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泰来县地处黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古三省（区）交界处，经济以农业为主，工业基础相对薄弱，全县辖8镇4乡，100个行政村，总人口32．6万人，其中农业人口65．3万人。总面积39．22万公顷，其中耕地1647．1万公顷，境内有6条大沙带，总长276公里。宅≯漠地表形态面积24．9万公顷，占总面积的63％，其中流动沙丘0．33万公顷，半流动沙丘7．1万公顷，固定沙丘9．6万公顷，潜在沙地7．9万公顷。全县有80％的人口生活在这6条沙带上，泰来县由于长期受地质和当地地理环境的作用，导致其生态地质环境较为脆弱，怎样进行地质环境恢复治理，加快沙地生态治理与生态地质环境建设的工作是新时期国土工作的新课题。 相似文献
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Widespread aeolian sediments have been found in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, China. The grain-size characteristics of sediments from Cha'er Section in the area were analyzed. The results show that the section include one stratum of paleo-mobile dunes, four strata of paleo-semi-fixed dunes, two strata of paleo-fixed dunes, one stratum of sandy immature soils. The paleo-mobile and paleo-somi-fixed dune sand in this section are similar to modern aeolian sand in either grain-size composition or Mz and σ distribution. Compared the above types of dunes each other, the content of sand substance decreases, while the content of silt and clay increases for palco-fixed dunes and sandy immature soils. Combined with age data for each stratum, the analysis shows that these strata are the products of climate changes and the evolution of aeolian landforms. The evolutionary sequence of the paleoclimate and of acolian activities in the valley since 8600 yr B.P. reveals four stages: 8600-5700 yr B.P., when the paleoclimate was cold and dry, with strong winds, thereby activating dunes; 5700-3600 yr B.P., when it was warm and wet, with weak winds, causing dunes to undergo soil-forming processes; 3600-1900 yr B.P., when climate shifted from cold-dry with strong winds to warm-wet with weak winds, and activated dunes were fixed again; and 1900 yr B.P. -present, when the climate became fine, with weak winds, fixing dunes again. 相似文献
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Carbon and nitrogen mineralization in soils along a desertification gradient in the semiarid Horqin Sandy Land, Northern China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This experiment was conducted in three sites along a desertification gradient in Horqin Sandy Land, Northern China. Soils una-mended and amended with five types of plant residue in a wide range of C:N ratios from 9.9 to 82.2 were incubated for 70 days, during which C and N mineralization were measured. Along the desertification gradient from fixed sand dune to semifixed, and mobile sand dune: cumulative CO2-C produced from the unamended soils was 231.6, 193.3 and 61.9 μg/g, respectively, while net inorganic N was 22.9, 17.6 and 0.9 mg/kg. Soils amended with residues produced more CO2-C than the unamended soils across all sites. During the first 10 days, C mineralization rate of