A Study of the Characteristics of the Low-Frequency Circulation over the Tibetan Plateau and its Association with Precipitation in the Yangtze River Valley in 1998          下载免费PDF全文

ZHANG Ying  CHEN Longxun  HE Jinhai  LI Wei 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2009,23(2):175-190

The propagation characteristics of the atmospheric low frequency (LF, 30--60 days) oscillation (LFO) around the Tibetan Plateau from troposphere to stratosphere and its relationship with the floods over the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the summer of 1998 are studied, based on the GAME dataset from Meteorological Research Institute (MRI)/Japan Meteorological Agency, the TRMM satellite rainfall and the 730-station precipitation over China. The results show that the zonal propagation direction of LFOs in horizontal winds varies with seasons in the troposphere during May to August in 1998. The eastward propagation of LFOs is remarkable before the start of the rainy season in the Tibetan Plateau and the eastern Asian continent, while the westward propagation is significant after the start date. The northward LFOs from the south side of the plateau and the southward LFOs from the north are both significant before and after the start date. The plateau is a LFO sink in the meridional and zonal directions, but the west part of it is an intensifying area for the continual westward LFOs only after the start of the rainy season. Besides, the strongest LFOs occur at the tropopause (100 hPa) and rapidly decay after entering the stratosphere. The rainfall over the mid-low reaches of Yangtze River in the summer of 1998 exhibits two LFO cycles. According to the phases of the two rainfall LFO cycles, the composite analysesof precipitation distribution, LF circulations at 500 and 100 hPa,and LF vertical motion along 30°N are performed. It is the joint effect of the mid-upper tropospheric strong 30--60-day filtered cyclone (anticyclone) over the eastern plateau and the LFO anticyclone (cyclone) over the west subtropical Pacific that induces the whole layer LF descending (ascending) motion over the mid-lower reaches of Yangtze River, which provides the favorable condition for the break (maintenance) of precipitation.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地庆城地区延长组7段致密油特征及油源分析     

屈童  高岗  梁晓伟  孙明亮  尤源  李涛涛  冯顺彦  刘艳妮  费国勇 《地质论评》2023,69(1):2023010006-2023010006

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组7段(长7段）半深湖—深湖相优质油源岩是油气的重要来源,包括黑色页岩和暗色泥岩,作为盆地重要的供烃源岩一直是研究的热点。为了明确不同烃源岩的贡献及油气来源,通过对庆城地区长7段致密油特征进行分析,对原油进行精细划分,并对源岩有效性进行分析,进一步明确油源对应关系,研究表明,庆城地区长7段黑色页岩和暗色泥岩均对油气成藏有贡献,其中黑色页岩贡献最大,长73段暗色泥岩次之,长72和长71段暗色泥岩贡献较小;原油为低密度、中—低黏度和低凝固点的轻质油。根据生标物特征将原油划分为3类,A类原油具有低C30重排藿烷/C29藿烷、低C29Ts/C29藿烷、低Ts/Tm的特征,由黑色页岩贡献,主要分布于长71段;C类原油具有高C30重排藿烷/C29藿烷、高C29Ts/C29藿烷、高Ts/Tm的特征,主要由暗色泥岩贡献,数量较少且分布局限;B类油各项生标物参数均居中,为A、C类原油的混合,主要分布于长72段。由于黑色页岩生烃时间比暗色泥岩早,且原油黏度和密度更低,因此黑色页岩先生成低黏度A类原油易于向长72和长71段运移,而暗色泥岩后生成的C类原油主要近源富集与A类油混合分布于长72段,从而形成的A类油主要分布于长71段,B类油主要分布于长72段,而C类油分布局限的格局。这对下一步勘探开发及资源评价有重要意义。  相似文献   

