Accessibility for High Asia： Comparative Perspectives on Northern Pakistan＇s Traffic Infrastructure and Linkages with Its Neighbours in the Hindukush-Karakoram- Himalaya     

HermannKreutzmann 《山地科学学报》2004,1(3):193-210

Starting with a discussion of development concepts which were applied in practice and which followed the developmentalist paradigm the expansion of traffic infrastructure in colonial and post-colonial periods is presented for the High Asian mountain rim. Selective railways and roads are the major feature of this development, which aimed first on serving the convenience of hill station visitors and followed strategic considerations later on. This bias between regional planning and implementation remains a characteristic feature. At the same time traffic infrastructure without asphalt roads is important for the mountain areas, thus breaking up the strong correlation between development and asphalt roads.  相似文献   

中欧大陆滑雪游览胜地 乃卜河奥得河摩拉瓦河的发源地 波罗的海与黑海流域的分水岭 苏台德山以石海冰峰温泉古堡石崖瀑布等壮美景观提靓了其地名韵姿     

谭义 《中国地名》2012,(2):58-58

苏台德山位于欧洲中部,地处波兰、捷克和德意志联邦三国边境交界处,西北至东南走向,全长300多公里,山体宽度为32～48公里,是中欧的旅游胜地。名称来源于词根sud,意为南部,苏台德山脉就是南部山脉的意思,名称可能是位于北部的人命名的。苏台德山主要由花岗岩、片麻岩、页岩和玄武岩构成,由西、中、东三支山脉组成,山上诸峰大多平顶,西  相似文献   

誉为北美洲“脊骨”的名山 称为科迪勒拉山系的名山 冠为纵贯美国全境的名山 美国落基山全景扫描     

任飞 《中国地名》2012,(4):57-58

落基山是美国西部地区的主要山脉,是科迪勒拉山系的一组名山,被称为北美洲的"脊骨"。巍峨的落基山脉绵延起伏,自北向南,有数千公里之长。整个落基山脉由众多小山脉组成,其中有名称的  相似文献   

地壳拉张的筏状模式：来自亚利桑那东南部地震反射资料的证据     

Krug.  JM 黄子齐 《海洋地质》1996,(1):79-85

亚利桑那东南部Ｐｉｎａｌｅｎｏ山脉核复合体之下的弧状地震反射带是脆性变形的中、下地壳抬升带。反射带的顶对应Ｓａｆｆｏｒｄ盆地之下推测的中第三系滑脱断层的底，但与滑脱断层分叉后为一个明显的糜棱岩前端。在Ｐｉｎａｌｅｎｏ山脉之下－１．９秒深度处构成一个顶峰。从这一顶峰开始向反射带西南倾斜。在ＥａｇｌｅＰａｓｓ滑脱断层之下穿过，至相对未伸的Ｇａｉｌｕｒｏ山脉的上地壳之下变平位置约为４．８秒深度（－１３．  相似文献   

黄山地区短时强降雨的地形增幅机制     

刘裕禄  杜其成  黄勇 《气象》2017,43(2):181-188

应用黄山地区191个地面自动观测站资料,统计分析了201 5年发生在黄山地区短时强降雨时空分布。统计发现:发生短时强降雨过程次数在午后及傍晚(14和18时)时段中明显增多;黄山山脉及其附近是短时强降雨多发生的中心地带,发生短时强降雨次数分布与山脉形态一致、和地形高度相关,短时强降雨与地形关系密切。分别利用三个典型个例分析了山脉地形动力阻拦和热力对短时强降雨的增幅作用,结果表明:(1)山脉地形迎风坡处因地形抬升速度与地面辐合线相配合降雨增强,水汽收支方法诊断计算降雨增量可达6成;(2)锋面过境山脉时垂直扰动增强水平位温梯度增大锋生,在背风坡处地面涡度、上升运动增强,导致降水增幅;(3)山脉西南区域因地面感热通量差异形成热低压,在该区域增暖增湿,大气不稳定增强,受冷平流影响形成强对流天气,导致山区降水增幅。  相似文献   

江南大陆——扬子江以南之加里东宁山脉   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄汲清 《地质论评》1941,6(Z2):293-294

扬子江以南之沅水流域,汨罗水流域,修水流域,乐安江及之江以北,户山黄山以南之地域,亦即桂之极北,黔之东湘之西及北,赣之北,皖之极南,浙之西北,泥盆纪以前地层,包括震旦前纪,震旦纪,寒武纪,奥陶纪及志留纪,分布甚广,造成一约略  相似文献   

