Transport of terrestrial organic matter in the Ogooué deep sea turbidite system (Gabon)     

Laurie Biscara  Thierry MulderPhilippe Martinez  François BaudinHenri Etcheber  Jean-Marie JouanneauThierry Garlan 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2011,28(5):1061-1072

In order to define the nature and distribution of the organic matter (OM) preserved in the modern Ogooué deep sea turbidite system (Gabon), bulk geochemical techniques (Rock-Eval pyrolysis, elemental and isotopic analyses) and palynofacies were applied to three piston cores collected in the Cape Lopez Canyon and lobe and on the continental slope, north of the canyon.The hemipelagic sedimentation in the study area is characterized by high accumulations of well-preserved OM (∼2-3 wt. TOC %). Bulk geochemical and palynofacies analysis indicate both a marine and terrestrial origin of the OM. Contribution of the marine source is higher on the slope than in the canyon and lobe.OM accumulation in turbidites is strongly controlled by the combined influence of the Cape Lopez Canyon and littoral drift. In the canyon and lobe, turbidites show generally low TOC content (0.5 wt. %) and OM is oxidized. The origin of the OM is interpreted as both marine and terrestrial, with a higher contribution of continental source versus marine source. The low TOC contents are due to the large siliciclastic fraction transported by the littoral drift and diverted in the Cape Lopez Canyon during high energy processes (e.g. storms) which tend to dilute the OM in the turbidites. Transport by long-shore currents and/or turbiditic flows leads to oxidation of the OM.On the continental slope located north of the Cape Lopez Canyon, large amounts of OM are deposited in turbidites (up to 14 wt. %). The OM is predominantly derived from terrestrial land plants and has not been subjected to intense oxidation. These deposits are characterized by high hydrocarbon potential (up to 27 kg HC/t rock), indicating a good potential as gas-prone source rock. Because Cape Lopez Canyon captures a significant part of the sediment transported by the littoral drift, the siliciclastic sedimentary flux is reduced north of the canyon; OM is thus concentrated in the turbidites. Variation in TOC content within turbidite laminae can be explained by the burst and sweep deposition process affecting the boundary layer of the turbulent flow.This study confirms that gravity flows play a preponderant role in the accumulation and preservation of OM in deep water and that deep sea turbidite systems could be regarded as an environment where organic sedimentation occurs.  相似文献   

LUCC对湿地碳储量及碳排放的影响     

杨平  仝川 《湿地科学与管理》2011,7(3):56-59

湿地生态系统是陆地上重要的碳库,其碳储量和排放通量的变化对全球碳循环和气候变化起着重要作用。湿地碳库的变化受到诸多因素的影响,其中土地利用/覆盖变化(LUCC)是影响湿地碳库的主要因素之一。研究表明,土地利用/覆盖变化通过影响湿地植被覆盖状况、土壤湿度、氧化还原电位、微生物活性等方面,影响着湿地的碳储存与碳排放。湿地垦殖后大量的碳被释放出来,湿地的碳汇和碳源功能发生了变化。  相似文献   

上海湿地碳汇:挑战与应对     

马涛  马彩华 《湿地科学与管理》2011,7(2):63-65

湿地碳汇的维持和增长对于上海建设低碳城市具有重要意义。上海自然湿地的年固碳能力经估算约72.4万t;碳汇集中在近海及海岸滩涂湿地中;土壤碳密度低,但固碳能力强;在遭受互花米草入侵后,固碳能力不减反增;当前上海的湿地碳汇面临着严峻挑战,维持湿地碳汇的前景不容乐观。建议通过加强自然湿地保育,科学合理地围垦,修复湿地网络,建设人工湿地来提高湿地固碳能力。  相似文献   

Oxygen, carbon, and strontium isotope geochemistry of diamond-bearing carbonate rocks from Kumdy-Kol, Kokchetav Massif, Kazakhstan     

