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31.
以兰州为例研究了中国西北黄土地区河谷城市的地震动参数小区划特征,论证了选择输入地震动的重要性以及地震动参数分区和当地场地特征、土层分类以及地貌分区的关系。根据兰州市区的场地条件和大量的计算结果将市区划分为三个小区,给出了各小区的设计地震动参数,编制出设计地震动参数小区划图。 相似文献
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黄明达 《云南地理环境研究》1995,7(2):64-72
在我国，城市跨界发展是近几年才出现的城市空间类型，它们主要是由传统计划经济体制下以切块设市方式形成的城市发展演变而来，其中以长江三角洲、珠江三角洲等经济发达地区为突出。跨界城市的发展向传统的以城市为主体，以物质形态规划为核心的城市规划提出了挑战，本文以苏锡常地区为例，分析了跨界城市发展的若干特征与问题，并对其规划发展进行了初步的探讨。 相似文献
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利用2000年6月\_2003年12月全国33个重点城市的PM10日监测数据与地面总辐射日观测数据, 结合总云量、 降水量等气象观测数据, 定量分析了人类活动排放的污染物质与地面总辐射的关系, 并分析了人类活动影响下的地面总辐射减少的时空分布特征。结果表明： 各观测站点的总辐射随着PM10浓度的增大而减小; 其空间特征表现为西北、 华北和华中地区的重点城市所受的影响较大, 而华南、 西南地区的重点城市所受影响较小; 其时间特征表现为春、 秋季影响较大, 而夏、 冬季影响相对较小\.总的来说, 在2001\_2003年人类活动产生的气溶胶使我国晴天地面总辐射减少20.1±1.9 W·m-2。 相似文献
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Debates about climate justice have mainly occurred at the international scale, and have focussed on the rights and responsibilities of nation-states to either be protected from the effects of climate change, or to take action to reduce emissions or support adaptation. In this paper, we argue that it is both productive and necessary to examine how climate justice is being pursued at the urban scale, which brings into focus the need for attention to issues of recognition as well as rights and responsibilities. Building on work from environmental justice, which has conceptualized justice as trivalent, we propose that climate justice can be understood as a pyramid, the faces of which are distributions, procedures, rights, responsibilities and recognition. We then apply this conceptual framework to examine climate change interventions in five cities; Bangalore, Monterrey, Hong Kong, Philadelphia and Berlin. Arguing that the politics and practices of urban climate change interventions are constantly engaging with and refracting the idea of justice, we examine how justice was articulated, practiced and contested across our cases. The perspective of recognition emerges as a particularly useful entry point through which to explore the types of rights, responsibilities, distributions and procedures required to respond justly to climate change. We conclude by reflecting on our framework, arguing that it is useful both as an analytical device to interrogate climate justice and to shape the design of climate change interventions which seek to ensure climate justice. 相似文献
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Urban resilience, a new urban development and governance agenda, is being rolled out from the top down by a network of public, private, non-profit sector actors forming a global urban resilience complex: producing norms that circulate globally, creating assessment tools rendering urban resilience technical and managerial, and commodifying urban resilience such that private sector involvement becomes integral to urban development planning and governance. The Rockefeller Foundation's 100 Resilience Cities Program is at the center of this complex, working with the World Bank, global consultants, NGOs, and private sector service providers to enroll cities, develop and circulate urban resilience assessment tools, and create a market catalyzed by the notion of a resilience dividend. Notwithstanding the claim of this program being open and inclusive, aspects of its initial operationalization in Jakarta suggest that urban resilience assessment tools preempt alternative understandings of urban resilience and marginalizing voices of the city's most vulnerable populations. 相似文献
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地域认同视角下沿海城市海洋性特征分析与评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
海洋是影响整个沿海城市发展方式和城市精神的重要因素。在定义沿海城市的海洋性特征概念的基础上,总结概括出13个体现沿海城市海洋性特征的影响因素,并以这些影响因素对形成地域认同感作用的直接程度为逻辑判断标准,运用解释结构模型（ISM）定性分析了这些因素影响人们地域认同感的递进关系。结果表明：城市海洋景观、城市涉海就业、城市海洋产品和服务消费对沿海城市地域认同感的影响最为直接;城市海洋文化和城市海洋产业生产是承上启下的关键环节;其他影响因素是系统的基础元素。参照该结果,构建了沿海城市海洋性特征评价体系,并运用舍弃等级论域的模糊综合评价方法对中国7个典型沿海城市进行评价排序。评价结果显示沿海城市海洋性特征：大连>青岛>宁波>上海>厦门>天津>深圳。 相似文献
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文化/创意产业、创意城市等相关概念辨析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
自20世纪80年代以来,西方国家的学术界以及政界政策报告中,出现了“文化/创意产业”和“创意城市”等诸多相关概念。本文对文化/创意产业、创意城市及其相关概念的背景、定义作了深刻的阐述和辨析,这既有利于学术界进一步的研究,也有利于各级政府相关政策的制定。我国在积极借鉴西方的理念之时,要注意分清它们的差异,以求合理运用。 相似文献
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Two central issues of climate change have become increasingly evident: Climate change will significantly affect cities; and rapid global urbanization will increase dramatically the number of individuals, amount of critical infrastructure, and means of economic production that are exposed and vulnerable to dynamic climate risks. Simultaneously, cities in many settings have begun to emerge as early adopters of climate change action strategies including greenhouse gas mitigation and adaptation. The objective of this paper is to examine and analyze how officials of one city – the City of New York – have integrated a flexible adaptation pathways approach into the municipality's climate action strategy. This approach has been connected with the City's ongoing response to Hurricane Sandy, which struck in the October 2012 and resulted in damages worth more than US$19 billion. A case study narrative methodology utilizing the Wise et al. conceptual framework (see this volume) is used to evaluate the effectiveness of the flexible adaptation pathways approach in New York City. The paper finds that Hurricane Sandy serves as a “tipping point” leading to transformative adaptation due to the explicit inclusion of increasing climate change risks in the rebuilding effort. The potential for transferability of the approach to cities varying in size and development stage is discussed, with elements useful across cities including the overall concept of flexible adaptation pathways, the inclusion of the full metropolitan region in the planning process, and the co-generation of climate-risk information by stakeholders and scientists. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTAlthough the term “sustainability” did not gain traction until the 1980s, concerns about the consequences of transportation technology started long before. This paper reviews the literature on urban transportation sustainability using three frameworks. First, urban transportation can be unsustainable environmentally, economically, and socially (the three pillars of sustainability). Second, sustainable strategies tend to fall into two paradigms. Sustainable Transport Technology improves current patterns of modes and trips by consuming less resources and generating less waste. Sustainable Travel Behavior and Built Environment takes a more holistic approach that targets more sustainable travel choices, recognizing that changes in the built environment that currently constrains those choices are also essential. Third, the Planner’s Triangle helps explain commonly encountered situations where inherent tradeoffs can impede win-win-win strategies across environmental, economic, and social domains. The paper concludes with future research directions and concluding thoughts about urban transportation and sustainability. 相似文献