Broadband seismic experiment at Merapi Volcano, Java, Indonesia: very-long-period pulses embedded in multiphase earthquakes     

D. Hidayat  B. Voight  C. Langston  A. Ratdomopurbo  C. Ebeling 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2000,100(1-4)

Multiphase (MP) and low frequency (LF) earthquakes with spectral peak amplitudes at 3–4 and 1 Hz, respectively, are two common types of shallow volcanic earthquakes previously recognized at Merapi Volcano. Their mechanisms are poorly understood but MPs have been temporally associated with lava dome growth. We conducted a seismic experiment in January–February 1998, using four broadband seismographs to investigate the nature of seismic activity associated with dome growth. During our experiment, Merapi experienced mild dome growth with low-level seismic activity. We compare our data to that recorded on a local short-period (SP) network, with the following preliminary results.MP and LF events as recorded and classified on the short-period network instruments were recognized on the broadband network. Frequency spectrograms revealed similar patterns in the near summit region at widely separated broadband stations. Higher frequency spectra than previously recognized were identified for both MP and LF events, and were strongly attenuated as a function of radial distance from the source. Thus the spectral characteristics of these events as recorded on far-field stations are not fully indicative of the source processes. In particular, many events classified as LF-type appear to have much high frequency energy near the source. This aspect of these so-called LF earthquakes, and their association with very-long-period (VLP) pulses, suggests that many events identified in the far-field as LF events are in actuality a variety of the MP event and involve similar source processes. Broadband records indicated that simple large-amplitude VLP pulses were embedded in MP and LF wavetrains. From event to event these pulses were similar in their waveforms and had periods of 4 s. VLP events embedded in LF and MP earthquakes were located using particle motions. The epicenters were clustered in a central region of the dome complex, and preliminary source depths were within about 100 m of the dome surface, suggesting a source region deep within the dome or the uppermost conduit. A similar source location was established by study of MP high-frequency onsets. Our broadband data suggests that we have recorded both elastic seismic waves and a simple embedded pulse that is interpreted to represent a surface tilt at the seismometer site. The inferred tilt indicates an inflation and subsequent deflation, possibly caused by a gas pressure pulse or episodic shallow magma transport with stick-slip movement of the conduit wall.  相似文献   

Zonation of the main volcanic hazards (lava flows and ash fall) in Tenerife, Canary Islands. A proposal for a surveillance network     

V. Araa  A. Felpeto  M. Astiz  A. García  R. Ortiz  R. Abella 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2000,103(1-4)

The island of Tenerife is volcanically complex, and its eruptive history predominantly reflects the processes and products of two different eruptive styles: (1) non-explosive effusions of basaltic lavas from fissure vents mostly aligned along two ridges; and (2) less frequent but explosive salic eruptions from central vents associated with the Las Cañadas volcanic edifice and associated summit caldera. We have taken into account this fundamental distinction to develop a volcanic-hazards zonation (for lava flows and ash fall only) that includes: definition of the principal hazards; identification of the areas that have higher probability of containing emission centres; and numerical modelling of the vulnerable areas to be affected by volcanic hazards. Not only does the volcanic-hazards zonation map provide emergency-management officials with an updated assessment of the volcanic hazards, but it also represents a starting point for the preparation of a volcanic risk map for Tenerife. Finally, the hazards-zonation map also furnishes the basis for the design of a proposed volcano surveillance network.  相似文献   

Comparison of Conventional K–Ar and Ar/Ar Dating of Young Mafic Volcanic Rocks     

Marvin A. Lanphere 《Quaternary Research》2000,53(3):294

K–Ar and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages have been measured on nine mafic volcanic rocks younger than 1 myr from the Snake River Plain (Idaho), Mount Adams (Washington), and Crater Lake (Oregon). The K–Ar ages were calculated from Ar measurements made by isotope dilution and K₂O measurements by flame photometry. The ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages are incremental-heating experiments using a low-blank resistance-heated furnace. The results indicate that high-quality ages can be measured on young, mafic volcanic rocks using either the K–Ar or the ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar technique. The precision of an ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar plateau age generally is better than the precision of a K–Ar age because the plateau age is calculated by pooling the ages of several gas increments. The precision of a plateau age generally is better than the precision of an isotope correlation (isochron) age for the same sample. For one sample the intercept of the isochron yielded an ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar value significantly different from the atmospheric value of 295.5. Recalculation of increment ages using the isochron intercept for the composition of nonradiogenic Ar in the sample resulted in much better agreement of ages for this sample. The results of this study also indicate that, given suitable material and modern equipment, precise K–Ar and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages can be measured on volcanic rocks as young as the latest Pleistocene, and perhaps even the Holocene.  相似文献   

东营凹陷中生代火山岩地球化学初步研究   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

孔凡仙 《矿物学报》2000,20(3):293-297

东营凹陷早白垩纪火山岩,沿青城断裂分布,是一套弱碱性-钙碱性、富钠的大陆玄武岩、玄武安山岩.其84Sr/86Sr=0.705197,K-Ar同位素年龄为116.8±2.4～121.6±2.5Ma,稀土含量在84.93×10-6～90.60×10-6,∑LREE/∑HREE=6.99～7.24.岩浆主要来自上地幔,并受地壳物质混染.研究表明,该套火山岩产出的大地构造背景是活动大陆边缘火山弧后,左旋压扭应力场中的Nww向展布的次级张性盆地.  相似文献   

