硼酸盐水溶液结构及研究方法   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

周永全  房艳  房春晖 《盐湖研究》2010,18(2)

硼酸盐水溶液中多聚硼酸盐阴离子的分布及其平衡十分复杂。综述了水溶液中硼酸盐的主要存在形式、化学平衡及其研究方法。重点介绍和评价了离子交换、电导/电势滴定、11B核磁共振(11B NMR)、红外(IR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、质谱(MS)等方法及其研究结论。对硼酸盐溶液结构研究的新方法如计算机模拟和衍射法,尤其是X射线衍射法(XRD)进行了介绍和展望。  相似文献   

山地温冰川中的气候环境记录研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

何元庆 Thea.  WH 《冰川冻土》1999,21(3):257-263

以北欧Ａｕｓｔｒｅ Ｏｋｓｔｉｎｂｒｅｅｎ冰川为例,概括介绍了海洋型气候区温冰川内气候环境信息的主要特征。山地温冰川积雪中的环境记录,如氧同位素,阴阳离子含量的变化虽然受到了冰雪中的融水渗透的干扰,但仍可作为短期局部气候环境变化的理想指示器。通过与实测的气象气候资料对比,积雪中化学分析结果表明了若干重要特征：积累区雪层剖面中的氧同位素变化,较好地反映了本地区的气候变化特别是降水时的温度递变细节以及  相似文献   

祁连山党河南山扎子沟29号冰川区雪,降水和地表水化学特征研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

任贾文 《冰川冻土》1999,21(2):151-154

党河南山地区的气候以干冷为主要特征,但这里的冰川仍属亚极地型。目前雪线较过去粗略推断有所上升。对冰川表面雪层、冰川侧融水、冰川前河水和降水样品的主要阴、阳离子分析表明,地表水主要受地表物质成分所控制,化学特征为ＨＣＯ３、ＳＯ４－Ｃａ型,将降水和雪层中离子浓度与其它地区对比后认为,大气中离子来源主要为陆地,人类污染影响很小。  相似文献   

自青藏高原盐湖卤水获得钠硼解石的研究          下载免费PDF全文

孙大鹏  马育华 《盐湖研究》1999,7(4):59-62

钠硼解石是一种常见的硼酸盐,主要分布在南美和我国青藏高原盐湖中,以及土耳其西阿纳托里亚（ＷｅｓｔＡｎａｔｏｌｉａ）硼矿和美国西部Ｋｒａｍ ｅｒ硼矿中。它是青海盐湖硼矿的主要矿石类型。由于自然界未发现在水体中析出的钠硼解石,因而,其成因仍是不清楚的。从放置３ 年、８ 年和１４ 年的小柴旦湖矿坑水、湖表卤水和扎仓茶卡湖表卤水获得了钠硼解石,从而查明钠硼解石是在稳定平衡条件下的低浓度、弱碱－ 碱性、富硼的硫酸钠亚型水体中形成的。这对于阐明钠硼解石矿床的成因及其人工控制再生均有重要的意义  相似文献   

交互四元体系Li⁺, Mg²⁺//SO^2-₄, B₄O^2-₇H₂O 288 K     

桑世华  李明  李恒  孙明亮 《地质学报》2010,84(11):1704-1707

采用等温溶解平衡法研究了288K时Li+, Mg2+//SO2-4, B4O2-7- H2O四元体系的固液相平衡关系,测定了该四元体系在288K时平衡液相的溶解度和密度。依据实验测定的平衡溶解度数据及对应的平衡固相,绘制了该四元体系的平衡相图及密度组成图。研究结果表明：交互四元体系Li+, Mg2+//SO2-4, B4O2-7- H2O 288K时平衡相图中有2个共饱点,5条单变量曲线,4个结晶区对应的平衡固相分别为Li2B4O7·3H2O,Li2SO4·H2O,MgB4O7·9H2O和MgSO4·7H2O。  相似文献   

Chemical composition of wet deposition in a Mediterranean site Athens,Greece related to the origin of air masses     

Panagiotis T. Nastos  Dimitrios Alexakis  Helen A. Kanellopoulou  Akindinos E. Kelepertsis 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2007,58(2):167-179

The goal of this study is to determine the chemical composition of rain, in the wider region of Athens, Greece for the time period 1st September 2001 to 31st August 2002. Two model automatic rain samplers were installed in the Meteorological Station of Laboratory of Climatology (latitude: 37° 58′ N, longitude: 23° 47′ E) inside the Athens University Campus and in a site at Heraklio Attica, a northern suburb of Athens (latitude: 38° 03′ N, longitude: 23° 45′ E). The concentrations (μeq l⁻¹) of the major cations (H⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺) and anions (Cl⁻, , και ), as well as pH and conductivity of rain in 39 total samples were determined. The figures of pH range from 6.4 to 8.4 and conductivity from 8 to 207 μS cm⁻¹. The analysis showed that Ca²⁺ ions are abundant within all examined samples, while and present the highest concentrations from the anions. In order to find out the origin of the air masses, the air mass back trajectories were calculated. Five sectors of the origin of air masses were revealed: the North, the South, the Local, the West and the East sector. Multivariate methods included Factor Analysis and Discriminant Analysis were applied to the examined ion concentrations and three main factors were extracted, which discriminated the ions according to their origin. The first group of ions is interpreted as the result of the anthropogenic activity, the second group represents the acidity–alkalinity independently of their source and the third one the marine influence.  相似文献   

