美国气象防灾减灾略览     

张庆阳 《气象知识》2012,(5):18-21

美国是气象灾害频发的国家,飓风、龙卷风、旱灾、洪涝灾害、雪灾等气象灾害造成的损失年均10亿美元以上。  相似文献   

The Springtime North Asia Cyclone Activity Index and the Southern Annular Mode   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

YUE Xu  WANG Huijun 《大气科学进展》2008,25(4):673-679

The relationship between the North Asia cyclone （NAC） activity and the Southern Annular Mode （SAM） is documented in this research. The definition of the NAC index （NACI） is based on the atmospheric relative vorticity in North Asia. The analysis yields a significant positive correlation between previous winter Southern Annular Mode index （SAMI） and spring NACI in the interannual variability, with a correlation coefficient of 0.51 during 1948-2000. Analysis of the NAC-related and SAM-related atmospheric general circulation variability demonstrates such a relationship. The study further reveals that when the winter SAM becomes strong, the springtime atmospheric convection in tropical western Pacific will intensify and the local Hadley circulation will be strengthened. As a result, the abnormal subsiding motion over South China makes the temperature gradient intensified in the low level and strengthens the jet in the high level, both of which are beneficial to the development of NAC activity.  相似文献   

“拉马德雷”冷位相时期的全球强震和灾害   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

杨冬红  杨学祥 《地震工程学报》2006,28(1):95-96

“拉马德雷”是一种高空气压流，亦称太平洋十年涛动，分别以“暖位相”和“冷位相”两种形式交替在太平洋上空出现，每种现象持续20年至30年。近100多年来“拉马德雷”已出现了两个完整的周期（见表1）。当“拉马德雷”现象以“暖位相”形式出现时，北美大陆附近海面的水温就会异常升高，而北太平洋洋面温度却异常下降。与此同时太平洋高空气流由美洲和亚洲两大陆向太平洋中央移动；低空气流正好相反，使中太平洋海面升高。当“拉马德雷”以“冷位相”形式出现时，情况正好相反。中太平洋海面反复升降导致地壳跷跷板运动，引发强烈的地震活动。  相似文献   

牙买加电厂厂址附近飓风数学模型计算分析     

朱军政  黄菊卿 《海洋预报》2003,20(1):38-43

本文应用二维飓风数学模型计算牙买加电厂厂址附近的风速和增水，根据计算得到的风速和增水，采用频率曲线计算不同频率的设计风速和不同频率的增水，根据组合频率法得到不同频率的设计高潮位。  相似文献   

“飓风”扫清“吃地虎”——伊川县粘土砖瓦窑厂治理整顿工作纪实     

钟世凯 《河南国土资源》2007,(8):28-28

2007年8月5日,伊川县江左乡王瑶村砖瓦窑厂。随着机械轰鸣声渐渐停下,意味着伊川县最后一座砖瓦窑厂复耕完成,这也标志着被称为"飓风  相似文献   

Interaction of typhoon and mesoscale vortex   总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14  

CHEN Lianshou  LUO Zhexian 《大气科学进展》2004,21(4):515-528

Under two types of initial tropical cyclone structures that are characterized by high and low vorticity zones, four sets of numerical experiments have been performed to investigate the interaction of a tropical cyclone with an adjacent mesoscale vortex (MSV) and its impact on the tropical cyclone intensity change,using a quasi-geostrophic barotropic vorticity equation model with a horizontal resolution of 0.5 km. The results suggest that the interaction of a tropical cyclone characterized by a high vorticity zonal structure and an MSV would result in an intensification of the cyclone. Its central pressure decreases by more than 14 hPa. In the process of tile interaction, the west and middle segments of the high vorticity zone evolve into two peripheral spiral bands of the tropical cyclone, and the merging of the east segment and the inward propagating MSV forms a new vorticity accumulation area, wherein the maximum vorticity is remarkably greater than that in the center of the initial tropical cyclone circulation. It is this process of merging and strengthening that causes a greater pressure decrease in the center of the tropical cyclone. This process is also more complicated than those that have been studied in the past, which indicated that only the inward transfer of vorticity of the MSV can result in the strengthening of the tropical cyclone.  相似文献   

THE DIAGNOSTIC ANALYSIS OF THE RAPID CHANGE IN TROPICAL CYCLONES INTENSITY BEFORE LANDFALL IN SOUTH CHINA     

胡春梅  端义宏  余晖  于润玲 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2005,11(2):220-221

1 INTRODUCTION Sudden changes in the intensity of the tropical cyclone (TC) are a difficult issue to be tackled.Few of the previous works dealt with the characteristics of large-scale circulation background of TCs that experience sudden intensity changes prior to landfall. Studies that do address the issue are only case-based, which do not isolate large-scale circulation background common to all cases,whether it be favorable or not. By diagnostically studying large-scale characteristics of two categories of TCs, one intensifying and the other weakening, suddenly, before making landfall on the area of South China, the current work attempts to support the prediction of TC intensity.  相似文献   

Global influenza in cold phase of Pacific Decade Oscillation     

YANG Donghong  YANG Debin  YANG Xuexiang 《世界地质(英文版)》2010,13(2):104-107

Based on the study of the cold phase of the Pacific Decade Oscillation, pandemic influenza is related to climate. The relation of low temperature, Pacific Decade Oscillation, strongest earthquake, Influenza, hurricane and El Nino is researched in this study. In the cold period of Pacific Decade Oscillation, the strongest earthquake, hurricane with La Nina, Pandemic Influenza with El Nino will occur stronger and stronger. From 1950 to 1976, the strongest dust-storm is connected with Pandemic Influenza one by one. So, dust-storm is one of factors to spread pandemic influenza viruses.  相似文献   

国外重大自然灾害区域重建规划的理念和启示   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王岱  张文忠  余建辉 《地理科学进展》2010,29(10)

5·12四川汶川地震,4·14青海玉树地震及8·7甘肃舟曲特大泥石流等突发性重特大自然灾害发生地区的灾后重建是非常复杂而漫长的工作.灾后重建规划是推进灾区恢复重建工作的重要依据,不断完善重建规划的理论和方法对提高我国综合减灾恢复重建能力意义重大.本研究通过系统梳理大量国际组织发表的文献资料,总结了1995年日本阪神地震、2004年印度洋地震海啸、2005年美国Katrina飓风的灾后重建规划及规划实施中的先进理念,分析提出积极推进今后我国在灾后重建过程中体现灾区民意和强化生产、生活氛围复兴(软环境重建)工作的重要意义.  相似文献   

“卡特里娜”飓风时间表     

林凛 《海洋世界》2005,(10):11-14

8月25日,星期四下午5时:美国国家飓风中心第一次正式使用“卡特里娜”飓风这个词,它是由热带风暴升级来的。下午7时:“卡特里娜”飓风在佛罗里达州登陆。8月26日,星期五上午11时30分:“卡特里娜”飓风升级为2  相似文献