Finding work in 2001: urban–rural contrasts across England in employment rates and local job availability     

Mike Coombes  Simon Raybould 《Area》2004,36(2):202-222

Early results from the 2001 census of England allow a preliminary analysis of joblessness. People in the prime working ages (25–49) are more likely to be in work than those in their 50s, but the differences are quite subtle: in particular, men without qualifications are not much more likely to be in work when they are younger, despite the suggestions that too many men cease working in their 50s. The evidence supports the view that there is a national shortfall of demand for labour, that the low-skilled are the least able to compete for scarce jobs, and older people are the most likely to be unqualified. Moreover there is a strong spatial clustering of areas where job availability has declined or grown least, undermining the government's claim that there were often available jobs near to concentrations of people without work.  相似文献   

The Singapore River thematic zone: sustainable tourism in an urban context   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Victor R Savage  Shirlena Huang  T C Chang 《The Geographical journal》2004,170(3):212-225

This paper explores the concept of sustainable tourism and how it applies to urban destinations such as Singapore. As tourism is an important industry in Singapore, in terms of employment, business activity and an income generator, the Singapore Tourism Board is continuously looking at potential avenues to make Singapore a competitive destination. We examine the use of thematic zones in Singapore as a strategy to achieve its ambition of becoming a tourism capital of the world. By focusing on a case study of the Singapore River thematic zone (one of the 11 thematic zones identified by the Singapore Tourism Board), we assess the viability of thematic zones in ensuring sustainable urban tourism. The paper closes with some theoretical reflections and policy implications arising from our key findings.  相似文献   

Relationship between solar radiation and the development and morphology of small cirque glaciers (Maladeta Mountain massif, Central Pyrenees, Spain)     

Javier Chueca  Asunción Julián 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2004,86(1):81-89

Abstract Spatial and temporal variations in radiative fluxes influence glacier mass‐balance in mountain areas. The primary goal of this study was to assess differences in solar radiation on three glacial cirques located in the Maladeta Mountain massif (Central Spanish Pyrenees), and analyse their implications on glacier development and morphology. A quantitative approach is adopted to obtain the values of solar radiation (direct, diffuse and global radiation), combining several field data parameters (measured at 55 control‐points) with the solar radiation modelling package Ecosim. The data obtained confirm that the morphologies of the glacial bodies developed in the three cirques have a good correlation with the spatial variation on solar radiation inputs, favouring also the conservation (Aneto and Coronas cirques) or total vanishing (Llosás cirque) of the glacial remnants analysed here. The study shows how strongly in this Alpine‐Mediterranean context solar radiation — firstly as a function of latitude and time of year, and locally as a function of topographic slope, aspect and shadowing — controls the mass‐balance and the spatial distribution of melting in small glaciers, having an effect on the development of their morphologies.  相似文献   

基于全球一体化的中原城市群城市竞争力研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

罗亚  徐建华  岳文泽 《世界地理研究》2004,13(4):17-24

全球化背景下，城市群主导世界经济的趋势不可阻挡，关于城市群的研究随之也越来越受到人们的重视。近几年，中原城市群悄悄崛起，但只是一个雏形，还存在很多问题。为了更好的促进中原城市群的发育，特别是加强城市群内部各城市发挥特长、合理分工、优势互补，进而提升中原地区区域经济的发展水平，文章选用了九大类44项城市竞争力指标，建立了城市竞争力的指标体系，从定量的角度对中原城市群的城市竞争力进行了排序、对比、分析，其城市竞争力排名依次是郑州、济源、洛阳、焦作、漯河、新乡、许昌、平顶山及开封。得到的结论如下：(1)首位城市竞争力强，但还没有发挥核心城市的作用。(2)工业型的城市经济实力竞争力强。(3)农业型城市的经济竞争力较弱。(4)产业竞争力和资金实力是影响城市综合竞争力的主要因子。(5)个别城市的单项指标存在异常点，显现出其优劣势。最后根据分析结果，笔者提出了四点优化对策，为城市群中的城市定位、产业分工、资源优化配置及相应区域互动政策的制定提供决策依据。  相似文献   

