我国"信息社会的地理学"关键研究领域综述     

杜丽娟  邓卓鹏  路紫  康海娟 《地理与地理信息科学》2008,24(2):81-86

该文旨在描述十年来我国"信息社会的地理学"发展的大体轮廓。依据主题词选择、领域选择、期刊选择和论文选择的标准,以国内地理期刊上发表的96篇论文为研究对象,并按期刊、主题词、研究方法、研究区域进行分类分析,进而从7大领域综述我国"信息社会的地理学"的研究内容。研究发现,十年来我国"信息社会的地理学"呈现出研究不断深化、领域和主要内容全面化、研究方法和研究区域多样化的特点,据此探讨其研究趋势以引导未来的研究。  相似文献   

A conceptual model to integrate the regional context in landscape policy,management and contribution to rural development: Literature review and European case study evidence     

《Geoforum》2017

Agri-environmental policies and planning influence agricultural landscape management, and thus the capacity to deliver landscape services and to contribute to rural viability. Numerous models and frameworks have been developed to improve comprehension of the mechanisms and interrelationships between policies, landscape and socio-economic values and benefits. As social-ecological systems, landscapes are closely depending from the socio-institutional and territorial context of the specific rural locality. The paper proposes an enhanced framework for assessing these mechanisms by acknowledging the critical role of the regional macro-environment. A literature review and the revisiting of evidence from eight European case studies are applied to establish a comprehensive understanding and exemplification of the links between the policies, landscape, ecosystem services and value flows. Results highlight the need for integrative, inter- and transdisciplinary research approaches. Efficient landscape policies require enhanced regional embeddedness and targeting, acknowledgement of user demands and the capability of regional community and governance structures for policy implementation and natural capital valorisation.  相似文献   

Agricultural effluent control under uncertainty: An inexact double-sided fuzzy chance-constrained model     

Y. Xu  X.S. Qin 《Advances in water resources》2010

An inexact double-sided fuzzy chance-constrained programming (IDFCCP) method was developed in this study and applied to an agricultural effluent control management problem. IDFCCP was formulated through incorporating interval linear programming (ILP) into a double-sided fuzzy chance-constrained programming (DFCCP) framework, and could be used to deal with uncertainties expressed as not only possibility distributions associated with both left- and right-hand-side components of constraints but also discrete intervals in the objective function. The study results indicated that IDFCCP allowed violation of system constraints at specified confidence levels, where each confidence level consisted of two reliability scenarios. This could lead to model solutions with high system benefits under acceptable risk magnitudes. Furthermore, the introduction of ILP allowed uncertain information presented as discrete intervals to be communicated into the optimization process, such that a variety of decision alternatives can be generated by adjusting the decision-variable values within their intervals. The proposed model could help decision makers establish various production patterns with cost-effective water quality management schemes under complex uncertainties, and gain in-depth insights into the trade-offs between system economy and reliability.  相似文献   

An investigation of soil erosion and redistribution in a Mediterranean lowland agricultural catchment using caesium-137     

Joan ESTRANY  Celso GARCIA  Desmond E. WALLING 《国际泥沙研究》2010,25(1):1-16

This study sought to contribute to an improved understanding of soil erosion and redistribution on Mediterranean agricultural land, where traditional soil conservation practices have been applied over millennia to provide effective protection of cultivated land. The study was undertaken in the Na Borges catchment, a groundwater-dominated lowland limestone basin (319 km2), located in the northeastern part of Mallorca, Spain. The average sediment yield from the basin, based on river sediment load data, is 1 t/km2·yr. The 137Cs technique was used to quantify soil redistribution rates over the past 40 years and to identify the key factors involved in soil erosion and redistribution processes. To estimate erosion and deposition rates and to elucidate the main factors affecting soil redistribution, samples were collected from six slope transects representative of the local land use and slope gradients and the presence or absence of soil conservation practices. A mass balance and a profile distribution conversion model were used for cultivated areas and areas of natural vegetation, respectively, to derive point estimates of the soil redistribution rates from the 137Cs inventories measured for individual soil bulk cores. In areas without soil conservation practices, the estimated mean soil erosion rates ranged from 12.7 to 26.4 t/ha·yr, which correspond to the slight and moderate erosion classes. The erosivity of Mediterranean climatic conditions combined with the influence of agricultural practices and slope gradient on soil erosion, represent the main factors responsible for the variation of soil losses documented for the cultivated land located in downslope areas, in the absence of soil conservation practices. Deposition dominated for those transects affected by soil conservation practices, with rates ranging between 18.8 and 96.6 t/ha·yr. However, this situation does not mean that soil conservation measures retain all the sediment, but rather that agriculture and urbanization (i.e. new rural paths and stone boundaries) modified the micro-topography and diverted sediment from other upslope zones towards the slopes where sampling transects were located.  相似文献   

Allocating agricultural production factors: A scenario-based modeling of wheat production in Shandong Province,China     