M Ohta  T Mock  Y Ogasawara  D Rumble   《Lithos》2003,70(3-4):77-90

Diamond-bearing carbonate rocks from Kumdy-Kol, Kokchetav massif, Kazakhstan, were strongly altered by fluids flowing through fractures and infiltrating along grain boundaries during exhumation. Alteration includes retrogradation of high-grade silicate assemblages by hydrous minerals, replacement of diamond by graphite and of dolomite by calcite. Diamond-bearing carbonate rocks are among the most intensely altered isotopically with δ¹⁸O_VSMOW values as low as +9‰, δ¹³C_VPDB=−9‰, and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr as high as 0.8050. Evidence of isotopic equilibration between coexisting dolomite and high-Mg calcite during ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism (UHPM) is preserved only rarely in samples isolated from infiltrating fluids by distance from fractures. Isotopic heterogeneity and isotopic disequilibrium are widespread on a hand-specimen scale. Because of this lack of homogeneity, bulk analyses cannot provide definitive measurements of ¹³C/¹²C fractionation between coexisting diamond and carbonate. Our study adequately documents alteration on a scale commensurate with observed vein structures. But, testing the hypothesis of metamorphic origin of microdiamonds has not fully succeeded because our analytical spatial resolution, limited to 0.5 mm, is not small enough to measure individual dolomite inclusions or individual diamond crystals.  相似文献   

Late Barremian–early Aptian climate of the northern middle latitudes: Stable isotope evidence from bivalve and cephalopod molluscs of the Russian Platform     

《Cretaceous Research》2013

Palaeotemperatures during the late Barremian–early Aptian (Early Cretaceous) on the Russian Platform have been determined on the basis of oxygen isotope analysis of aragonitic bivalve molluscan and ammonoid shells and belemnite rostra with well-preserved microstructure from the Ulyanovsk area. Those obtained from the planispiral and heteromorph ammonoid shells from the lower Aptian Volgensis–Schilovkensis, Deshayesi–Tuberculatum, and Deshayesi–Renauxianum zones range from 26.7 to 33.2 °C, from 29.2 to 33.1 °C, and from 27.0 to 29.5 °C, respectively. A heteromorph Helicancylus? cf. philadelphius shell from the uppermost lower Aptian Bowerbanki Zone was secreted in highest temperature conditions (32.8–35.2 °C). In contrast, upper Barremian molluscs (bivalve Cyprina sp. and belemnite Oxyteuthis sp.) of the Ulyanovsk area show significantly lower palaeotemperatures: 16.9–18.5 °C and 7.9–17.8 °C, respectively, which is in accordance with known palaeogeographic and palaeobotanical evidences, showing that a distinct climatic optimum seems to have occurred during the late early Aptian, when warm Tethyan water penetrated into the basin. Marked changes in calculated growth temperatures for investigated molluscs from the Russian Platform were most likely connected with both the general warming trend during the late Barremian–early Aptian and local palaeonvironmental conditions. New data from the Bowerbanki Zone of the Russian Platform provide evidence on existence of the positive carbon isotope anomaly (2.4–6‰) at the end of the lower Aptian. There were apparently the three positive C-isotope anomalies during the late Barremian–early Aptian. The onset of mid early Aptian Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE) 1a seems to coincide with both the beginning of significant warm conditions (followed by short-term cooling) and the abrupt decline in heavy carbon isotope concentrations in marine carbonates, which partly were the likely consequences of the intensive release of CO₂ (biased by volcanic activity) and/or dissociation of methane gas hydrate.  相似文献   

