近地下水库理论与工程实践现状   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姜媛  沈媛媛  魏连伟  刘久荣 《城市地质》2012,7(3):26-30

地下水库作为一种水资源调控工程措施,具有重要意义。在过去的40年,国内外进行了大量的地下水库建设工程实践,取得了较大的社会、经济和环境效益。本文回顾了地下水库研究和工程实践的历史,讨论了地下水库的概念、分类、建设条件、效益及存在问题。  相似文献   

基于多目标模型分析法的秦皇岛市水资源承载力分析     

杜立新  唐伟  房浩  闫丽雯 《地下水》2014,(6):80-83

水资源可持续利用是经济社会可持续发展的战略问题。以秦皇岛市水资源状况和数据资料为实例,运用多目标模型分析法和切比雪夫决策法对不同方案下秦皇岛市水资源承载力的变化进行预测和解释,通过对可供水量和宏观经济观测,对该市水资源承载力进行计算,为秦皇岛市水资源合理利用及沿海地区水资源承载力研究提供决策依据。  相似文献   

柴达木盆地盐湖区环境污染消纳能力分析          下载免费PDF全文

何炳毅  王建萍  孔凡翠  余冬梅  陈亮  凌智永  胡菊芳 《盐湖研究》2022,30(2):52-60

近年来,随着柴达木盆地盐湖资源开发的规模和强度不断增加,环境负载也逐步加大。根据柴达木盆地自然环境特征,分析了盐湖区大气、土壤、水环境污染情况及影响污染物消纳能力的主要因素。采用大气自净能力指数(ASI)、水环境自净能力等级(M)和土壤自然消减能力(NAC)等指标,从大气、土壤、水环境等方面半定量和定量评价了柴达木盆地盐湖区环境污染消纳能力。结果表明柴达木盆地盐湖区内水环境自净能力的等级系数为1.34,水环境自净能力较弱;平均大气自净能力指数是3.85 t/(d·km²),大气环境自净能力一般;土壤自然消减能力平均值为0.639,土壤自净能力中等。总体来看,降水少、风尘大等因素导致柴达木盆地自然消纳能力较低,盐湖开发过程中必须高度重视生态环境保护。  相似文献   

Excess capacity and efficiency in the quota managed Tasmanian Rock Lobster Fishery     

《Marine Policy》2017

Excess capacity is a major concern for fisheries management worldwide. It is often argued that Individual Transferable Quota (ITQ) systems will enhance efficiency and alleviate problems of excess capacity. While improvements in efficiency have been observed, most empirical studies have found only modest changes in excess capacity as a result of such systems. Using a database of compulsory log-book information for the Tasmanian Rock Lobster Fishery in Australia, from January 2000 to December 2013, this study presents the first analysis to investigate the dynamic behaviour of both excess capacity and efficiency (i.e. technical and scale efficiency) in an industrialised fleet after the introduction of quota management. The analysis revealed weak evidence for a prolonged adjustment in the fishery following the introduction of an ITQ system. In addition, no marked changes in excess capacity were observed over the study period; and furthermore, there was no evidence for an increase in excess capacity during a period of non-binding Total Allowable Catch (TAC) when race to fish behaviour increased in the fishery. The results suggest a limited ability of the ITQ system to alleviate levels of excess capacity in fisheries in the long-term.  相似文献   

A model of the generation of electromagnetic emissions detected prior to earthquakes     

《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2015

Recent satellite and ground-based observations prove that during the formative period of earthquakes VLF/LF and ULF electromagnetic emissions are observed in seismogenic areas. This work offers an original model of self-generated electromagnetic oscillations of local segments of the lithospheric origins of the emissions. In the paper, the seismogenic area is considered to be an oscillatory-distributed system. This model simplifies physical analyses of the nonlinear effects and qualitatively explains the mechanisms that generate very low frequency electromagnetic waves in the period prior to an earthquake.  相似文献   

旁压试验确定上海软土地区的单桩承载力   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨石飞  顾国荣  董建国 《上海国土资源》2002,(4):41-46

该文搜集上海地区三十多项旁压试验资料工程，以及近133组静载荷试验，经过分析、统计、比较，得出根据旁压试验确定单桩竖向极限承载力的公式，表明该公式的普遍适用性，是对静载试验方法的有益补充。同时对379组分别采用旁压和静探试验估算的单桩承载力的比较，表明采用旁压试验方法估算的单桩承载力与静探方法基本吻合。  相似文献   

Climate change and extreme weather events: can developing countries adapt?     

