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Claudio ZUCCA Annalisa CANU Raniero DELLA PERUTA 《国际泥沙研究》2006,21(2):132-144
1 INTRODUCTION Many studies on soil erosion by water have been carried out in the Mediterranean area, since erosion is considered as one of the most important land degradation processes in these environments (UNEP, 1994). Those studies mainly focused on r… 相似文献
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1 INTRODUCTION Tunnel erosion or piping is very common in semi-arid areas. It is often associated with gully system development (e.g., Parker, 1965; Heede, 1971; Harvey, 1982; Crouch, 1983; Gutierrez et al., 1997). It may also become a severe soil conserv… 相似文献
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丹巴水电站是大渡河干流水电规划“三库22级”的第8级电站,左右两条引水隧洞长10余公里,调查揭示沿线地下水丰富,本文即是通过对隧洞线泉水水样进行采样、水质分析结果讨论其对隧洞中的混凝土砌体的影响。结果表明隧洞经过区基岩地下水水质不会对衬砌混凝土造成不利的影响。只是佛爷崖断层带处地下水硫酸根离子含量较高,存在一定的酸性侵蚀作用。 相似文献
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D. K. MCCOOL J. D. WILLIAMS 《国际泥沙研究》2005,20(3):202-210
Hydrology of the Northwestern Wheat and Range Region （NWRR） of the Pacific Northwest USA is dominated by winter events. Fifty-five to sixty-five percent of the precipitation occurs from November through March, and formation of impermeable frost, intensified by excessive tillage and tillage pans, has long been a major factor in rill and gully formation in the region. Saturated zones can form above tillage pans, freeze solid, and significantly reduce infiltration. Frost heaved surface soils thaw and weaken with warming temperatures or rain. Under these conditions, runoff from rain or snowmelt or a combination of the two is inevitable, concentrating in rills and channels, and carrying with it the loosened soil. Slopes are frequently quite steep and there may be little deposition above the toe slope. Classical over-fall head-cut gullies are uncommon. Concentrated flow channels form because of collection of water from impervious areas such as conventionally tilled fall seeded small grains and bare grass seed fields. In some soils, gullies are created by seepage from saturated layers above permanent restrictive layers in the soil. Gullies can also result from terrace failures due to rodent burrows and low compaction at the time of construction. In naturally unconsolidated soil, rodent activity can lead to piping failures that remove large quantities of subsurface soil and can become gullies. Rill measurements on conventionally tilled fields in Oregon, Washington, and Idaho were used to determine coefficients for relationships between slope length and steepness and size of rills. This paper describes these studies and the results as well as analysis of long-term erosion and weather records from southeastern Washington. 相似文献
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REVIEW ON LOCAL SCOUR DUE TO JETS 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ArindamSARKAR SubhasishDEY 《国际泥沙研究》2004,19(3):210-238
The safety of an apron of the energy dissipator is threatened by the large-scale scour in the downstream of the apron due to the erosive action of a horizontal jet issuing from a sluice opening. Also, large-scale deposition of the scoured sediments due to an impinging jet in a plunging pool type energy dissipator affects the passage of flow adversely in the downstream channels. Owing to the significant practical importance, the problem of local scour due to jets has been studied by many investigators, In this paper, a comprehensive review of the up-to-date investigations on local scour due to horizontal and impinging jets is presented including all possible aspects, such as scouring process, parameters affecting scour, time variation of scour velocity distribution on the apron and within the scour hole, development of boundary layer thickness, bed shear stress, scour estimation formulas and protection works. 相似文献
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华南沿海地表红土地球化学特性变异的自然因素与人类活动干预 总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3
文章对珠江三角洲和粤西地区地表表层红土的地球化学指标和矿物学指标进行了研究。研究结果表明,全岩的化学蚀变指数(CIA)值主要代表自然作用下化学风化的强度;而硅铝率(或Al2O3SiO2比值)和(高岭石+伊利石)石英比值在全岩研究中代表化学风化与侵蚀作用的共同强度;Al2O3SiO2比值与CIA值的相关关系可以作为区分化学风化作用自然因素变化与侵蚀作用加剧的一种新的分析方法:当样品CIA值异常偏离趋势线时,反映出自然化学风化作用的异常变化,而Al2O3SiO2比值的异常偏离则可能反映了表层侵蚀作用的加剧;结合当地自然环境和人类活动的特点,可以推断人为因素对表层红土剖面地球化学特征变异的干预和对侵蚀作用加剧的贡献 相似文献
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1INTRODUCTION Gully erosion has been investigated by many researchers throughout the world.Their studies have focused on how the process evolves and on a better understanding of the sub-processes that take place in gully erosion(Small and Clark,1982;Morgan,1986;Hasset and Banwart,1992;Boardman and Favis-Mortlock,1993;Selby,1993;Goudie and Viles,1997;Guerra and Favis-Mortlock,1998;Favis-Mortlock and Guerra,1999,2000;Figueiredo,2003;Garcia and Guerra,2003).Soil properties,rainfall re… 相似文献