Nitrogen isotope ratios of nitrate as a clue to the origin of nitrogen on the Pacific coast of Japan     

Ryo Sugimoto  Akihide Kasai  Toshihiro Miyajima  Kouichi Fujita 《Continental Shelf Research》2009

To clarify the sources and transformation of NO₃⁻ on the Pacific coast of Japan, observations over the continental shelf were conducted during the summer in 2005 and 2006 when the Kuroshio flowed close to and away from the coastal area, respectively. Below the halocline, there are two prominent salinity peaks that originated in two different waters. In the subsurface layer, the salinity maximum (S_max) was indicative of the Kuroshio Water (KW), while the salinity minimum (S_min) in the middle layer at ∼400 m depth was indicative of the North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW). δ¹⁵N_NO3 ranged from 4.1‰ to 5.1‰ with a mean of 4.8±0.4‰ in the deeper water around S_min. Below 50 m depth over the shelf break, δ¹⁵N_NO3 values (3.1±0.8‰ in 2005 and 4.6±0.3‰ in 2006) clearly increased as contribution of NPIW increased in 2006. On the contrary, subsurface δ¹⁵N of NO₃⁻ values (−1.1±0.1‰) remained unchanged in both years, although the contribution of the KW to the subsurface water changed significantly. This suggests that the source of NO₃⁻ has little effect on the δ¹⁵N of NO₃⁻ in this layer. The negative δ¹⁵N values also coincided with the base of the chlorophyll maximum layer suggesting that these isotopic signals must be evidence of active nitrification in the upper layer.  相似文献   

Climate shifts vs. edaphic humidity and the difficulty of palaeoreconstructions – a malacological study on stable isotopes in Quaternary dune sequences of Fuerteventura     

Christiane Richter  Christopher-Bastian Roettig  Daniel Wolf  Andreas Gärtner  Thomas Kolb  Dominik Faust 《第四纪科学杂志》2021,36(3):426-440

Dune palaeosurface sequences on the Eastern Canary Islands were investigated for stable isotope records in gastropod shells of the genus Theba. Due to the ecology of the taxon and the special oceanic insularity of the study site, we assume that δ¹⁸O_shell signals in our case mainly reflect shifts in δ¹⁸O signals of sea surface water. We found that a rapid decrease in δ¹⁸O_shell signals is associated with significant changes in gastropod associations. We suggest that these faunal changes were caused by strong (hot) winds at the end of glacial phases, that were described previously by Moreno et al. In addition, we assume that rapid declines in δ¹⁸O_shell signals due to marine transgressions were followed by geomorphologically stable phases, dominated by dust enrichment. Such palaeosurfaces correlate with maxima of gastropod biodiversity and with more negative δ¹³C_shell signals indicating a higher proportion of C3 plants. Based on our results, we also assume that these silty palaeosurfaces were associated with increased soil moisture conditions due to a higher water storage capacity of the finer substrate, independent of climatic moisture conditions.  相似文献   

河套灌区耕地-荒地-海子系统间不同类型水分运移转化          下载免费PDF全文

王国帅  史海滨  李仙岳  闫建文  郭珈玮  李正中 《水科学进展》2021,31(6):832-842

为了探明耕地-荒地-海子系统中不同类型水分的运移转化规律,在2018-2019年典型时期对系统内具有代表性的采样点进行水样采集,分析了不同时期内不同水体的δ¹⁸O变化特征,并利用二端元混合模型和土壤水动力学方法计算了不同类型水分转化贡献率。结果发现：①在灌溉期,82%的灌溉水储存于1 m土体中,18%的灌溉水通过渗漏补给了耕地地下水,渠系灌溉水通过地下侧向径流给耕地地下水贡献了76%。②灌溉水和降雨对耕地地下水平均贡献率为94%和6%;耕地地下水和降雨对荒地地下水的平均贡献率为71%和29%;荒地地下水和降雨对海子的平均贡献率为43%和57%。③渠系灌溉水通过侧向径流贡献给耕地地下水的水量基本全部迁移给了荒地地下水,地下水迁移转化是由渠系水侧向径流触发的。④灌后5 d,耕荒地交界土层0~40 cm存在饱和-非饱和侧向补给;灌后15 d和30 d,耕地和耕荒地交界处的地下水向根区40~60 cm、土层80 cm以及100 cm补给水分;灌后30 d,耕地中的灌溉水水分消失。⑤在非灌溉期,荒地地下水和海子耗水较多,应给海子补给水分。  相似文献   

