新疆矿山地区环境地质问题探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

赵杰 《地质找矿论丛》2002,17(4):277-281

新疆矿产资源极为丰富，矿业开发带动了地区经济的发展，但由于人为不合理开发，加上地区脆弱的生态环境，导致了资源破坏、地质灾害和环境污染等一系列的环境地质问题。引起矿山地区环境恶化的主要原因有历史因素、政策、经济技术、地方保护主义及环保意识差等。随着西部大开发，我国将进一步加大矿业开发力度，走出“先开发、后治理”的误区，使矿业开发和环境保护健康协调发展。  相似文献   

云南银(铅)-锌矿开发史料与找矿探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

薛步高  吴良士 《矿床地质》2002,21(3):298-303

云南是银铅锌矿开发较早的省份之一，史料丰富。本文从史料的角度，阐述了与云南古代有关银（铅）－锌矿的开发概况，基本特点以及如何保护，继承这份丰富的历史遗产，进而对目前有关史料的研究和古代采矿遗址清理情况进行分析，提出今后找矿的一些想法。  相似文献   

采矿环境地球化学研究   总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14  

余平 《矿产与地质》2002,16(6):360-363

阐述了采矿对环境造成的负面影响 ,包括 :尾矿或废石堆中的杂质元素会进入表生地球化学循环 ,在不同气候条件下 ,呈现不同的特征模式 ,尾矿氧化带的酸性水的排放 ;矿山污染源对周围土壤和植物的影响使重金属元素等进入食物链 ,对人类和动物健康造成威胁。根据国内外的最新研究动向 ,指出建立环境地球化学模式 ,对采矿环境污染作出客观的监测和评价 ,能为防止污染和治理环境提供可靠的地球化学依据。  相似文献   

A Cordilleran model for the evolution of Avalonia   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

R. Damian Nance  J. Brendan Murphy  J. Duncan Keppie 《Tectonophysics》2002,352(1-2)

Striking similarities between the late Mesoproterozoic–Early Paleozoic record of Avalonia and the Late Paleozoic–Cenozoic history of western North America suggest that the North American Cordillera provides a modern analogue for the evolution of Avalonia and other peri-Gondwanan terranes during the late Precambrian. Thus: (1) The evolution of primitive Avalonian arcs (proto-Avalonia) at 1.2–1.0 Ga coincides with the amalgamation of Rodinia, just as the evolution of primitive Cordilleran arcs in Panthalassa coincided with the Late Paleozoic amalgamation of Pangea. (2) The development of mature oceanic arcs at 750–650 Ma (early Avalonian magmatism), their accretion to Gondwana at ca. 650 Ma, and continental margin arc development at 635–570 Ma (main Avalonian magmatism) followed the breakup of Rodinia at ca. 755 Ma in the same way that the accretion of mature Cordilleran arcs to western North America and the development of the main phase of Cordilleran arc magmatism followed the Early Mesozoic breakup of Pangea. (3) In the absence of evidence for continental collision, the diachronous termination of subduction and its transition to an intracontinental wrench regime at 590–540 Ma is interpreted to record ridge–trench collision in the same way that North America's collision with the East Pacific Rise in the Oligocene led to the diachronous initiation of a transform margin. (4) The separation of Avalonia from Gondwana in the Early Ordovician resembles that brought about in Baja California by the Pliocene propagation of the East Pacific Rise into the continental margin. (5) The Late Ordovician–Early Silurian sinistral accretion of Avalonia to eastern Laurentia emulates the Cenozoic dispersal of Cordilleran terranes and may mimic the paths of future terranes transferred to the Pacific plate.This close similarity in tectonothermal histories suggests that a geodynamic coupling like that linking the evolution of the Cordillera with the assembly and breakup of Pangea, may have existed between Avalonia and the late Precambrian supercontinent Rodinia. Hence, the North American Cordillera is considered to provide an actualistic model for the evolution of Avalonia and other peri-Gondwanan terranes, the histories of which afford a proxy record of supercontinent assembly and breakup in the late Precambrian.  相似文献   

EXPERIMENTAL AND FIELD STUDY ON MINING-PIT MIGRATION   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

S.Ali Akbar Salehi NEYSHABOURI  Ali FARHADZADEH  Ata AMINI 《国际泥沙研究》2002,17(4)