中国热带雷州半岛北部地区末次冰期气候变化的特征与机制     

曹家元 《地质学报》2013,87(8):1179-1192

本文通过对雷州半岛北部屋山和下录泥炭沉积剖面,以及泉水河湖相沉积剖面沉积物有机质δ13C分析,重建了我国热带北部地区48～10cal ka BP期间的气候变化历史。通过与3个剖面的烧失量(LOI)、有机质含量(OM)、腐殖化度(HD)、低频磁化率(χlf)、干密度(DD)等气候代用指标的对比分析:δ13 Corg低值指示气候较为暖湿,东亚夏季风较强;δ13 Corg高值则指示气候较为冷干,东亚夏季风较弱。研究表明我国热带北部地区在48～28cal ka BP之间气候较为暖湿。在22cal ka BP(或20cal ka BP)左右,研究区域气候发生急剧变化,其中最干冷的阶段出现在18～16cal ka BP,反映了东亚夏季风的衰弱,可能与末次盛冰期(LGM)的到来有一定关系。12cal ka BP之后该区域气候又逐渐转为暖湿。在48～10cal ka BP之间,3个剖面δ13 Corg值的若干正偏方向的扰动则表明C4植被或者偏正的C3植被的扩张,这些千年尺度的正偏扰动可能与Heinrich事件以及格陵兰冰芯和葫芦洞石笋所检测出来的千年尺度的冷干事件有关。研究还发现,3个研究剖面的δ13 Corg记录反映的我国热带北部气候变化与南半球巴西石笋记录的南美季风变化呈反位相关系,这表明我国热带地区末次冰期的气候变化主要与太阳辐射的变化,以及受太阳辐射驱动的热带辐合带(ITCZ)的迁移有关。ITCZ的迁移可能会引起哈德莱环流经向上分布的不对称,进而改变经向上的水汽传输,使得南北半球低纬度地区气候变化相反。南半球高纬度地区也可能通过"推拉"机制影响到雷州半岛北部地区的气候变化。  相似文献   

Geological Storage Forms of Injected CO2 and Variation with Time: A Case Study for Ordos Deep Saline Formation     

YUE Gaofan  XU Tianfu  WANG Fugang 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(Z1):980-981

  相似文献   

早三叠世海相碳酸盐碳同位素研究进展     

黄可可  黄思静  兰叶芳  胡作维 《地球科学进展》2013,28(3):357-365

早三叠世是地球发展史上的特殊时期,代表了古、中生代过渡时期的生态重建与复苏.随着各种“异常环境事件”信息在近年陆续被揭示,早三叠世地质学研究成为地学界新的热点领域.海相碳酸盐碳同位素组成记录了碳循环的变化,是理解重大突变期的生态环境事件和地球过程的重要切入点.最近10年的研究表明,过去集中在二叠纪/三叠纪界线附近发现的“负漂移”现象只能代表海洋化学持续了约5 Ma的动荡局面的开始,直到中三叠世才趋于平稳,高频率、大幅度的整体演变型式已很难用过去提出的机制进行解释.全球范围内缺乏可精确对比性以及高达+8‰的正向极值的成因等,都是值得深入思考的问题.  相似文献   

No proof from carbon isotopes in the Francevillian (Gabon) and Onega (Fennoscandian shield) basins of a global oxidation event at 1980–2090 Ma following the Great Oxidation Event (GOE)     

Francis Weber  François Gauthier-Lafaye 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2013,345(1):28-35

Highly depleted C isotope composition of organic matters from the Onega (Fennoscandian shield) and Francevillian (Gabon) basins are differently interpreted. Kump et al. (2011) suggested the occurrence of a massive and global oxidation event during the period of 1980–2090 Ma, which follows the Great Oxidation Event (2450–2320 Ma) (Bekker et al., 2004). Inversely, Gauthier-Lafaye and Weber (2003) invoke the possible action of methanotrophic microorganisms to explain the δ¹³C values as low as –46‰ measured in the Franceville basin. Here we present the isotope data available in the Franceville basin in order to discuss these two interpretations. The lack of any δ¹³C correlation between organic matter and carbonate in the Franceville basin does not allow the consideration of a massive and global oxidation event.  相似文献   

国际气候投融资监测、报告与核证制度及启示     

曾桉  谭显春  王毅  高瑾昕 《气候变化研究进展》2022,18(2):215-229

实现中国2030年前碳达峰、2060年前碳中和需要大量的资金支持,亟需构建与之匹配的气候投融资体系.气候投融资监测、报告与核证(M RV)是气候投融资体系的重要组成部分,一方面能够有效地监督报告资金来源、使用及效果,另一方面能够统筹利用现有资金充分发挥对应对气候变化的积极作用,并撬动更多资金流向气候变化领域.本文通过广...  相似文献