侵蚀是陆内山脉生长的驱动机制     

Avou.  JP 唐传海 《世界地震译丛》1999,(2):20-34

自然中的山脉作为局部构造特征可以在很长的时间内生长并维持。可是,如果根据现 岩石充变学知识,忽略地表过程,任何陆内山脉,当其宽度超过可以由岩石的强度所支持的程度时,将会在几十百万年内塌陷。例如,考虑由石英为主体的地壳流变性,使其地壳根侧向扩展遥结果,一条初始地形起伏为３ｋｍ高、３００－４００ｋｍ宽的山脉在大约１５Ｍａ内将被消减一半。我们认为地表过程事实上能够阻止这种“地下塌陷”。物质在高地形处的运  相似文献   

宁镇中段夕卡岩型铜多金属矿床多元信息成矿预测初步研究          下载免费PDF全文

张术根  余旭辉  徐莺 《地质找矿论丛》2011,26(2):167-175

宁镇中段铜多金属矿床主要为接触交代型矿床.文章以地质环境和成矿规律研究为基础,采用逻辑信息法综合提取地质、遥感、地球物理和地球化学多层次成矿预测信息,构建逻辑信息法成矿预测要素组合.并以此为指导,按照地质成矿条件有利程度、物化探异常强度与规模、环形构造发育程度、遥感解译蚀变显现强度与规模,进行综合判别确定成矿有利位置,...  相似文献   

Changes in Agricultural Biodiversity： Implications for Sustainable Livelihood in the Himalaya   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

K.G.Saxena R.K.Maikhuri K.S.Rao 《山地科学学报》2005,2(1):23-31

Himalayan mountain system is distinguished globally for a rich biodiversity and for its role in regulating the climate of the South Asia.Traditional crop-livestock mixed farming in the Himalaya is highly dependent on forests for fodder and manure prepared from forest leaf litter and livestock excreta. Apart from sustaining farm production, forests provide a variety of other tangible and intangible benefits, which are critical for sustainable livelihood of not only 115 million mountain people, but also many more people living in the adjoining plains. Extension of agricultural landuse coupled with replacement of traditional staple food crops by cash crops and of multipurpose agroforestry trees by fruit trees are widespread changes. Cultivation of Fagopyrum esculentum,Fagopyrum tataricum, Panicum miliaceum, Setaria italica and Pisum arvense has been almost abandoned. Increasing stress on cash crops is driven by a socio-cultural change from subsistence to market economy facilitated by improvement in accessibility and supply of staple food grains at subsidized price by the government. Farmers have gained substantial economic benefits from cash crops. However, loss of agrobiodiversity implies more risks to local livelihood in the events of downfall in market price/demand of cash crops, termination of supply of staple food grains at subsidized price, pest outbreaks in a cash crop dominated homogeneous landscape and abnormal climate years. Indigenous innovations enabling improvement in farm economy by conserving and/enhancing agrobiodiversity do exist, but are highly localized. The changes in agrobiodiversity are such that soil loss and run-off from the croplands have dramatically increased together with increase in local pressure on forests. As farm productivity is maintained with forest-based inputs, continued depletion of forest resources will result in poor economic returns from agriculture to local people,apart from loss of global benefits from Himalayan forests. Interventions including improvement in traditional manure and management of on-farm trees,participatory development of agroforestry in degraded forest lands and policies favoring economic benefits to local people from non-timber forest products could reduce the risks of decline in agricultural biodiversity and associated threats to livelihoods and Himalayan ecosystems.  相似文献   

New technologies and systems for high quality citrus fruit production,labor-saving and orchard construction in mountain areas of Japan   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

KunihisaMORINAG~ OsamuSUMIKAWA OsamuKAWAMOTO HiroyasuYOSHIKAWA SeijiNAKAO MasahikoSHIMAZAKI Shin-no-sukeKUSABA NorihiroHOSHI 《山地科学学报》2005,2(1):59-67

Novel technologies have been necessary for improving fruit quality and productivity of citrus,labor-saving and orchard conservation on steep slope lands since aging of growers and decrease in the number of successors is remarkable in mountain areas of southwestern Japan. The purpose of this paper is to introduce new technologies for improving citrus production that have been developed in recent years. A new fruit quality control system using drip irrigation and liquid fertilization technique combined with year-round plastic mulching was developed, and it enables high quality and stable citrus fruit production. Water and/or nutrient solution is automatically supplied through drip tubes that are laid under the mulching sheets to give adequate water stress, so as to improve sugar and acid content of fruit. A new transportation system for steep sloping citrus orchards, which is a combination of the monorail system and contour narrow paths, was suggested. A small walking cultivator was developed to explain the procedure of narrow path excavation. After introducing the narrow path, working hours for fertilizer and chemicalherbicide application were reduced. Disasterpr evention mapping of citrus orchards on slope landswas developed based on computer-aided seepage estimation and topographic data. The mapping can show zones of both ascending flow and descendingflow of underground water during heavy rains incitrus orchards. The mapping is considered to be effective for the management of orchards andprevention of erosion on slope lands.  相似文献