Chemical evolution of saline waters in the Jordan-Dead Sea transform and in adjoining areas   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Peter Möller  Eliyahu Rosenthal  Stefan Geyer  Akiva Flexer 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2007,96(3):593-597

The Ca–Mg relationship in groundwaters strongly points to the overall dolomitization and local albitization. The Mg/Ca ratios reveal two trends by which saline waters develop: increase of Mg/Ca ratio by evaporation and decreasing Mg/Ca ratios due to dolomitization and albitization. Br/Cl vs. Na/Cl ratios demonstrate that albitization does not play a major role which leaves dolomitization to be the main source for decreasing Mg/Ca ratios in saline waters. In the eastern and southern Region of Lake Kinneret, salinization occurs by mixing with a Ca/Mg molar ratio <1 brine (Ha’On type). Along the western shoreline of the Lake, a Ca/Mg > 1 dominates, which developed by the albitization of plagioclase in abundant mafic volcanics and the dolomitization of limestones. The most saline groundwater of the Tabgha-, Fuliya-, and Tiberias clusters could be regional derivatives of at least two mother brines: in diluted form one is represented by Ha’On water, the other is a Na-rich brine of the Zemah type. Additionally, a deep-seated Ca-dominant brine may ascend along the fractures on the western side of Lake Kinneret, which is absent on the eastern side. Groundwaters of the Lower Jordan Valley are chemically different on both sides of the Jordan River, indicating that the exchange of water is insignificant. All saline waters from the Dead Sea and its surroundings represent a complex mixture of brines, and precipitation and local dissolution of halite and gypsum. Many wells of the Arava/Araba Valley pump groundwater from the Upper Cretaceous limestone aquifer, the origin of the water is actually from the Lower Cretaceous Kurnub Group sandstones. Groundwater drawn from the Quaternary alluvial fill either originates from Kurnub Group sandstones (Eilat 108, Yaalon 117) or from altered limestones of the Judea Group. The origin of these waters is from floods flowing through wadis incised into calcareous formations of the Judea Group. On the other hand, as a result of step-faulting, hydraulic contact is locally established between the Kurnub- and the Judea Groups aquifers facilitating the inter-aquifer flow of the confined Kurnub paleowater into the karstic formations of the Judea Group. Two periods of Neogene brine formation are considered: the post-Messinan inland lagoon resulting in drying up of the Sdom Sea and the evaporation of the Pleistocene Samra Lake, which went further through the stage of Lake Lisan to the present Dead Sea. For the first period, major element hydrochemistry suggests that the saline waters and brines in the Jordan-Dead Sea–Arava Valley transform evolved from the gradual evaporation of an accumulating mixture of sea-, ground-, and surface water. Due to the precipitation of carbonates, gypsum, and halite, such an evaporating primary water body was strongly enriched in Mg, Br, and B and shows high molar ratios of Br/Cl, B/Cl, and Mg/Ca but low Na/Cl ratios. The development of the Br/Cl ratio is chemically modelled, showing that indeed brine development is explicable that way. Along with the evaporation brine, evaporites formed which are leached by infiltrating fresh water yielding secondary brines with Na/Cl ratios of 1. When primary brines infiltrated the sub-surface, they were subjected to Mg–Ca exchange in limestones (dolomitization) and to chloritization and albitization in basic igneous rocks turning them into Ca-Cl brines. These tertiary brines are omnipresent in the Rift. The brines of the late Lisan and Dead Sea were generated by evaporating drainage waters, which leached halite, gypsum, and carbonates from the soil and from the sub-surface. All these brines are still being flushed out by meteoric water, resulting in saline groundwaters. This flushing is regionally enhanced by intensive groundwater exploitation. In variable proportions, the Neogene and late Lisan Lake and Recent Dead Sea brines have to be considered as the most serious sources of salinization of groundwaters in the Rift. Deep-seated pre-Sdom brines cannot strictly be excluded, but if active they play a negligible role only. An erratum to this article can be found at  相似文献   

