清华大学CIESM模式及其参与CMIP6的方案     

林岩銮  黄小猛  梁逸爽  秦怡  徐世明  黄文誉  徐芳华  刘利  王勇  彭怡然  王兰宁  薛巍  付昊桓  张广俊  王斌  李锐喆  张诚  卢麾  阳坤  罗勇  白玉琪  宋振亚  王敏琦  赵文婕  张峰  徐敬蘅  赵曦  陆春松  骆亦其  陈奕兆  胡勇  唐强  陈德训  杨广文  宫鹏 《气候变化研究进展》2019,15(5):545-550

世界气候研究计划（WCRP）组织实施第六次国际耦合模式比较计划（CMIP6),清华大学联合国内多家单位,通过多年的模式研发,完成联合地球系统模式（CIESM),除了CMIP6的气候诊断、评估和描述试验（DECK）和历史气候模拟试验（Historical),模式拟参与6个CMIP6子计划。通过介绍该模式的基本情况及其参与的试验子计划,为今后模式试验数据使用者提供参考。  相似文献   

Leaf chlorophyll constraint on model simulated gross primary productivity in agricultural systems     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2015

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The use of time-series data in the assessment of macrobenthic community change after the cessation of sewage-sludge disposal in Liverpool Bay (UK)     

Whomersley P  Schratzberger M  Huxham M  Bates H  Rees H 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(1):32-41

Sewage sludge was disposed of in Liverpool Bay for over 100 years. Annual amounts increased from 0.5 million tonnes per annum in 1900 to approximately 2 million tonnes per annum by 1995. Macrofauna and a suite of environmental variables were collected at a station adjacent to, and a reference station distant from, the disposal site over 13 years, spanning a pre- (1990-1998) and post- (1999-2003) cessation period. Univariate and multivariate analyses of the time-series data showed significant community differences between reference and disposal site stations and multivariate analyses revealed station-specific community development post-disposal. Temporal variability of communities collected at the disposal station post-cessation was higher than during years of disposal, when temporally stable dominance patterns of disturbance-tolerant species had established. Alterations of community structure post-disturbance reflected successional changes possibly driven by facilitation. Subtle faunistic changes at the Liverpool Bay disposal site indicate that the near-field effects of the disposal of sewage sludge were small and therefore could be considered environmentally acceptable.  相似文献   

中国湿生芦苇群落退化研究现状     

张玉峰  何彤慧  张娟红  孙晓波 《湿地科学与管理》2012,8(1):47-50

芦苇群落是湿地生态系统的先锋植物群落,作为湿生、半湿生生态系统的主要生产者,是水体生态系统中物流和能流的物质基础,具有维持生态系统生物多样性和环境稳定性等功能。由于社会经济发展与生态保护之间的矛盾,湿地芦苇群落受到严重破坏。综述了芦苇群落退化的主要现状,同时总结分析了芦苇在水分、盐分、水质等逆境胁迫下,以及土壤养分等与群落生长的关系,认为针对种群退化研究的整体水平还需微观层次的探索和支持。  相似文献   

基于中国植被数据的陆面覆盖及其对陆面过程模拟的影响   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

陈锋  谢正辉 《大气科学》2009,33(4):681-697

本文基于中国1:100万植被图、马里兰大学AVHRR森林覆盖资料和中国753个气象站点40年的降水气温资料, 发展了一套用于气候模拟的中国陆面覆盖资料(Chinese land cover derived from vegetation map, 简称CLCV)。该套资料与CLM(Community Land Model)原来所用的MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) 陆面覆盖资料相比有较大不同: 其中裸土比例减少了14.5%, 森林、灌木、草原和农作物比例分别增加了3.3%、4.8%、4.4%和0.3%, 冰川、湖泊和湿地比例分别增加了0.4%、0.8%和0.6%。将CLCV和MODIS资料分别与全国土地资源概查汇总结果分省统计资料和基于中国1 km土地利用图的土地利用资料比较表明, CLCV与两者较为接近。最后, 利用CLM模式分别采用CLCV与MODIS陆面覆盖资料在中国区域内进行数值模拟, 结果显示, 使用CLCV资料所模拟的蒸散增加了约7.7 mm/a; 地表反照率、 感热和径流分别减小了约0.7%、 0.3 W/m2和7.6 mm/a; 与MODIS卫星反演地表反照率和GRDC (Global Runoff Data Centre) 径流资料比较表明, 利用CLCV资料所模拟的地表反照率有一定改进, 并能基本模拟出径流分布趋势。  相似文献   

ROBUST: The ROle of BUffering capacities in STabilising coastal lagoon ecosystems     

Rutger de Wit  Lucas J. Stal  Bente Aa. Lomstein  Rodney A. Herbert  Hans van Gemerden  Pierluigi Viaroli  Victor-Ugo Cecherelli  Francisco Rodríguez-Valera  Marco Bartoli  Gianmarco Giordani  Roberta Azzoni  Bart Schaub  David T. Welsh  Andrew Donnelly  Ana Cifuentes  Josefa Antn  Kai Finster  Lise B. Nielsen  Anne-Grethe Underlien Pedersen  Anne Turi Neubauer  Marina A. Colangelo  Sander K. Heijs 《Continental Shelf Research》2001,21(18-19)