《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2016

We aim to determine the effects of agricultural factors input per hectare on wheat production, and to optimize the allocation of wheat production factors under three scenarios and in different operating modes. Data were collected from 204 farming households using a face-to-face questionnaire. The sampled farms were selected through a stratified random sampling technique. We find fertilizer cost, irrigation cost and machinery cost all positively and significantly affect the per-unit-area wheat production, indicating the labor cost is not the major driving factor on wheat yield increment. Multi-object optimization model is used to allocate the production factors per hectare. We find under the Business as usual (BAU) scenario, the irrigation cost per-hectare wheat production after optimization in 2014 grows at a rate of 24.31% and accounts for 14.9% of total input. Under the Cooperate Environmental Sustainability (CES) scenario, the fertilizer and pesticide costs after optimization drop significantly by 42.83% and 21.41%, respectively. Under the Rapid Benefit Growth (RBG) scenario, the irrigation cost after optimization increase by 2.56% and the fertilizer cost increases by 4.69% compared with the surveyed data. Comparison of optimized data among three operating modes shows that the labor costs at household farm and cooperative farm both increase significantly. Cooperative farms are more successful in production factor use efficiency and economic performance. In conclusion, wheat production at different operating modes could be improved so as to constitute more efficient and economic use of production factors.  相似文献   

新型城镇化能否突破“胡焕庸线”——兼论“胡焕庸线”的地理学内涵   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

王开泳  邓羽 《地理研究》2016,35(5):825-835

“胡焕庸线”提出80年来,在国际上产生深远影响。随着中国新型城镇化进程的全面推进,对胡焕庸线的研究急剧升温。在新的历史背景下,如何客观看待胡焕庸线成为亟待解决的一个问题。研究认为：胡焕庸线不仅是中国人口分布的分界线,也是重要的自然生态界线,这条界线的形成不以人的意志为转移,不宜人为去“打破”。同时,在新型城镇化背景下,应该树立理性思维,稳妥有序地推进城镇化进程,不断优化城镇化的空间分布格局。在全面放开二孩的新政策推动下,由于中国区域人口政策的差异性,东部和中部地区的人口有望实现较为明显的增长,西部地区增长相对缓慢,由此可能对胡焕庸线两侧的人口空间格局产生一定的影响。  相似文献   

基于MAPGIS的区域化探异常查询系统的开发          下载免费PDF全文

陈化奇 《甘肃地质》2009,(1):76-78

随着地理信息系统（GIS）技术的不断完善,利用GIS的空间数据（矢量化数据）与化探测量数据（定量数据）的有机结合,建立基于地理信息系统（GIS）空间数据库对已有的海量化探数据进行统一管理,并开发基于GIS空间信息技术的地球化学异常查询系统,是化探相关地质信息提取的有效途径。  相似文献   

Characteristics and Influence of Phosphorus Accumulated in the Bed Sediments of a Stream Located in an Agricultural Watershed     

Adam R. Hoffman  David E. Armstrong  Richard C. Lathrop  Michael R. Penn 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2009,15(3):371-389

We investigated the accumulation and influence of bioavailable P (BAP) in sediments of a stream located in an agricultural area of the Lake Mendota watershed in Wisconsin, USA. During hydrologic events, the stream carried high concentrations of suspended sediment (up to 250 mg/l) and BAP (up to 2.5 mg/l). Bed sediments were highly enriched in BAP, as inventories of BAP in the top 10 cm of sediment ranged from 143 to 14,500 μg P/cm². Space variations in BAP inventories were related to site-specific hydrodynamics and geochemical factors, including iron (Fe; r ² = 0.71) and aluminum (Al; r ² = 0.54) concentrations. Most sites behaved as potential sinks for dissolved reactive phosphate during hydrologic events and potential sources during base-flow periods. Through the combination of site-specific factors and geochemical controls, Dorn Creek modifies the amount, timing, and composition of P delivered from the watershed to downstream sites and water bodies.  相似文献   

Södra Finlands blocksänkor     

fil. dr. Geogr. GUY SÖDERMAN 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(1):77-81

Söderman, G.: Södra Finlands blocksänkor. Geografisk Tidsskrift, 82, 77–81, November 1. 1982.

Map analysis and field inventory show that there are about 20000 boulder depressions in Finland south of 64°N. The features are most common in blocky till areas close to fracture zones in the bedrock. The depressions range in altitude from above the highest shore-line down to 25–30 m above present sea-level. They are youngest in the NW part. Some depressions show surface patterns.

SAMMANDRAG

Blocksänkor är frostmarksformer med en huvudsakligen vertikal sortering som ett resultat av differentiell uppfrysning av blockrikt utgångsmaterial. De framställer inga klimatiska kriteria om utbildningstid och -förhållanden. Däremot här de till områden med sasängbetonad frostaktivitet, och om ej inskränkta till nedisade omräden, trots typiska fär dessa. Blocksänkorna är den mest utbredda och största frostmarksform inom den fennoskandiska skogsregionen i dag.  相似文献   

Tameike灌溉池塘农业文化遗产:以大分县国东半岛为例（英文）     

Kazem VAFADARI 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2013,4(3):220-230

本文以于2013年5月被认定为全球重要农业文化遗产(GIAHS)试点的国东半岛为例,探讨了日本tameike灌溉池塘成为农业文化遗产的潜力。"tameike"是这个地区主要用来储存泉水或者短小急流的一种小型池塘。国东的tameike建造与当地的水稻种植和林业发展关系密切。许多现存的灌溉池塘均建于江户时期(1603–1867),直到战后这些池塘都是通过传统农业技术进行管理。然而,随着经济发展,这些灌溉池塘的用途和生态系统功能迅速减少。目前,灌溉池塘的总数只有明治维新前的近三分之一。GIAHS项目试图重新评估这些灌溉池塘的生态系统功能和相关知识体系以振兴当地农业。本文基于文献调查和实地研究,提出合理管理灌溉池塘可以成功使这种资源循环利用的文化恢复生机,而这正是国东地区作为农业文化遗产的意义。  相似文献