Features of Minerogenic Series Related to Continental VolcanicRocks in the Southeastern Coastal Area of China-A Case Study of the Daiyunshan-ShiniushanVolcanic Depression in Fujian     

ZHU Yulin 《《地质学报》英文版》2000,74(3):492-499

The Daiyunshan-Shiniushan volcanic depression in Fujian Province is situated in a volcanic belt of the southeast coastal area in China along the west Pacific Ocean. A new breakthrough has been made in the exploration of gold and silver ore deposits in recent years. The minerogenic series of the Daiyunshan-Shiniushan volcanic depression is discussed in this paper based on the analysis of major metallogenic types and factors. According to the study of enormous ore deposits and occurrences in the study area, two minerogenic series have been recognized: 1. Late Jurassic Au-Ag-Pb-Zn minerogenic series related to intermediate-acid, acid volcanic formations; 2. nonmetallic minerogenic series (pyrophyllite, alunite pearlite, andalusite, zeolite, corundum and so on) related to intermediate and acid volcanic formations. The division and study of the minerogenic series have revealed metallogenic and time-space distribution characteristics of the ore deposits in the volcanic belt of the southeast coastal area in Ch  相似文献   

赣南-粤北鸡笼嶂组地火山岩岩石学和岩石化学特征讨论   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

左跃明  张树明  巫建华  周维勋 《江西地质》2000,14(2):93-99

赣南－粤北地区鸡笼嶂组是一套以酸性火山岩为主的岩石组合,属晚侏罗世莲花寨群,本文在讨论了鸡笼嶂组火山岩的岩石学、岩石化学特征基础上,对火山岩形成的构造环境及成因机制作了初步探讨。  相似文献   

赣南中生代三类熔结凝灰岩特征及相模式     

赖章忠  徐九发 《江西地质》2000,14(1):10-15

本文通过对赣南中生代火山盆地内广泛分布的熔结凝灰岩类的岩相学、岩石学、岩石 地球化学特征的综合研究,将熔结凝灰岩类划分为碎屑流型、涌流型、次火山型等３种类型,并对其 成因机理进行了讨论。  相似文献   

松辽盆地徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩相和火山机构分析   总被引：47，自引：0，他引：47  

陈建文  李长山 《地学前缘》2000,7(4):371-379

徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩极为发育。文章通过对火山岩的岩芯观察、薄片鉴定、岩芯测试及测井资料、二维、三维地震资料的综合分析 ,将营城组火山岩盆地分为 3大相区 ,即火山喷发区、过渡区和沉积区。火山喷发区岩性由各种熔岩、火山碎屑岩和少量砂砾岩组成 ;过渡区岩性以火山碎屑岩与沉积岩互层为特征 ,夹少量火山熔岩 ;沉积区岩性包括砂砾岩、砂岩、粉砂岩和泥岩。火山喷发区内可识别出 8种类型的火山岩相 (空落相、溢流相、基底涌流相、火山碎屑流相、火山泥石流相、火山沉积相、次火山相、隐爆角砾岩相 )和 3种类型的火山机构 (层火山、微型盾火山和渣锥火山 )。不同类型的火山机构具有不同火山作用、岩相分布特征和含油气性。因此火山岩相及火山机构分析对火山作用研究和油气勘探均有重要意义。  相似文献   

渤海湾盆地陷隐蔽油气藏   总被引：31，自引：2，他引：29  

谯汉生  王明明 《地学前缘》2000,7(4):497-506

渤海湾盆地隐蔽油气藏的形成与分布,总体上受控于裂谷断陷湖盆的生成演化。中新生代以来,多旋回的挤压、走滑与伸展作用,使华北地台解体,地壳薄化,并形成由一系列掀斜断块组成的裂谷盆地,在盆地内,常出现含油的潜山披覆背斜构造、拖构造,重力滑动构造、冲断构造和不同时期不同类型构造复合叠加而成的复杂隐蔽断裂构造,受老老三纪构造放回与古气修旋回控制,在沉积建设上形成了５个不整合或假整合界面和４套层序叠覆的层序结构,以及富于岩相岩性变化的断陷湖盆沉积。在水进超覆层内或水进笔层水间,建造的低水位扇砂体、浊积岩体、生物碎屑灰岩与火山岩体等,极易形成大量的地层岩性油气藏和岩性与构造复合油气藏。  相似文献   

CRETACEOUS (?) VOLCANIC ROCKS ON THE NORTH END OF THE ALTYN TAGH FAULT:CHARACTERISTICS AND TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS     

Meng Fancong  Yang Jingsui  Zhang Jianxin  Wu Cailai  Shi Rendeng  Li Haibing  Li Tianfu WT  ”BX 《地学前缘》2000,(Z1)

CRETACEOUS (?) VOLCANIC ROCKS ON THE NORTH END OF THE ALTYN TAGH FAULT:CHARACTERISTICS AND TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS1　PanGuitang ,WangPeisheng ,XuYaorong ,etal.CenozoictectonicevolutionofQinghai Tibetplateau[M] .Beijing :Geo logicalPublishingHouse ,1990 .32～ 6 8(inChinese) . 2　ZhengXiangshen ,BianQiantao,ZhengJiankang .OntheCenozoicvolcanicrocksinHohxildisreict,QinghaiProvince[A] .ActaPetrologicaSinica,1996 ,12 ( 4) :530～ 54 5(inChinesewith…  相似文献