local C2 interpolant. Also shown is how principal curvatures can be useful for studying the deformation of a geological surface (with
application to 3D balanced unfolding), and analyzing the folding or faulting of the interface between two adjacent layers. 相似文献
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论述了在县域内实行矿产资源的统一规划、统一勘探、统一开发的重要性;实现公益性地质矿产调查与商业性地质勘查工作分制运行,以加强矿产资源调查评价与勘查,进而为县域经济可持续发展提供矿产资源保障。 相似文献
28.
Jiongxin Xu 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2004,29(5):645-657
A comparison has been made between the hydraulic geometry of sand‐ and gravel‐bed rivers, based on data from alluvial rivers around the world. The results indicate a signi?cant difference in hydraulic geometry among sand‐ and gravel‐bed rivers with different channel patterns. On this basis, some diagrams for discrimination of meandering and braided channel patterns have been established. The relationships between channel width and water discharge, between channel depth and water discharge, between width–depth ratio and water discharge and between channel slope and water discharge can all be used for channel pattern discrimination. The relationship between channel width and channel depth can also be used for channel pattern discrimination. However, the accuracy of these relationships for channel pattern discrimination varies, and the depth–discharge relationship is a better discriminator of pattern type than the classic slope–discharge function. The cause for this difference has been explained qualitatively. To predict the development of channel patterns under different natural conditions, the pattern discriminator should be searched on the basis of independent or at least semi‐independent variables. The relationship between stream power and bed material grain size can be used to discriminate channel patterns, which shows a better result than the discriminator using the slope–discharge relationship. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
29.
目前,线路勘探中对浜填土检测不够重视或缺乏有效的方法,使浜填土的处理缺乏针对性,造成不必要的浪费或工程隐患。该文探讨了在线路勘探中暗浜的勘查技术及相应评价与整治方法。 相似文献
30.
安徽张八岭地区西冷岩组早期构造变形复杂,主要表现为褶皱以及与褶皱变形密切相关的韧性剪切变形。野外调查表明,该地层中至少发育3期褶皱变形,其中F1为北西向韧性剪切褶皱;F2为向南南西倾伏的纵弯褶皱;F3为近东西向的宽缓褶皱。F1与F:联合制约了西冷岩组岩层展布的总体格局。显微构造,特别是岩石的磁性组构特征证明了区内曾发生过多期构造变形,且有两期最为显著,即早期的水平剪切和随后发生的侧向挤压。本文重点阐述上述褶皱变形的几何学特征,并进行运动学和动力学分析。 相似文献