全球冰川径流中硅的研究进展     

刘莎  李向应  杨船洋  韩添丁  井哲帆  朱永华 《冰川冻土》2021,43(2):390-404

硅（Si）是硅藻等海洋生物必需的营养元素,在海洋生态系统和碳循环方面扮演着重要角色。在全球变暖背景下,冰川加速消融,融水径流量快速增加,流域硅酸盐风化作用逐渐增强,导致大量Si元素随着融水释放出来并进入下游,很可能影响陆地与海洋生态系统生产力、碳循环并反馈气候变化。当前与冰川消融有关的Si释放及其影响研究已成为国际热点科学问题之一。通过回顾冰川径流中Si浓度及其δ³⁰Si的最新研究成果,分析了Si浓度的空间变化特征,发现冰川径流的Si浓度受采样方法、径流量、基岩特征等因子的共同影响。在总结该领域现存问题的基础上,认为未来急需加强冰川径流Si的野外监测,综合利用多种同位素手段来厘清冰川径流Si的迁移转化过程和输移规律,评估因冰川消融而进入下游生态系统的Si通量,进而为冰川Si的生态及气候影响评估提供科学指导。  相似文献   

4个代表站点的珊瑚δ18O数据对热带印度洋气候变率的反演能力分析*     

陈云帆  陈天然  龙上敏  陈泽生  杜岩 《热带海洋学报》2022,41(1):82-93

珊瑚中的δ¹⁸O含量可以高精度地记录热带海洋中的气候变率及气候变化信息, 从而弥补器测观测时间长度有限的缺陷, 为反演过去长期的气候状况提供了可能。热带印度洋的气候模态通过海气相互作用影响周边区域甚至全球的气候, 具有重要的研究意义。本文对比分析了1880—1999年间热带印度洋4个站点(肯尼亚、坦桑尼亚、塞舌尔、明打威)的珊瑚δ¹⁸O数据, 研究了其对热带印度洋气候的反演情况。结果显示, 珊瑚δ¹⁸O对海表温度(sea surface temperature, SST)的长期变化趋势反演良好, 珊瑚δ¹⁸O与局地SST在季节循环中保持一致, 且在低温季节对SST的变化更为敏感。此外, 4个站点的珊瑚δ¹⁸O对印度洋海盆模态(Indian Ocean Basin Mode, IOBM)和印度洋偶极子模态(Indian Ocean Dipple Mode, IODM)有一定的表征能力, 并且δ¹⁸O记录的热带印度洋年际变率受年代际变率调制。本文的研究结果表明, 珊瑚δ¹⁸O数据对于了解古气候时期热带印度洋气候变率具有重要的指示意义, 但同时也需要综合考虑不同站点的信息来完整地反映印度洋在历史时期的气候变化情况。  相似文献   

Water sources of plants and groundwater in typical ecosystems in the lower reaches of the Heihe River Basin     

YunFeng Ruan  LiangJu Zhao  HongLang Xiao  GuoDong Cheng  MaoXian Zhou  Fang Wang 《寒旱区科学》2014,6(3):0226-0235

Stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions （δ18O and δD） of soil water and shallow groundwater of a riparian forest, an artificial shrub forest, and Gobi of the lower reaches of the Heihe River Basin are used to study the recharge water sources of those ecosystems. IsoSource software is used to determine the δ180 values for root water of Populous euphratica and Tamarix ramosissima in the riparian forest ecosystem, Haloxylon ammodendron in the artificial shrub forest, and Reaumuria soongorica in the Gobi, as well as for local soil water and groundwater, and precipitation in the upper reaches of the Heihe River Basin. Our results showed that soil water and shallow groundwater of the riparian forest and the artificial shrub forest were recharged by river water which originated from precipitation in the upper reaches, and strong evaporation occurred in the artificial shrub forest. Soil water of the Gobi was not affected by Heihe River water due to this area being far away from the river channel. The main water sources of Populous euphratica were from 40-60-cm soil water and groundwater, and of Tamarix ramosissima were from 40-80-cm soil water in the riparian forest ecosystem. In the artificial forest, Haloxylon ammodendron used 200-cm saturated-layer soil water and shallow groundwater. The Reaumuria soongorica mainly used soil water from the 175-200-cm depth in the Gobi. Therefore, soil water and groundwater are the main water sources which maintain survival and growth of the plants in the extremely arid regions of the lower reaches of the Heihe River Basin.  相似文献   

Channelized fluids in subducted continental crust: constraints from δD–δ18O of quartz and fluid inclusions in quartz veins from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(13):1443-1463

