寒冻风化控制的祁连山风化碎屑的空间分布     

洪洋  耿豪鹏  潘保田 《冰川冻土》2022,44(4):1347-1356

寒冻风化是冰缘地貌区及高寒山区的主要物理风化过程,其提供的风化碎屑物质是该区域崩塌等灾害性地貌过程的主要物质来源。由于寒冻风化对基岩的破碎是由温度控制的累积过程,过去温度变化对地貌演化具有重要意义,但其时间尺度的选取尚需进一步探究。因此本文选取祁连山北部为研究区,通过对比分析风化碎屑的空间分布特征与不同时间尺度温度变化控制的平均寒冻风化强度的空间分布特征,探讨干旱半干旱高寒山区风化碎屑空间分布的主要控制因素。结果显示,万年尺度及十万年尺度平均寒冻风化强度的高值与风化碎屑边界存在较好的空间一致性,祁连山西段万年尺度平均寒冻风化强度的高值与风化碎屑边界的空间相关性优于十万年尺度。本研究同时指出,温度升高导致寒冻风化的作用区向高海拔区域移动,进而产生新的高风险灾害区域。本研究强调寒冻风化对灾害性地貌过程的调控作用,为全球变暖背景下灾害性地貌过程的预测提供了新的思路,可以成为防灾减灾决策的重要参考。  相似文献   

Research progress and prospect of snow avalanche disaster prevention and control北大核心CSCD     

Hao J.  Li L. 《冰川冻土》2022,(3):722-770

Snow avalanches are a major natural hazard in the cryosphere. It seriously threatens transportation corridors, energy transmission and communication lines, mining and touristic areas in the cold mountainous regions and often causes the destruction of infrastructure and human casualties, hindering the sustainable development of society and economy in mountainous areas. Under climate change and the expansion of human activities to alpine mountains, more population and infrastructure will expose to the risk of avalanches. In order to ensure the sustainable development in mountainous areas, the demand for the prevention and management of avalanche disasters is increasing. Based on the review of the main avalanche research progress in China since 1960 and the avalanche research results all over the world, this paper summarized the progress on the influencing factors and regional distribution of avalanche activities, avalanche formation and movement mechanism, avalanche monitoring and early warning, avalanche risk assessment and engineering prevention, as well as the frontier problems and scientific difficulties that need to be studied. In addition, the impact of climate change on avalanche activities and the interaction between human activities and avalanche activities are discussed. By looking forward to the future needs of avalanche disaster prevention and reduction, including the countermeasures, the research on avalanche in China is promoted. © 2022 by the Author(s).  相似文献   

中线调水前汉江中下游水量和水质本底特性及变化趋势分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

李雨  王雪  周波  袁德忠  陈金凤 《水文》2015,35(5):82-90

为研究南水北调中线工程调水前,汉江中下游的水量和水质本底特性及变化趋势,选择汉江中下游6个水文站及4个水质观测断面,采用数理统计、Mann-Kendall检验和Spearman秩次检验法,分别从水量和水质两个方面进行了分析。研究结果表明:(1)对比分析历史长序列流量资料,1999~2013年间汉江中下游地区处于偏枯期;(2)汉江中下游水量的年际变化较大,极值比介于2.7~3.3之间。水量年内各月分配变化也较大,汛期径流量占全年的63%~66%,非汛期仅占全年的34%~37%;(3)汉江中下游地区各水文测站的年均流量序列,总体上随时间变化的趋势均不显著,但经历了1980~1990的偏丰期及1990~2013的偏枯期;(4)汉江中下游地区的水质达标情况较好,大部分年份的水质均优于III类水质标准,且水质无显著的变化趋势。  相似文献   

Secondary Calcification of Planktic Foraminifera from the Indian Sector of Southern Ocean     

Rahul MOHAN  Suhas S. SHETYE  Manish TIWARI  Narayanpillai ANILKUMAR 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(1):27-37