Hydrochemical processes in ground water-discharge playas,Central Australia     

Jerzy Jankowski  Gerry Jacobson 《水文研究》1990,4(1):59-70

A large groundwater system in the Amadeus Basin, central Australia, discharges to a chain of playa lakes 500 km long. The playas contain highly concentrated brines; these are sodium-chloride rich waters with appreciable magnesium and sulphate and very low concentrations of calcium and bicarbonate. Gypsum, glauberite, and other evaporite minerals are precipitating in the playas. The groundwaters evolve to brine by concurrent processes of dissolution, evaporative concentration, mineral precipitation, and mineralogical change. Chemical evolution is considered with reference to a concentration factor based on chloride. Ion transfer calculations demonstrate losses of magnesium and bicarbonate throughout, as a result of precipitation. Sodium, potassium, calcium, and sulphate are gained initially as a result of dissolution but lost subsequently as a result of precipitation. Larger playas in the chain, exemplified by Lake Amadeus, have dual shallow and deep groundwater flow paths whereas the smaller playas, exemplified by Spring Lake, have only shallow flow paths. Brines in the larger playas are diluted by deep groundwaters and this is reflected in the degree of saturation attained with respect to particular minerals. Thus, saturation with respect to gypsum and glauberite is attained earlier in Spring Lake than in Lake Amadeus. Saturation with respect to halite is attained in Spring Lake but not in Lake Amadeus. Both playas are undersaturated with respect to hexahydrite and sylvite although these minerals occur in efflorescent crusts in Spring Lake.  相似文献   

Thermomineral waters of Ca-chloride composition: review of diagnostics and of brine evolution   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

E. Rosenthal 《Environmental Geology》1997,32(4):245-250

 Ca-chloride waters are defined as those in which Q=rCa/r(SO₄+HCO₃)>1, rNa/rCl<0.80, rMg/rCa<0.5 and wCl/wBr<286 (r=meq l^–1 and w=mg l^–1). Throughout the last 50 years, different models for the formation of such waters have been suggested. These models include: (1) filtration through semipermeable membranes under conditions of highly compacted argillaceous sediments, (2) deaquation of seawater by evaporation and/or by freezing followed by dolomitization, (3) hydrolysis of plagioclase and biotites in igneous metamorphic rock masses, (4) radiolytic modification of residual metamorphic fluids, and (5) dissolution of chalks followed by ion exchange on smectites. The better understanding of processes and of natural environments leading to the evolution and natural occurrence of such brines, is imperative for the prospection and further sustained exploitation of such waters. Received: 11 October 1996 · Accepted: 24 February 1997  相似文献   

Brine pool deposition for the Zn–Pb–Cu massive sulphide deposits of the Bathurst mining camp, New Brunswick, Canada. I. Comparisons with the Iberian pyrite belt   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Mike Solomon   《Ore Geology Reviews》2008,33(3-4):329-351

The Ordovician Zn–Pb–Cu massive sulphide ore deposits of the Bathurst mining camp share many features with those of the Devonian/Carboniferous Iberian pyrite belt, particularly the tendency to large size (tonnage and metal content); shape, as far as can be determined after allowing for deformation; metal content, particularly Fe/Cu, Pb/Zn and Sn; mineral assemblages (pyrite + arsenopyrite ± pyrrhotite and lack or rarity of sulphates); sulphide textures (particularly framboidal pyrite); lack of chimney structures and rubble mounds; irregular metal or mineral zoning; and the low degree of zone refining compared to Hokuroku ores. The major differences between the provinces are the lack of vent complexes and the presence of Sn–Cu ores in the Iberian pyrite belt. There are also similarities in the geological setting of the two camps: both lie within continental terranes undergoing arc-continent and continent–continent collision, and in each case massive sulphide mineralisation followed ophiolite obduction; the ore deposits are associated with bimodal volcanic rocks derived from MORB and continental crust and marine shales; and mineralisation was locally accompanied or followed by deposition of iron formations.Fluid inclusion data from veins in stockworks from at least six of the Iberian massive sulphide deposits point to sulphide deposition having taken place in basins containing mostly spent saline, ore-forming fluids (brine pools), and it is suggested that most of the major features of the Bathurst deposits can be explained by similar processes. The proposed model is largely independent of ocean sulphate and O₂ content, whereas low values of each are requisites for the current, spreading-plume model of sulphide deposition in the Bathurst camp.  相似文献   

云南永平上别咧铜多金属矿成因     

杨利翔  段红达  吴道鹏 《云南地质》2008,27(2):203-209

上别列铜多金属矿床属水泄咱咧铜钴矿区外围新发现的矿点,赋存于兰坪-思茅盆地中生带红色碎屑岩建造厂街-水泄成矿带中,区内有30余处矿点,中-小型铜、铁矿点二处。认为属改造型中低温热卤水裂隙充填矿床,水泄咱咧铜钴矿区外围具备进一步找矿的条件。  相似文献   