“Buffer capacities” has been defined in ecology as a holistic concept (e.g., Integration of Ecosystem Theories: A Pattern, second ed. Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1997, 388pp), but we show that it can also be worked out in mechanistic studies. Our mechanistic approach highlights that “buffering capacities” can be depleted progressively, and, therefore, we make a distinction between current and potential “buffering capacities”. We have applied this concept to understand the limited “local stability” in seagrass ecosystems and their vulnerability towards structural changes into macro-algal dominated communities. We explored the following processes and studied how they confer buffering capacities to the seagrass ecosystem: (i) net autotrophy is persistent in Zostera noltii meadows where plant assimilation acts as a sink for nutrients, this contrasted with the Ulva system that shifted back and forth between net autotrophy and net heterotrophy; (ii) the Z. noltii ecosystem possesses a certain albeit rather limited capacity to modify the balance between nitrogen fixation and denitrification, i.e., it was found that in situ nitrogen fixation always exceeded denitrification; (iii) the nitrogen demand of organoheterotrophic bacteria in the sediment results in nitrogen retention of N in the sediment and hence a buffer against release of nitrogen compounds from sediments, (iv) habitat diversification in seagrass meadows provides shelter for meiofauna and hence buffering against adverse conditions, (v) sedimentary iron provides a buffer against noxious sulfide (note: bacterial sulfide production is enhanced in anoxic sediment niches by increased organic matter loading). On the other hand, in the coastal system we studied, sedimentary iron appears less important as a redox-coupled buffer system against phosphate loading. This is because most inorganic phosphate is bound to calcium rather than to iron. In addition, our studies have highlighted the importance of plant–microbe interactions in the seagrass meadows.  相似文献   

版纳勐养保护区鸟类及人为影响分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王直军  贾知行 《云南地理环境研究》1994,6(1):78-83

切实保护和利用好西双版纳现存热带森林，是急需处理的现实问题。本文通过勐养自然保护区鸟类调查结果，揭示了西双版纳保护区管理现状。多数地区实际上未管理起来，林区居民仍滥用自然资源，对鸟类的猎捕从未停止，有的地方颇为严重；从生物多样性着眼，环境质量在下降。现已管理起来的三岔河保护区，尽管旅游开放后尚存许多问题亟待探索和改进，但鸟类保护状况已明显改善，说明自然保护区旅游在科学管理下才是可行的。就此，本文分析、评价了勐养保护区鸟类受人为影响情况，对自然保护区管理工作提出建议。  相似文献   

Effective Community Engagement for Sustainability: Wombat Community Forest Management Case Study     

ANITRA NELSON  CHRISTOPHER PETTIT 《The Australian geographer》2004,35(3):301-315

The first significant government sponsored community‐based forest management project in Australia was initiated in Central Victoria in 2002. This paper analyses the initial stage of the Wombat Community Forest Management Pilot Project. The paper develops a functional concept of ‘effective community’ for structuring community engagement in these kinds of natural resource management projects. The effective community has characteristics in common with a community of interest, adopts a bioregional perspective, embodies the values of environmental stewardship and interacts in a fully informed way as a ‘discursive community’ (Meppam 2000 Meppam, T. 2000. ‘The discursive community: evolving institutional structures for planning sustainability’, Ecological Economics, 34: 47–61.  [Google Scholar]). The paper offers general advice for organising effective community engagement in such projects and 12 recommendations for governments developing similar initiatives elsewhere.  相似文献   

Participatory methods of incorporating scientific with traditional knowledge for volcanic hazard management on Ambae Island,Vanuatu   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

Shane?J.?CroninEmail author  David?R.?Gaylord  Douglas?Charley  Brent?V.?Alloway  Sandrine?Wallez  Job?W.?Esau 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2004,66(7):652-668

Ambae Island is the largest of Vanuatus active volcanoes. It is also one of the nations potentially most dangerous, with 60 million m³ of lake-water perched at over 1340 m in the summit caldera and over the active vent. In 1995, small phreatic explosions, earthquake swarms and heightened gas release led to calls for evacuation preparation and community volcanic hazard awareness programs for the ~9500 inhabitants. Differences in perspective or world-view between the island dwellers adhering to traditional beliefs (Kastom) and external scientists and emergency managers led to a climate of distrust following this crisis. In an attempt to address these issues, rebuild dialogue and respect between communities, outside scientists and administrators, and move forward in volcanic hazard education and planning for Ambae, we adapted and applied Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) approaches. Initial gender-segregated PRA exercises from two representative communities provided a mechanism for cataloguing local traditional viewpoints and hazard perceptions. Ultimately, by combining elements of these viewpoints and perceptions with science-based management structures, we derived volcanic hazard management guidelines, supported by an alert system and map that were more readily accepted by the test communities than the earlier top-down plans imposed by outside governmental and scientific agencies. The strength of PRA approaches is that they permit scientists to understand important local perspective issues, including visualisations of volcanic hazards, weaknesses in internal and external communication systems, and gender and hierarchy conflicts, all of which can hinder community emergency management. The approach we describe has much to offer both developing and industrialised communities that wish to improve their awareness programs and mitigative planning. This approach should also enhance communication and understanding between volcanologists and the communities they serve.  相似文献   

Claiming space and community: rural women’s strategies for living with, and beyond, fear     

Ruth Panelli  Anna Kraack 《Geoforum》2005,36(4):495-508

Following the well-established literature on women’s fear in urban contexts, a small but important literature has also begun to document accounts of boldness, fearlessness and empowerment. We extend this work by considering ways in which women live with, and beyond, experiences of fear. We argue that fear and fearlessness are not discrete and separate states, but rather they are often simultaneous conditions that women negotiate in complex ways. Moving away from a sense of victims and passivity, we suggest that women have spatial and social strategies that can be adopted when they face fear or take up forms of action that might be termed ‘bold’ or ‘courageous’. Consequently, this work draws on Koskela’s [Gender, Place and Culture 4 (1997) 301] previous discussion of ‘bold women’ in Finland to develop a notion of agency and highlight strategies that some rural women adopt in New Zealand.  相似文献