residue-amended soils decreased with the increase of C:N ratio at each site. However, the mineralization rates were poorly correlated with the C:N ratio in subsequent stage of incubation. Soils of mobile sand dune amended with higher C:N ratio (more than 32) residues produced less CO2-C than that of fixed and semifixed sand dune. NO3--N was the predominant form of inorganic N during the mineralization process in sandy soils. Carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C:N) can be regarded as a predictor of the speed of N mineralization in sandy soil. The more C. microphylla residue with the lowest C:N ratio (9.9) added in soils, the more net inorganic N released. Our results suggest that C. microphylla residue when added to soil would potentially provide short-term plant available N and improve the soil quality in sandy land. The desertification process postponed the release of inorganic N from plant residues. 相似文献
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腾格里沙漠固定沙丘结皮层藓类植物的生态功能及与土壤环境因子的关系 总被引：32，自引：14，他引：18
通过1998-2001年的野外调查,沙坡头地区固定沙丘结皮层藓类植物共3科、11属、24种,新发现 8 个本地区新记录种。人工固定沙丘仅分布有7种藓类,而自然固定沙丘包括了所有的 24 种藓类,具有较高的物种多样性,构成了复杂的苔藓植物群落。沿坡向随高度的上升,藓类植物的盖度减少,而藻类植物的盖度却有上升的趋势。自然固定沙丘藓类植物盖度明显小于围封的人工固定沙丘。人工固定沙丘随着固定年限的增加,藓类植物的生物量明显增高,不同种类藓类植物的生物量明显不同,综合盖度因素,真藓拥有该地区最大的生物量。不同类型、不同种类的藓类植物结皮厚度和株高之间都存在显著的相关性(P < 0.01)。不同固定沙丘藓类结皮土壤的总盐量、阴、阳离子总量都明显高于藻结皮和流沙,苔藓结皮中苔藓植物体内Mg/Ca率在0.50~0.98之间,结皮土壤Ca2+含量明显高于其他3种离子,Na+、K+离子含量较少。苔藓植物生物量与土壤磷、土壤有机质呈明显正相关(P < 0.05),土壤pH值与土壤磷含量和苔藓植物生物量呈显著负相关(P 分别为 < 0.01 和 < 0.05),表明高的 pH值显著影响土壤磷含量和植物生物量。藓类结皮土壤中的有机质、全磷、全氮、速磷、速氮含量显著高于藻结皮的含量,尤其是有机质含量,藓类结皮都超过了1%的水平,在有机质含量普遍低于1%的沙区,对维持沙丘的稳定,促进维管植物的定居和繁殖起着极其重要的作用。 相似文献
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荒漠地区主要固沙灌木的降水截留特征 总被引：27，自引：2，他引：25
在草原化荒漠带沙坡头地区,利用草方格沙障并栽植灌木柠条和半灌木油蒿对流动沙丘进行固定,经过40a的演变,逐渐形成由矮灌木与草本植物覆盖的固定沙丘景观.降水是该地区唯一的补给水源,对维持荒漠生态系统的稳定持续发展具有极其重要的作用.试验对两种主要固沙(半)灌木单株植物冠层在自然降水条件下的截留损失水量、冠层截留容量以及截留率与降水属性参数的关系进行了分析,并利用固沙植物群落内植被盖度等指标将所测得单株植物冠层截留转换为一定群落水平上冠层对降水的分割效应.结果表明,不同灌木类型的群落之间对降水截留的影响存在显著差别,对盖度达34%的油蒿群落而言,当单株植物投影面积平均为3900cm2时,其冠层截留容量约为0.7mm,群落截留损失水量平均占年降水量的26 8%;而盖度达30%的柠条群落,当单株植物投影面积平均为4070cm2时,其冠层截留容量约为0.3mm,群落截留损失水量平均占年降水量的17%.当降水强度<0.5mm·h-1时,两种植物冠层截留水分与总降水量的比率随着降水强度的增加均呈明显的下降趋势;当降水强度>1mm·h-1时,油蒿冠层截留与总降水量的比率基本稳定在0.3～0.4,柠条冠层截留与总降水量的比率基本稳定在0.2～0.3之间,比油蒿群落冠层截留率低10%左右. 相似文献
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库布齐固定沙丘土壤微生物生物量的垂直分布研究 总被引：24，自引：8，他引：16
对库布齐固定沙丘土壤微生物生物量的垂直分布研究表明:①好气性细菌生物量的垂直分布是0~0.5cm(结皮层) > 0.5~10cm > 60~70cm > 30~40cm > 150~160cm,好气性细菌生物量的峰值在0~0.5cm(结皮层);②芽孢型细菌生物量的垂直分布是0.5~10cm > 0~0.5cm > 60~70cm > 30~40cm > 150~160cm,芽孢型细菌生物量的峰值在0.5~10cm;③厌气性细菌生物量的垂直分布是30~40cm=60~70cm > 0~0.5cm=0.5~10cm=150~160cm,厌气性细菌生物量的峰值在30~40cm和60~70cm;④丝状微生物生物量的垂直分布是0~0.5cm(结皮层) > 0.5~10cm > 30~40cm > 60~70cm > 150~160cm,丝状微生物生物量的峰值在0~0.5cm(结皮层);⑤库布齐固定沙丘土壤微生物生物量、土壤酶活性和养分含量的垂直分布相一致,均随土层深度增加而递减,具有明显的层次性。 相似文献