印度洋—西太平洋对流涛动的季节内特征     

张净雯  李建平  李艳杰 《大气科学》2015,39(2):221-234

本文利用30~60天带通滤波资料, 考察了不同季节印度洋—西太平洋区域对流活动季节内尺度变率的主要模态, 发现在不同季节赤道东印度洋(5°S~10°N, 70°E~100°E)和西北太平洋(5°N~20°N, 110°E~160°E)对流活动均存在反相变化的关系, 将之称为季节内尺度的印度洋—西太平洋对流涛动(Indo-West Pacific Convection Oscillation), 简称IPCO。对IPCO两极子区域对流活动进行超前滞后相关分析, 发现IPCO事件形成—发展—消亡的生命周期是由对流活动季节内振荡及其传播造成的。对流扰动首先在赤道中西印度洋形成, 随后逐渐向东发展变强, 在其继续变强的过程中将分两支传播:一支由赤道印度洋向北传播, 至印度半岛南部后逐渐减弱消失;另一支沿赤道继续东传, 在海洋大陆受到抑制, 快速越过海洋大陆到达赤道西太平洋后又开始发展变强, 随后北传至西北太平洋区域逐渐减弱, 最终至我国长江流域中下游到日本区域消失。将这一过程划分为8个位相, 详细分析了不同位相对应的环流场和降水场特征, 最后给出了IPCO事件演化示意图。  相似文献   

Equilibrium trading of climate and weather risk and numerical simulation in a Markovian framework   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

Sébastien Chaumont  Peter Imkeller  Matthias Müller 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2006,20(3):184-205

We consider financial markets with agents exposed to external sources of risk caused, for example, by short-term climate events such as the South Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies widely known by the name El Nino. Since such risks cannot be hedged through investments on the capital market alone, we face a typical example of an incomplete financial market. In order to make this risk tradable, we use a financial market model in which an additional insurance asset provides another possibility of investment besides the usual capital market. Given one of the many possible market prices of risk, each agent can maximize his individual exponential utility from his income obtained from trading in the capital market, the additional security, and his risk-exposure function. Under the equilibrium market-clearing condition for the insurance security the market price of risk is uniquely determined by a backward stochastic differential equation. We translate these stochastic equations via the Feynman–Kac formalism into semi-linear parabolic partial differential equations. Numerical schemes are available by which these semilinear pde can be simulated. We choose two simple qualitatively interesting models to describe sea surface temperature, and with an ENSO risk exposed fisher and farmer and a climate risk neutral bank three model agents with simple risk exposure functions. By simulating the expected appreciation price of risk trading, the optimal utility of the agents as a function of temperature, and their optimal investment into the risk trading security we obtain first insight into the dynamics of such a market in simple situations.

Peter ImkellerEmail:

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十一运会开幕式消（减）雨作业数值模拟研究     

樊明月  张佃国  王永政  刘文  李连银  华杰 《气象科技》2010,38(Z1):60-67

利用中科院大气所开发并发展的三维对流云模式对十一届全运会开幕式当天影响山东的对流过程进行了数值模拟和过量催化试验。结果表明模拟自然云与观测事实吻合较好;设计96组催化方案对该个例进行消(减)雨模拟试验、催化试验表明,在模拟云3.5km高度的最大过冷水含量中心引入3600.0g碘化银催化剂,连续催化消(减)雨效果较好(地面降水总量减少97.5%),此次模拟对比分析了模拟自然云与催化云,从微观上探讨了消(减)雨的基本原理,模拟所用催化剂量、催化部位与当天山东人影办的作业实际基本一致,对指导实际作业有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

Nonlinear three- wave interaction among barotropic rossby waves in a large- scale forced barotropic flow     

Luo Dehai 《大气科学进展》1999,16(3):451-466

In this paper, the coupling equations describing nonlinear three-wave interaction among Rossby waves including the forcing of an external vorticity source are obtained. Under certain conditions, the coupling equations with a constant amplitude forcing, the stability analysis indi-cates that when the amplitude of the external forcing increases to a certain extent, a pitchfork bifurcation occurs. Also, it is shown from numerical results that the bifurcation can lead to chaotic behavior of “strange” attractor. For the obtained three-variable equation, when the amplitude of modulated external forcing gradually increases, a period-doubling bifurcation is found to lead to chaotic behavior. Thus, in a nonlinear three-wave coupling model in the large-scale forced barotropic atmospheric flow, chaotic behavior can be observed. This chaotic behavior can explain in part 30-60-day low-frequency oscillations observed in mid-high latitudes.  相似文献   

