交换液酸碱度对OTAC在蒙脱石中吸附及复合物凝胶粘度影响     

邱俊  刘栋梁  姜姗  李国青  陈平  吕宪俊 《矿物岩石》2019,39(2):8-13

在蒙脱石有机改性体系中,交换液酸碱度对蒙脱石荷电性以及十八烷基三甲基氯化铵(OTAC)的电离度影响很大,进而影响OTAC在蒙脱石中的吸附以及制备复合物的凝胶粘度。研究发现,在pH=3的强酸性交换体系中,蒙脱石端面可变电荷为正电荷,OTAC阳离子和蒙脱石之间静电斥力的存在不利于OTAC在蒙脱石上的吸附,吸附量和吸附率分别是0.943CEC和85.7%,制备复合物的凝胶粘度最低,分别是μ0min为45.67Pa·s,μ30min为16.52Pa·s;在pH=10的弱碱性交换体系中,由于蒙脱石层面和端面均带有负电荷,静电引力更有利于OTAC阳离子在蒙脱石层间交换及表面吸附,其吸附量和吸附率最高,分别为1.097CEC和99.71%,制备复合物的凝胶粘度也较高,分别是μ0min为95.93Pa·s,μ30min为37.67Pa·s;在强碱性交换体系中,当pH=11和13时,蒙脱石对OTAC的吸附量和吸附率降低明显,吸附量分别为1.08CEC和1.058CEC,吸附率分别降到98.20%和96.18%,对应复合物的μ0min分别为96.52Pa·s和93.52Pa·s,μ30min分别为36.57Pa·s和36.53Pa·s,究其原因由于交换液中OTAC阳离子和高浓度的钠离子在蒙脱石层间和表面存在竞争吸附导致蒙脱石层间钠离子的交换难度加大。  相似文献   

Active Soils of the Niger Delta in Road Pavement Design and Construction     

Olujide Omotosho  Amadise Save Ogboin 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2009,27(1):81-88

Active soils existing to irreplaceable extents (both laterally and vertically) within the freshwater zone of the Niger delta are known and have been shown to be highly undesirable in their natural forms for road construction. This is because they swell extensively in the rainy season and shrink proportionately in the dry months together with any structure including road pavement constructed with or placed on them. In this paper, four samples of these soils collected from across the Niger delta were subjected to chemical stabilization with slaked-lime and calcium chloride (CaCl₂) to reduce swelling potential while resulting mixtures (corresponding to tolerable swelling limits) were stabilized with Portland cement to improve strength. First, swell indicator (i.e. 24-h free swell index) was found to diminish with increasing stabilizer content while for combined plot (independent of location/percentage fines), about 10.7% and 6% slaked-lime and CaCl₂ were found to be required to achieve the minimum (2.5% free swell) tolerable, normal or non-swell soil condition. Under this condition and for individual soil materials, addition of cement was found to enhance continual increase in MDD, soaked-CBR and durability index such that the soil becomes better compactible, stronger and more durable with increasing cement content. About 2.6% and 14.6% cement contents were found needed to respectively produce sub-base and base-course materials in roadworks with the latter much more durable than the former. The graphs so obtain could also constitute a complete graphical model for preparing deltaic active soils for use as road pavement materials.  相似文献   

Geomorphic controls on deposition of salt in the Greater Tamar Catchment,northeast Tasmania     

M. E. Sweeney  C. L. Moore  K. G. McQueen  T. Spandler 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2017,64(8):1085-1096

In Tasmania, most salts in the landscape originate from rainfall and accumulate in landscapes after evaporation occurs. The distribution and quantity of salt in rainfall from an array of bulk deposition collectors in the Greater Tamar Catchment were assessed for the period September 2013 to August 2014. The bulk deposition samples were analysed for pH, electrical conductivity, major ions (Ca, Mg, Na, SO₄ and Cl) and a selection of trace ions. The average salt flux across the study area was 79 ± 10 kg/ha/yr region, ranging from 170 ± 12 kg/ha/yr near the coast in the north to 42 ± 6 kg/ha/yr inland. Deposition of most ions decreased from the northwest to the south and east, and peaked in winter and spring. Geomorphic factors such as elevation and topography have an important effect on the volume of rainfall and flux of salt from windblown dust and oceanic aerosols. A comparison of measured chloride and salt deposition in Tasmania with other Australian atmospheric studies indicates that continental-scale models of salt flux are not appropriate for Tasmania. New models are proposed that take into account the influence of the Southern Ocean, Tasman Sea and topographic variation in the study area. The results provide improved estimates of rainfall-derived salt inputs to catchments in northeast Tasmania and enable more accurate salt budget modelling. Improved understanding of volumes and distribution of salts has implications for the management of soils and infrastructure that degrade as a result of dryland salinity in Tasmania.  相似文献   

光卤石分解制取氯化钾晶体粒度控制技术          下载免费PDF全文

谢玉龙  赵亮 《盐湖研究》2010,18(2)

讨论了1×106t钾肥生产线光卤石分解、氯化钾结晶的晶体粒度影响因素,给出了最佳工艺控制条件,使氯化钾的产品粒度70%0.2 mm,基本达到了设计要求,降低了湿产品的含水量,减少了干燥成本。  相似文献   

