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61.
国际卫星红外大气探测器发展新特点 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
为了深入了解国际卫星红外大气探测仪器的新特点,推动其资料应用,以美国NASA Aqua卫星装载的高光谱红外大气探测仪器AIRS(Atmospheric Infrared Sounder)为例,介绍卫星红外探测仪研发背景、仪器特征、研制技术、数据产品处理和应用。研究表明,AIRS开辟了卫星大气探测的新时代,它为其他未升空的高光谱仪器提供了不可或缺的研究资料,对将装载于我国风云卫星的高光谱红外大气垂直探测仪器的研制具有重大的参考价值。 相似文献
62.
上对流层水汽分布对于全球能量和水循环具有非常重要的影响。利用美国Aqua卫星红外高光谱仪器（AIRS）反演的湿度廓线资料对中国上对流层水汽时空分布特征进行了分析。为了保证卫星反演湿度廓线产品精度可以满足气候特征分析的需求,首先利用JICA野外加密探空试验观测数据对卫星反演湿度廓线进行了真实性检验,分析表明,Aqua卫星搭载的AIRS反演的湿度廓线与探空加密观测数据总体具有较好的相关性,在200 hPa高度相对湿度偏差在5%以内,其精度可以用于上对流层水汽气候特征的分析。通过趋势分析以及EOF分解等方法,分析了2003年1月-2013年12月的中国区域上对流层水汽时空分布特征,结果表明,受夏季风影响,中国区域上对流层水汽具有明显的季节变化规律和年周期特征,中国大部分地区上对流层冬季偏干、夏季偏湿,夏季高湿区可以北移到35°N以北。而在新疆地区冬季偏湿、夏季偏干。总体来说,全年夏季水汽含量最高,秋季次之,冬季最小。2003年以来新疆地区及南部海域上对流层水汽呈显著增加趋势,华南、华北、内蒙古中西部水汽也有所增加,在高原地区及东北区域上对流层水汽稍有减少,但变化均不显著。上对流层水汽的增加,将有可能放大温室效应,在气候变化研究中应给予重视。 相似文献
63.
1. IntroductionThe development of global climate and weathermodels requires accurate monitoring of atmospherictemperature and moisture profiles, as well as the con-tents of trace gases and aerosols. It is quite difficultto monitor continuously these parameters on a globalscale.Until recently. AIRS (Atmospheric InfraredSounder) offers a new opportunity to improve globalmonitoring of temperature, moisture, and ozone distri-butions and changes therein. The high spectral resolu-tion (v/Δv ? 12… 相似文献
64.
The cloud-detection procedure developed by McNally and Watts （MW03） was added to the Weather Research and Forecasting Data Assimilation System. To provide some guidelines for setting up cloud-detection schemes, this study compares the MW03 scheme to the Multivariate and Minimum Residual （MMR） scheme for both simulated and real Advanced Infrared Sounder （AIRS） radiances. Results show that there is a high level of consistency between the results from simulated and real AIRS data. As expected, both cloud-detection schemes perform well in finding the cloud-contaminated channels based on the channels＇ peak levels. The cloud- detection results from MW03 are sensitive to the prescribed brightness temperature innovation threshold and brightness temperature gradient threshold. When increasing the brightness temperature innovation threshold for MW03 to roughly eight times the default threshold, the two cloud-detection schemes produce consistent data rejection distributions overall for high channels. MMR generally retains more data for long-wave channels. For both cloud-detection schemes, there is a high level of consistency between the cloud-free pixels and the visible/near-IR （Vis/NIR） cloud mask. 相似文献
65.
Impact of 4DVAR Assimilation of AIRS Total Column Ozone Observations on the Simulation of Hurricane Earl 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder(AIRS) provides twice-daily global observations of brightness temperature, which can be used to retrieve the total column ozone with high spatial and temporal resolution.In order to apply the AIRS ozone data to numerical prediction of tropical cyclones, a four-dimensional variational(4DVAR) assimilation scheme on selected model levels is adopted and implemented in the mesoscale non-hydrostatic model MM5. Based on the correlation between total column ozone and potential vorticity(PV), the observation operator of each level is established and five levels with highest correlation coefficients are selected for the 4DVAR assimilation of the AIRS total column ozone observations. The results from the numerical experiments using the proposed assimilation scheme for Hurricane Earl show that the ozone data assimilation affects the PV distributions with more mesoscale information at high levels first and then influences those at middle and low levels through the so-called asymmetric penetration of PV anomalies.With the AIRS ozone data being assimilated, the warm core of Hurricane Earl is intensified, resulting in the improvement of other fields near the hurricane center. The track prediction is improved mainly due to adjustment of the steering flows in the assimilation experiment. 相似文献
66.
East China (23.6°–38.4°N, 113.6°–122.9°E) is the largest developed region in China. Based on CO2 products retrieved from the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT), the spatial and temporal distributions of CO2 mixing ratios in East China during 2014–17 are discussed, and the retrieved CO2 from AIRS (Atmospheric Infrared Sounder) and OCO-2 (Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2), as well as WLG (Waliguan) background station observations, are compared with those of GOSAT. The annual CO2 retrieved from GOSAT in East China ranged from 398.96 ± 0.24 ppm in 2014 to 407.39 ± 0.20 ppm in 2017, with a growth rate of 2.82 ± 0.15 ppm yr?1, which were higher than in other regions of China. The seasonal cycle presented a maximum in spring and a minimum in summer or autumn. Higher values were mainly concentrated in the coastal areas of Zhejiang Province, and lower values were concentrated in Jiangxi and the north of Fujian Province. CO2 observed in Fujian and parts of Jiangxi increased by less than 1.0 ppm during 2014–15, but enhanced significantly by more than 5.0 ppm during 2015–16, perhaps influenced by local emissions and global impacts. We calculated year-to-year CO2 enhancements in the Yangtze River Delta region during 2014–17 that were relatively low and stable, due to the region’s carbon emissions control and reduction policies. The annual and seasonal amplitudes of CO2 retrieved from AIRS were lower than those from GOSAT in East China, probably owing to the CO2 retrieved from AIRS better reflecting the characteristics of the mid-troposphere, while GOSAT is more representative of near-surface CO2. The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of CO2 retrieved from OCO-2 were close to those from GOSAT in East China. 相似文献
67.
基于AQUA AIRS传感器提取了2014年2月12日新疆于田MS7.3地震前后CO和O3数据, 讨论了数据变化与地震活动的关系。 差值法和异常指数法结果表明, 于田地震后CO和O3在3月份达到最大异常, 且气体柱浓度异常沿NE向发震构造呈线性分布; 不同高度的CO和O3的VMR值变化与差值法和异常指数法得到的结果相吻合; 地震前后短时间内CO和O3气体柱浓度出现下降, 且地震当月最低。 初步推断可能是阿尔金断裂尾部在SW向运动过程中使得震区断裂带在弹性挤压状态下出现闭锁, 气体不流通导致; CO和O3异常更多的可能是由于田地震引起地下气体大量释放, 其次可能是与地下气体逸散在大气圈中发生的一系列化学反应有关。 研究表明, 卫星高光谱遥感数据获得的CO和O3的地球化学信息与地震有密切联系, 在地震监测及预测领域具有重要的应用价值。 相似文献