卤水锂资源提取技术中国专利分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

王瑜  倪颖  孙雪婷  邹志德  李玉婷  周永全  葛飞 《盐湖研究》2018,26(3):82-87

对中国卤水提锂资源开发现状进行专利信息的数据挖掘和分析。借助专利申请趋势、区域分布、申请人分布、IPC分布、专利技术比较分析等展现卤水锂资源开发的技术概况、研发热点与态势。研究可为企业的后续研发提供数据支持。  相似文献   

湖北潜江凹陷北部古近系孔隙卤水矿床特征及成因     

付路路  刘成林  王青春  赵艳军  王春连  余小灿 《盐湖研究》2018,26(1):15-24

深层卤水是我国重要的液体矿产资源,其中含有钾、锂、铷、铯、溴、碘、硼等高价值元素,具有广阔的综合利用开发前景。通过研究江汉盆地潜江凹陷北部地区潜江组卤水矿床的储层以及水化学特征,对该地区卤水成因及其成藏条件进行了分析。深层卤水赋存于潜江凹陷古近系潜江组砂岩中,水化学类型以硫酸钠亚型为主,其次为碳酸盐型、氯化钙型和硫酸镁亚型。总矿化度在221.3~323.5 g/L之间,平均值为274.08 g/L,酸碱度为4.5~6.5。潜江组卤水浓缩程度不高,变质程度低,体系较为开放。结合卤水矿床的水化学和储层特征,盆地卤水来源主要有火山—地热水的补给、基性火山岩的水—岩反应和蒸发岩的地下溶解。位于潜江凹陷北缘的钟西地区砂岩厚度大,具有巨大的储集空间,在构造—岩相作用下可能储藏了来自潜江凹陷南部古盐湖的卤水,因此潜江凹陷北部钟西地区砂岩具有较好的成藏条件。  相似文献   

Progress in Study of Potash Resources of Oil (Gas) Field Brine in China     

Mu Yanzong  Nie Zhen  Bu Lingzhong  Wang Yunsheng  Wu Qian 《地球科学进展》2016,31(2):147-160

With a population of 1.3 billion, China is a large agricultural country. However, China is short of potash resources as the external dependence is more than 50% for many years. With the limited possibility for increasing potash reserves from surface salt lakes, and the challenge of finding potash deposit from marine strata has not been yet overcome, the oil (gas) field brine resources has become the preferred source for the urgent needs of potash. In recent years, a lot of exploration and research work on the oil (gas) field brine has been done under the guide of “oil and potash co-exploration” policy and delightful achievements have been obtained. The research achievements at Qaidam Basin, Sichuan Basin, Jianghan Basin and Tarim Basin were summarized in the present paper. All of the above basins are the most important areas with great prospects of oil (gas) field brine. This paper mainly focused on three aspects, the brine characteristics, the brine geochemistry and resource assessment. After the summary, the characteristics of oil (gas) field brine and the progress in study of that were gotten in different basins. It was suggested that the research work of (gas) field brine at Qaidam Basin should be emphasized. It was concluded that the evaluation work of oil (gas) field brine resources is insufficient at the four basins, and it is urgent to establish oil (gas) field brine resources evaluation criteria and methods.  相似文献   

卤虫繁殖机制的研究——Ⅰ.卵子发育过程中染色体的变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

廖承义  王立俊 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1993,(4)

本文以卤虫的生殖细胞卵子作为材料进行染色体标本制备,具体研究了卤虫卵子在发育过程中染色体的变化,探讨致使孤雌生殖卤虫染色体自然加倍的可能途径,以及两性生殖卤虫卵子发生受精的具体地点。  相似文献   

我国盐湖资源综合利用的探讨   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

袁瑞强  程芳琴 《盐湖研究》2008,16(1):67-72

综述了盐湖基本特征和可利用资源,总结了我国盐湖资源分布特点。结合国外盐湖资源开发利用实际,讨论了我国盐湖资源开发利用面临的问题。本文指出首先应根据盐湖特点在开发主导产品的同时综合利用资源开发多种产品;其次要重视产品的深度加工,形成高附加值的产品链条;此外积极进行技术革新,开发稀有元素提取技术;最后在有条件的地方开发盐湖生物资源和旅游资源。  相似文献