Adsorption of tributyltin by tributyltin resistant marine Pseudoalteromonas sp. cells     

Haruo Mimura  Ryusei Sato  Yuichi Furuyama  Akira Taniike  Masahiro Yagi  Kazutoshi Yoshida  Akira Kitamura 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):877

The isolate, Pesudoalteromonas sp. TBT1, could grow to overcome the toxicity of tributyltin chloride (TBTCl) up to 30 μM in the absence of Cl⁻ in the medium until the cells reached an exponential phase of growth. The viability, however, was reduced after the cells reached a stationary phase. The degradation products, such as dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT), were not detected in the growth medium, indicating that the isolate has no ability to degrade TBT into less toxic DBT and MBT. Up to about 10^7.5 TBT molecules were adsorbed by a single cell. The observation of morphological changes with an electron microscope showed that the cell surface became wrinkled after exposure to the lethal concentration of 10 mM TBTCl. These results indicate that the resistance of the isolate toward the toxicity of TBTCl is not related to the unique cell surface, which seems to play an important role in preventing the diffusion of TBTCl into the cytoplasm.  相似文献   

Hydrodynamic loads on subsea robots     

Carlos Rivera  Michael Hinchey 《Ocean Engineering》1999,26(8):589

Free floating subsea robots are often subjected to complex hydrodynamic loads due to waves/currents and wakes from nearby structures. This makes control extremely difficult. Good hydrodynamics data might counteract this. This paper presents hydrodynamics data for two configurations undergoing various combinations of steady translation and approximately steady rotation. The two configurations are: a spherical body with a single fixed link arm and a two link arm without a body. For both configurations neural networks were found to provide a reasonable fit to the data. We believe that such fits could be used to improve control.  相似文献   

考虑主余震作用的近海桥墩时变地震易损性分析          下载免费PDF全文

梁岩  闫佳磊  牛欢  李杰 《地震工程学报》2019,41(4):887-894

基于OpenSEES平台,以某近海刚构桥桥墩为例,选取符合场地类型的地震波,并根据地震记录构造主余震序列。运用"能力需求比"分析方法建立不同服役时间节点桥墩控制截面在不同损伤状态条件下的地震易损性曲线,研究氯离子侵蚀和主余震序列对桥墩抗震性能的影响。结果表明:同一损伤状态的超越概率随着服役时间延长和PGA增大而不断变大,且随着损伤状态等级提高,超越概率逐渐降低。轻微损伤状态下,主余震序列对桥墩易损性影响较小;中等损伤、严重破坏和完全倒塌状态下,同一服役期,考虑主余震序列作用下桥墩的超越概率相比于仅考虑主震作用明显增大。  相似文献   

氯盐和冻融耦合下水泥土的强度和破坏特征     

张经双  段雪雷  马冬冬 《冰川冻土》2020,42(2):515-522

为了研究氯盐侵蚀和冻融循环耦合下水泥土无侧限抗压强度和破坏特征, 进行了不同浓度氯化钠溶液下的水泥土冻融循环试验, 得到了冻融前后的冻融腐蚀因子、 体积变化率和变形模量, 分析了微观结构特征。结果表明： 在氯盐侵蚀和冻融循环耦合下, 水泥土的无侧限抗压强度、 冻融腐蚀因子均随着冻融循环次数的增加而呈现下降趋势; 氯盐浓度越高, 水泥土的无侧限抗压强度、 冻融腐蚀因子下降的幅度越大。随着冻融循环次数的增加, 在同种浓度溶液中, 水泥土的体积变化率增大, 变形模量减小; 氯盐浓度增大, 水泥土体积膨胀变大, 内部结构松散, 抵抗变形的能力减弱。相同冻融循环次数下, 氯盐溶液产生的损伤要大于清水中的损伤, 随着氯盐溶液浓度的增加, 水泥土内部微观结构损伤越严重。  相似文献   

Histological Study on the Skin of Japanese Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus     

ZHU Jie  ZHANG Xiumei  and GAO Tianxiang Fisheries College  Ocean University of China  Qingdao  P.R.China 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2005,4(2)

Histological development of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus larval skin and ultrastructural difference of skin between reared normal and malpigmented Japanese flounder were studied with light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the skin develops slowly before the metamorphosis, while at the onset of metamorphosis, the skin develops quickly and becomes complete in structure till about 50d after being hatched. Ultrastructural observation on the normal and malpigmented skins shows that the iridophore and melanophore are adjacent to each other. Profile and structure of the two kinds of pigment cells are more complete in the skin of normal ocular side than in the skin of pigmented blind side. The ultrastructure of typical chloride cell was observed in the skin of Japanese flounder larvae for the first time.  相似文献   

离子色谱法测定土壤中氯、溴   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

时艳  李东雷  刘玺祥 《吉林地质》2004,23(4):101-105

采用扩散技术处理土壤样品,同时用离子色谱测定样品中氯和溴,该方法检出限分别达到4×10-6和0.3×10-6,精密度分别达到9.38%和7.20%。测定快速、操作简单,适合大批量样品分析。  相似文献