Fluid inclusions hosted by quartz veins in high-pressure to ultrahigh-pressure (HP-UHP) metamorphic rocks from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) Project main drillhole have low, varied hydrogen isotopic compositions (δD?=??97‰ to??69‰). Quartz δ¹⁸O values range from??2.5‰ to 9.6‰; fluid inclusions hosted in quartz have correspondingly low δ¹⁸O values of??11.66‰ to 0.93‰ (T _h?=?171.2～318.8°C). The low δD and δ¹⁸O isotopic data indicate that protoliths of some CCSD HP-UHP metamorphic rocks reacted with meteoric water at high latitude near the surface before being subducted to great depth. In addition, the δ¹⁸O of the quartz veins and fluid inclusions vary greatly with the drillhole depth. Lower δ¹⁸O values occur at depths of ～900–1000 m and ～2700 m, whereas higher values characterize rocks at depths of about 1770 m and 4000 m, correlating roughly with those of wall-rock minerals. Given that the peak metamorphic temperature of the Dabie-Sulu UHP metamorphic rocks was about 800°C or higher, much higher than the closure temperature of oxygen isotopes in quartz under wet conditions, such synchronous variations can be explained by re-equilibration. In contrast, δD values of fluid inclusions show a different relationship with depth. This is probably because oxygen is a major element of both fluids and silicates and is much more abundant in the quartz veins and silicate minerals than is hydrogen. The oxygen isotope composition of fluid inclusions is evidently more susceptible to late-stage re-equilibration with silicate minerals than is the hydrogen isotope composition. Therefore, different δD and δ¹⁸O patterns imply that dramatic fluid migration occurred, whereas the co-variation of oxygen isotopes in fluid inclusions, quartz veins, and wall-rock minerals can be better interpreted by re-equilibration during exhumation.

Quartz veins in the Dabie-Sulu UHP metamorphic terrane are the product of high-Si fluids. Given that channelized fluid migration is much faster than pervasive flow, and that the veins formed through precipitation of quartz from high-Si fluids, the abundant veins indicate significant fluid mobilization and migration within this subducted continental slab. Many mineral reactions can produce high-Si fluids. For UHP metamorphic rocks, major dehydration during subduction occurred when pressure–temperature conditions exceeded the stability of lawsonite. In contrast, for low-temperature eclogites and other HP metamorphic rocks with peak metamorphic P–T conditions within the stability field of lawsonite, dehydration and associated high-Si fluid release may have occurred as hydrous minerals were destabilized at lower pressure during exhumation. Because subduction is a continuous process whereas only a minor fraction of the subducted slabs returns to the surface, dehydration during underflow is more prevalent than exhumation even in subducted continental crust, which is considerably drier than altered oceanic crust.  相似文献   

湖相沉积物有机地球化学在古环境研究中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

苗忠英  郑绵平  张震  毛立全  王晶 《矿床地质》2014,33(5):1108-1116

湖相沉积物中的有机质蕴含着丰富的地球化学信息,是古环境研究中必要的基础资料之一。文章综述了近年来湖相沉积物有机地球化学在古环境研究中的应用,结果表明:1在应用有机地球化学信息探讨古环境时,首先要根据有机质组成特征区分其来源,不同来源的有机质,其地球化学特征存在差异;2有机质碳同位素(δ13Corg)是研究古气候变化的常用指标,在区分暖湿、暖干、冷湿、冷干气候类型时需结合沉积物中总有机质丰度(TOC)、总有机氮丰度(TN)、自生碳酸盐氧同位素(δ18O)等资料;3脂肪酸不饱和度可作为恢复古环境温度的定性指标,UK37和UK37'在定量恢复古湖水表层温度中有较好的应用效果,TEX86有望应用在古湖水表层温度的重建;4生物标志化合物可较好地区分沉积物中有机质的来源、沉积水体的盐度及氧化还原性。可见,有机地球化学是研究古环境常用且有效的技术手段,多项有机地球化学参数相互验证能够更精确地重建古环境并预测其演化趋势。  相似文献   

即墨温泉地热水的氢氧同位素特征及其地质意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘焱光  付云霞  吴世迎 《海岸工程》2009,28(2):52-60

青岛市即墨温泉水是含有多种微量元素的一种具特殊医疗作用的地热水。通过对即墨温泉地区在不同季节采集的温泉地热水、地下水、地表水、大气降水和近岸海水分别进行氢、氧同位素的测定。结果表明，即墨温泉水的氢、氧同位素值皆小于大气降水来源的地表水、地下水和雨水；即墨温泉地热水占δD-δ^18O相关点沿大气降水线展布表明其主要来源和补给源为大气降水，估算的循环深度约为2017．6m。在有利的构造部位和良好的储水条件下，大气降水经深循环加热和水岩反应淋滤盐分，并沿断裂上升出露地表，形成矿化度较高的温泉。  相似文献