This study focused on planktic foraminifera in plankton tows and surface sediments from the western Indian sector of Southern Ocean in order to evaluate the potential foraminiferal secondary calcification and/or dissolution in the sediment. It is found that the symbiotic foraminiferal species are abundant in the subtropical region, whereas non-symbiotic species dominate in the sub-Antarctic and polar frontal regions. The distribution of the symbiotic and non-symbiotic foraminiferal species is controlled by temperature, salinity, light, nutrients and phytoplankton biomass. There is also a lateral southern extent in abundance of planktic foraminifera from surface sediments to plankton tows. The shell weights of the planktic foraminifera N. pachyderma, G. bulloides and G. ruber within the surface sediments are on an average heavier by 27%, 34% and 40% respectively than shells of the same size within the plankton tows, indicative of secondary calcification. The planktic foraminiferal isotopes show the presence of heavier isotopes in the surface sediment foraminifera as compared to plankton tows, thus confirming secondary calcification. Secondary calcification in G. ruber occurs in the euphotic zone, whereas in case of N. pachyderma and G. bulloides it is at deeper depths. We also observed a decrease in the shell spines in surface sediment foraminifera as compared to plankton tows, indicative of the morphological changes that foraminifera underwent during gametogenesis.  相似文献   

云南腾冲青海湖泊沉积物物化参数的特点、环境意义及末次冰消期以来气候环境变化     

刘亚生  常凤琴  张虎才  牛洁  段立曾  李华勇  文新宇  吴汉 《第四纪研究》2015,35(4)

根据对云南腾冲青海湖泊沉积钻孔样品的粒度特征、总有机碳、碳酸盐、磁化率及年代学分析测试,探讨了各指标的变化特点及其环境指示意义,指出了云南高原湖泊沉积物化指标的特殊性及其变化特点.在此基础上,重建了云南腾冲地区末次冰消期(15830a B.P.)以来沉积环境与气候干湿变化历史.通过青海沉积物年代序列的重建和综合各物化参数分析得出,云南腾冲地区自15830a B.P.以来总体呈现冷湿-温湿-暖干-温和偏干的气候演变过程,并可分为4个阶段,即15830～12790a B.P.气候温凉偏湿;12790～4680a B.P.为温暖湿润期,湖泊水位高,气候湿暖,降水多;4680～312a B.P.气候特征呈现出从温湿到暖干气候逐渐演化,降水减少,湖泊水位下降;312a B.P.以来气候特征为前期温和湿润,后期具有暖干化特征,反映了近几十年来全球气候变暖导致的气候变化趋势并叠加了研究区人类活动对区域环境的影响.  相似文献   

遥感的科学推动作用与重点应用领域   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wu Bingfang  Xing Qiang 《地球科学进展》2015,30(7):751-762

在调研国内外遥感案例的基础上,论述了遥感在推动地球系统科学发展方面的作用,及在我国的重点应用领域。遥感催生了全球变化研究,使得人类得以从新的视角来探索地球上的生命未来;遥感推动了地球科学从定性到定量、从描述到分析、从单站点到多时空尺度的变革,诸多新兴交叉学科应运而生。遥感是应用驱动的,一致性及可对比性是定量遥感的核心,也是遥感深化应用的基础。遥感应用于众多领域,但不同的国家基于各自的国情有不同的侧重点,其中,维护国家全球利益、灾害快速响应与灾后评估、第三方独立监督、保障国防安全是我国的应用重点。  相似文献   

三大自然区过渡地带近50年来气候类型变化及其对气候变化的响应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Li Yu  Zhu Gengrui 《地球科学进展》2015,30(7):791-801