M.Monirul Qader Mirza 《Climate Policy》2003,3(3):233-248

Developing countries are vulnerable to extremes of normal climatic variability, and climate change is likely to increase the frequency and magnitude of some extreme weather events and disasters. Adaptation to climate change is dependent on current adaptive capacity and the development models that are being pursued by developing countries. Various frameworks are available for vulnerability and adaptation (V&A) assessments, and they have both advantages and limitations. Investments in developing countries are more focused on recovery from a disaster than on the creation of adaptive capacity. Extreme climatic events create a spiral of debt burden on developing countries. Increased capacity to manage extreme weather events can reduce the magnitude of economic, social and human damage and eventually, investments, in terms of borrowing money from the lending agencies. Vulnerability to extreme weather events, disaster management and adaptation must be part of long-term sustainable development planning in developing countries. Lending agencies and donors need to reform their investment policies in developing countries to focus more on capacity building instead of just investing in recovery operations and infrastructure development.  相似文献   

浅议我国的湿地宣教     

李伟  谢屹  曲秀芹  温亚利 《湿地科学与管理》2007,3(3):58-61

湿地宣教是发挥湿地的社会效益,更好地保护湿地的内在需求。本文从阐释湿地宣教的溉念入手,概括了湿地宣教的内涵与意义,在分析我国湿地宣教的实施主体、受众分布、宣教形式及宣教投入的基础上,认为我国湿地宣教还存在宣教体系残缺、能力不足、投入不足、社会参与度低等问题。结合国内外湿地宣教理念在指导思想、具体实施方法上提出了建议。  相似文献   

Building Capacity for Environmental Management: local knowledge and rehabilitation on the Gippsland Red Gum Plains     

Thomas G. Measham 《The Australian geographer》2007,38(2):145-159

Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) continues to attract interest as a way of achieving social and environmental outcomes at the local and regional scale. Central to the success of CBNRM is the importance of capacity building and participatory approaches to research and management. This paper discusses an initiative in East Gippsland which involved a facilitated process to assist local residents build their capacity to manage their landscape. Through conducting a community survey, the project facilitated landholders to voice, develop and refine their understanding of remnant vegetation management, dieback and revegetation on private land. In doing so, landholders have improved not only their understanding of the issues but also their ability to act upon them. The empirical findings of the study highlight two issues of relevance to dieback on the East Gippsland Red Gum Plains. First, there is a perception that dieback has remained stable for at least 10 years. Second, scattered trees and small patches of trees are more vulnerable to dieback than clumped trees in larger patch sizes, as well as roadside vegetation. The research demonstrates the value of a community-based approach to NRM in terms of harnessing local knowledge, fostering human and social capital and engaging with interested landholders.  相似文献   

胶州湾营养盐环境容量计算   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

葛明  王修林  阎菊  石晓勇  祝陈坚  蒋凤华 《海洋科学》2003,27(3):36-42

根据营养盐在多介质海洋环境，包括海水、浮游植物、浮游动物、悬浮颗粒和沉积物中分布动力学模型建立了胶州湾溶解无机氮（DIN）和磷酸盐（PO4-P）自净容量、环境容量和剩余环境容量的计算方法。结果表明，胶州湾营养盐自净容量夏季最大，冬季最小，春秋居中，这主要是海洋中物理、化学和生物自净过程共同作用的结果。胶州湾DIN剩余环境容量和PO4-P剩余环境容量在20世纪70年代末至80年代中期变化较小，相对一级海水水质标准下的环境容量还具有约60％的容纳能力。但自80年代中后期至90年代中后期，营养盐剩余环境容量迅速减小，其中至1997年DIN剩余环境容量已超过1级海水水质标准下环境容量的70％，而自90年代末开始DIN剩余环境容量又有所增加，而PO4-P剩余环境容量减小速度趋缓。胶州湾营养盐环境容量计算不仅可以深入了解海洋各种自净过程对特定海域容纳营养盐能力的作用，而且更为重要的是可以为排海营养盐总量控制方案的制定提供直接、科学和实用的理论基础和技术支撑。  相似文献