1 INTRODUCTION Because of the large quantity of sand and gravel in their beds, rivers have always been considered as a major source of sand and gravel for civil works. Acceptable quality, ease of extraction and economy are some of the reasons could be mentioned. Unfortunately, specific laws and regulations regarding the safe in-stream mining have not been provided for users and officials. What should be taken into account are the effects of over-mining of sand and gravel, which can cause …  相似文献   

The environmental impact of small-scale gold mining in Ghana: identifying problems and possible solutions   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Gavin Hilson 《The Geographical journal》2002,168(1):57-72

This paper examines the environmental impacts of small-scale gold mining in Ghana, and prescribes a series of recommendations for improving environmental performance in the industry. Since the enactment of the Small Scale Gold Mining Law in 1989, which effectively legalized small-scale gold mining in the country, industrial operations, collectively, have made important contributions to national gold output, foreign exchange earnings and employment. Accompanying this pattern of socio-economic growth, however, have been increased environmental complications – namely, mercury pollution and land degradation. The Ghanaian Minerals Commission has been burdened with most of the jurisdictional responsibilities related to small-scale mining, but with a staff of only 35–40 people working with a pool of highly obsolete research resources, it is clearly incapable of facilitating sufficient environmental improvement on its own. It is concluded that marked environmental improvements can only be achieved if: (1) assistance is provided to the Minerals Commission from local governmental bodies and academic units; (2) industry-specific environmental management tools and strategies are designed and implemented; (3) concerted effort is made to prospect for deposits suitable for small-scale gold mining, a key to preventing unnecessary exploration; and (4) a nation-wide industrial mercury study is commissioned, and a mercury retorting programme is implemented.  相似文献   

Life After Death     

Clyde Woods 《The Professional geographer》2002,54(1):62-66

Predictions of the death of impoverished and actively marginalized racial and ethnic communities are premature. Many core African American societies have been devastated by the state, capital, and cultural policies of the last two decades. Simultaneously, geography and the other social sciences have been mobilized in order to prevent a fuller understanding of these communities and of the need for social equity. The further development of several approaches is required to open geography and the other disciplines up for community‐building, rather than community destruction. The incorporation of research in the following areas holds out the promise of revitalizing both: human rights; the ethnic movements underlying restructuring; the social construction of regions; the reproduction of social power; building ethnic alliance; and indigenous knowledge systems.  相似文献   

北京西部山地景观生态整治与景观规划--以北京房山区史家营乡的典型研究为例   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6  

王云才  郭焕成 《山地学报》2003,21(3):265-271

北京市西部山区是因矿区开发使山地景观生态环境破坏的重点地区,在北京市生态环境整治与建设中具有十分重要的典型意义。不合理的煤炭资源开采导致了矿点密度大,采空塌陷区分布广,水资源急剧减少,水质污染严重,植被大规模遭破坏,水土流失严重,泥石流等灾害加重以及煤尘污染问题突出等一系列环境问题,呈现出山地生态系统遭受严重破坏的景观生态特征。本文以史家营为例,在典型调查的基础上,规划了景观生态环境恢复与重建区、种植养殖和观光生态农业示范区、果粮养殖生态农业区、林草放牧生态畜牧业示范区、生态旅游区的五个景观规划区域,探讨了生态型矿业、中低山特色生态农业和生态旅游发展的产业发展模式,并初步提出了景观生态整治的措施。  相似文献   

美国国家公园的地理信息系统(GIS)   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

辜寄蓉  范晓 《四川地质学报》2003,23(1):41-44

通过介绍美国国家公园中GIS的管理与实施经验，结合我国在地质公园的GIS应用情况，达到促进我国国家地质公园及其它国家公园中的GIS应用的目的。  相似文献   

陕西省神木县地质灾害发育特征及防治建议   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

伍跃中  陈守建 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2003,14(3):81-85,90

陕西省神木县近年来经济发展迅猛，但随着境内煤炭资源的开发利用和各类基础设施建设的加快发展，崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、矿区塌陷等地质灾害也愈发严重，对人民生命财产造成了巨大危害。笔者等在遥感图像解译和野外详细调查访问的基础上，查明了区内地质灾害类型、数量、规模及其时空展布规律，分析了各类地质灾害的主要形成条件。指出各类灾害中以煤矿开采及煤田自燃引起的矿区地面塌陷分布范围最广、危害最严重，其次是崩塌、滑坡，泥石流灾害仅局部发育。描述了重要灾点特征，提出了相应的防治建议。  相似文献