The transition area of three natural zones (Eastern Monsoon Region, Arid Region of Northwest China, Qinghai Tibet Plateau Region) is influenced by the Asian monsoon and middle latitude westerly circulation because of its special geographical position. And it is more sensitive to global climate change. The Koppen climate classification, which is widely used in the world, and the accumulated temperature-dryness classification, which is usually used in China, were used to study the climate zones and changes in the region of longitude 97.5°~108°E, latitude 33°~41.5°N, from 1961 to 2010. The changing areas of each climate zone were compared to the East Asian Summer Monsoon index, the South Asian Summer Monsoon index, the Summer Westerly index, the East Asian Winter Monsoon index, the Plateau Summer Monsoon index, the North Atlantic Oscillation index, the Southern Oscillation index, NINO3.4 index, to explore the response of the transition area of three natural zones to each climate system. According to the results, this region will become wetter when the Summer Westerly or the East Asian Winter Monsoon is relatively strong. When the East Asian Summer Monsoon or the South Asian Summer Monsoon becomes strong, the climate in low altitude region of the study area will easily become drier, and the climate in high altitude region of the study area is easily to become wetter. When the Plateau Summer Monsoon is relatively strong, the climate in the study area will easily become drier. When the North Atlantic Oscillation is relatively strong, the study area will easily become wetter. And when the El Niño is relatively strong, or the Southern Oscillation is relatively weak, the study area will easily become drier. In general, the moisture status of this region is mainly controlled by the middle latitude westerly circulation. The enhancement of the Asian summer monsoon could increase the precipitation in the southeast part of this regional, but, according to the degrees of dryness and the types of climate change in this paper, warming effects could offset precipitation increasing and make the area drier. The transition area of three natural zones is influenced by multiple interactions of climate systems from East Asia. A single climatic index, such as air temperature or precipitation, can not completely represent the regional features of climate change. As a result, areas of climate zones can be used as an important index in the regional climate change assessment.  相似文献   

An Review of International Climate Change Conference and Analysis on Recent Hot Issues     

Zeng Jingjing  Qu Jiansheng  Pei Huijuan  Dong Liping  Liao Qin  Liu Yanfei  Zhang Zhiqiang 《地球科学进展》2015,30(11):1210-1217

The international climate change negotiation has been carried out over 20 years. The issue of climate change has shifted from a scientific question into a complex political matter which is related to the sustainable development of mankind. Based on the overview of major processes and stages of international climate conferences, this paper analyzed the key measures that major countries have taken to address climate change, as well as the primary tasks of Paris climate conference and recent international actions. The recent international climate policy issues were also analyzed in order to provide suggestions for China’s activel participation in the development of a new round of international climate change system.  相似文献   

基质吸力变化引起的体积应变研究     

戚国庆  黄润秋 《工程地质学报》2015,23(3):491-497

与降雨有关的边坡表层变形位移,其根源是基质吸力降低引起的非饱和土体积应变。利用某滑坡体的原状样及其重塑样,分别在100kPa、200kPa围压作用下,采用单纯增加基质吸力的应力路径,对基质吸力引起的体积应变,进行试验测试。结果显示: (1)试样的体应变,随基质吸力的增大,单调增大,服从对数函数关系;(2)围压由100kPa增加到200kPa的试样体积模量,随基质吸力的增大,单调增大,服从幂函数关系;(3)与基质吸力有关的体积变化系数,随基质吸力的增大,单调减小,服从幂函数关系;并且当基质吸力大于200kPa以后,随基质吸力增大,体积变化系数接近于常数,约为0.0059左右。在此基础上,本文针对这种由单纯基质吸力变化引起的非饱和土体积应变规律及机理,进行了探讨。  相似文献   

珠江口盆地番禺低隆起东部珠江组沉积环境的恢复     

李小平  施和生  杜家元  张忠涛  郝建光 《海相油气地质》2015,20(1)

对珠江口盆地番禺低隆起东部L16井中新统珠江组的岩心观察分析,岩性包括碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩以及碎屑-碳酸盐的混积岩。珠江组可划分为11种沉积微相类型;建立了三角洲—滨岸—碎屑与碳酸盐混积滨岸—碳酸盐台地—浅海陆棚(23.8 Ma~18.5 Ma)沉积演化序列。地震地质解释证实了珠江组早期东沙三角洲的存在;古珠江三角洲与东沙三角洲构成了研究区珠江组下段的沉积主体。恢复了研究区珠江组沉积相及其演化,重点刻画了SQ2—TST时期由陆到海的变迁,而海平面变化是这一变迁的主要控制因素。  相似文献