基于灰度形态学的高分辨率遥感影像预处理   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

王耀苹王玉海  朱长青陈星 《测绘学院学报》2004,21(2):108-110

提出了一种从高分辨率遥感影像中提取线性目标时影像预处理的方法。该方法基于灰度形态学的Top-Hat运算和灰度膨胀运算，用Top-Hat算子除去影像的噪声，再利用灰度膨胀增强影像目标和背景之间的对比度，使目标更易于识别。经过处理的遥感影像，能够更有效地提取影像的目标。  相似文献   

IMD法在多光谱图像分类中的应用     

郑战辉张书华  朱述龙朱宝山 张艳 《测绘学院学报》2004,21(3):193-195

数学形态学着重于分析和处理图像的几何结构信息。根据这一原理，在图像分类预处理过程中，对各种地物区域的几何结构特点进行分析，构造相应的结构元素，然后对图像进行形态迭代分解法(IMD，Iterative Morphological Decompostion)变换。在变换结果中，地物区域的灰度信息进行了归一化处理，同时区域的几何结构特点和独立地物得到了有效保留。将多光谱图像的IMD变换结果进行分类实验的结果表明，该方法可以有效提高多光谱图像分类的精度和效率，具有较强的适用性。  相似文献   

论数字城市工程及其技术体系   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

边馥苓  王金鑫 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2004,29(12):1045-1049

分析了数字城市的内涵 ,基于数字工程思想 ,总结了数字城市的工程结构与技术体系 ,进而阐述了数字城市的意义与建设策略。  相似文献   

A relationship between red tide outbreaks and urban development along the coasts of Guangdong Province     

LIU Xiaonan  WANG Wei 《地理学报》2004,14(2):219-225

Red tides are one of the main coastal catastrophic events in Guangdong Province of southern China. The comparison between the number of red tide events and the development indexes of cities along the coasts of the province shows that the regional differences in red tide outbreaks has close relations with the coastal urban developments. The cause for an initiation of red tide blooms may be natural factors, while wastewater caused by the fast development of population, industry and aquiculture of the coastal cities enhanced the blooms. It may explain why the two periods of frequent outbreaks of the red tides over the last two decades matched the urban developments in the coastal areas of Guangdong not only spatially but also temporally. The red tides in the first period were restricted only to the coasts of middle Guangdong, where urbanization process was at a higher speed than the other coastal areas of the province. In the second period, fast development of the coastal cities in eastern Guangdong led to an increase in the occurrence of red tides in local sea areas of the same coasts.  相似文献   

Black Holes and Loose Connections in a Global Urban Network   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

John Rennie Short 《The Professional geographer》2004,56(2):295-302

This paper introduces the concept of black holes and loose connections in a global urban hierarchy. Black holes are defined as large cities, with a population of over 3 million, that are not classified as world cities. The paper draws upon a classification that uses advanced producer services as an indicator of world city status. Large, nonworld cities are identified, and provisional ideas about explaining their position are outlined. Connectivity and population data are used in a simple regression analysis to identify loose connections: cities whose connectivity is less than that predicted by their population.  相似文献   

ISTANBUL'S BOSTANS: A MILLENNIUM OF MARKET GARDENS*     

PAUL J. KALDJIAN 《Geographical review》2004,94(3):284-304

ABSTRACT. For centuries, a network of market gardens throughout Istanbul provisioned the city with fresh vegetables. These bostans and their gardeners held a respected place in Istanbul life, contributing to the city's food and employment needs. Today, only fragments remain. Massive urban development, intense competition for metropolitan space, modernization, changing institutions and laws, and the global industrialization of food have threatened this tradition with extinction. But in spite of the overwhelming forces behind their demise, some of Istanbul's bostans persist. Efforts to support and promote the gardens, and to draw from the expertise and experience of their gardeners, are emerging. From a historical perspective, this article examines Istanbul's bostans to understand their meaning and contribution to the city's people and landscape.  相似文献