近地表土壤中可溶态阴离子的石油地质意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李广之  陈银节  尹红军  宣海波 《物探与化探》2011,35(2):198-202

沉积有机质在生成油气及运移的过程中,部分可溶微量元素会分离出来,溶解在伴生的水中.油田水及原油中的可溶微量元素部分溶解于水,并随水一起运移至近地表.通过一定技术手段分析近地表土壤中的可溶态阴离子的含量变化特征,就可以追踪下伏对应地层的含油气信息.通过对新场气田、昌德气田、平方王油田上方近地表土壤中的可溶态阴离子检测的实...  相似文献   

Significance of processes in the near‐stream zone on stream water acidity in a small acidified forested catchment     

Jens Flster 《水文研究》2001,15(2):201-217

The near‐stream zone has received increasing attention owing to its influence on stream water chemistry in general and acidity in particular. Possible processes in this zone include cation exchange, leaching of organic matter and redox reactions of sulphur compounds. In this study the influences of processes in the near‐stream zone on the acidity in runoff from a small, acidified catchment in central southern Sweden were investigated. The study included sampling of groundwater, soil water and stream water along with hydrological measurements. An input–output budget for the catchment was established based on data from the International Co‐operative Programme on Integrated Monitoring at this site. The catchment was heavily acidified by deposition of anthropogenic sulphur, with pH in stream water between 4·4 and 4·6. There was also no relationship between stream flow and pH, which is indicative of chronic acidification. Indications of microbial reduction of sulphate were found in some places near the stream, but the near‐stream zone did not have a general impact on the sulphate concentration in discharging groundwater. The near‐stream zone was a source of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the stream, which had a median DOC of 6·8 mg L¹. The influence on stream acidity from organic anions was overshadowed by the effect of sulphate, however, except during a spring flow episode, when additional organic matter was flushed out and the sulphate‐rich ground water was mixed with more diluted event water. Ion exchange was not an important process in the near‐stream zone of the Kindla catchment. Different functions of the near‐stream zone relating to discharge acidity are reported in the literature. In this study there was even a variation within the site. There is therefore a need for more case studies to provide a more detailed understanding of the net effects that the near‐stream zone can have on stream chemistry under different circumstances. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

五硼酸钾溶液中含硼物种分布研究          下载免费PDF全文

贾力凡  朱发岩  周永全  刘红艳  王云霞  王广国  景转芳  宋露露 《盐湖研究》2022,30(4)

采用物种分布图和核磁共振实验研究了五硼酸钾溶液中含硼物种的类型、含量和溶液浓度间关系。研究表明五硼酸钾在稀溶液中几乎全部水解为B(OH)3和B(OH)4-;在较浓溶液中主要物种为B3O3(OH)4-和B(OH)3,而B5O6(OH)4-和[B4O5(OH)42-]的含量较小。核磁共振实验研究给出了B(OH)4-, B3O3(OH)4-和B5O6(OH)4-的生成常数K1, K3, K5,研究得出B5O6(OH)4-含量很少的原因是其解聚为其它类型硼酸根离子。外加离子促进五硼酸根离子的生成,而高温条件促进B5O6(OH)4-发生解聚反应。  相似文献   

几种海藻中无机阴离子的组成及与海水环境的关系     

彭全材  宋金明  张全斌  孙萱  李军 《海洋科学》2012,36(9):75-81

采用色谱法分析获得了10种常见海藻中的 F–、Cl–、组成特征,并初步探讨了其阴离子组成与海水环境的初步关系.结果表明,主要无机阴离子总含量褐藻高于绿藻和红藻,且存在显著性差异;褐藻和绿藻门的羽藻容易富集碘,是良好的生物碘源.通过多元统计分析显示 Cl–与 I–相关程度最密切(r=0.681),其次是主要是F–、SO ?和缩因子与海水中该元素逗留时间的对数相关统计表明,孔石莼、浒苔和鼠尾藻的相关系数大于0.9,说明某些海藻与海水中的非金属无机元素的分布迁移有密切的联系,研究近岸区域海藻中无机非金属元素的组成可为揭示元素生物地球化学循环提供重要讯息.PO ?与 I–以及34 PO ?与 Cl–;主成分 1 34 24 NO?贡献比较大,主成分2主要是3 PO ?、Cl–及I–贡献比较大.海藻中阴离子的浓34 SO ?、24 PO ?、34 NO?、I–等无机阴离子的3  相似文献