Bestimmung polarer Phosphorsäureester in Trink‐ und Oberflächenwasser mittels HPLC‐MS‐MS     

Michaela Ventker  Friedrich Werres  Peter Balsaa  Peter Winterhalter  Horst Overath 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2004,32(1):40-47

Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Water by HPLC‐MS‐MS In the EC Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EG and in CEC 76/464/EEC there are 16 organophosphorus pesticides (insecticides and acaricides) listed which belong to so‐called priority substances. The committed quality aims of these substances frequently require maximum concentrations below 0.1 μg/L. In this paper a HPLC‐MS‐method is described. The reported limits of determination of organophosphorus pesticides are lower than the demanded limits. High analytical sensitivity is reached by solid‐phase extraction (SPE) and by injecting large volumes. For some of these substances no sample enrichment is needed and low detection limits are obtained by direct injection of the original water sample.  相似文献   

北半球副热带—中纬度太平洋大气季节内扰动的纬向传播与东亚夏季旱涝   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

韩荣青  李维京  董敏 《气象学报》2006,64(2):149-163

用时空滤波和Morlet小波方法,分析了1958—2000年夏季东亚(20°—45°N,110°—135°E)不同纬带(由南到北分为4个区域)的降水分别与太平洋同一纬带上大气30—60 d振荡(ISO)沿纬圈传播的关系及其成因机制。发现太平洋上经向风ISO向西传播的强或弱,是东亚夏季风区降水偏多或偏少的必要条件。对逐年夏季的分析表明,无论当年东亚夏季风强与否,在所划分的几个东亚季风区所有涝的年份里,太平洋同一纬带上大气ISO向西传播都明显较强,而在这些区域绝大多数旱的年份里,相应的ISO向西传播明显较弱。进一步分析发现,经向风ISO的纬向传播对应着大气经向型环流系统的移动,向西传影响东亚夏季风区降水的ISO有来自低纬中东太平洋东风流中的低频气旋(如副热带东风带中ISO的演变);也有来自中高纬度阿拉斯加湾及鄂霍次克海一带低频低压(如洋中槽)和高压(如阻塞高压和东北太平洋高压)的向南向西频散。因此东亚夏季旱涝不但与热带季风有关,而且与中东太平洋副热带东风系统中ISO的向西传播、中高纬度长波调整时低频扰动向西南经北太平洋副热带的传播密切相关。  相似文献   

成都市数字化地震及前兆观测网建设和展望     

袁海良  宋杰 《四川地震》2006,(3):15-22

本文着重介绍了成都市的地震监测工作状况。在“九五”、“十五”期间,成都市加大了对地震监测基础设施建设的投入,先后建成了成都市数字遥测地震台网(含一期工程、二期工程)和成都市数字电磁波观测台网,改造了成都市地震监测中心。根据成都市现有地震监(观)测能力,“十一五”期间,将继续加强成都市的地震监(观)测工作,从防震减灾的角度提升成都市的综合竞争力。  相似文献   

第11届国际土动力学和地震工程会议及第13届世界地震工程会议砂土液化研究综述   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

孙锐  袁晓铭 《世界地震工程》2006,22(1):15-20

最近国际上土动力学和岩土地震工程方面召开了两次重大学术会议,即2004年1月在美国Berkeley召开的第11届国际土动力学和地震工程学术会议(11thSDEE)以及和2004年8月在加拿大温哥华召开的第13届世界地震工程大会(13thWCEE),对这两次会议中有关砂土液化方面的研究进行综述,力求反映液化研究方面的最新研究进展和发展趋势。  相似文献