Petrology of the greenstones of the Lower Sorachi Group in the Sorachi–Yezo Belt, central Hokkaido, Japan, with special reference to discrimination between oceanic plateau basalts and mid-oceanic ridge basalts     

Tohru Nagahashi  Sumio Miyashita 《Island Arc》2002,11(2):122-141

Abstract   The Lower Sorachi Group of the Sorachi–Yezo Belt in central Hokkaido, Japan is a peculiar accretionary complex characterized by numerous occurrences of greenstones (metabasalts and diabases), which are mostly composed of aphyric basalts. Clinopyroxene-rich phenocryst assemblage in phyric basalts is different from olivine–plagioclase assemblage in mid-oceanic ridge basalts (MORB). The greenstones are geochemically uniform, and show a lower-Ti trend than MORB in an FeO*/MgO-TiO₂ diagram, mostly plotting on the island arc tholeiite (IAT) field in a TiO₂−10MnO−10P₂O₅ diagram. In a MORB-normalized spider diagram, the greenstones show a flat pattern from P to Y, which are lower than those of normal mid-oceanic ridge basalt (N-MORB). These indicate that the greenstones were derived by a higher degree of partial melting from a depleted mantle similar to a N-MORB source, and experienced olivine–clinopyroxene fractional crystallization. However, a positive spike of Nb in the spider diagram cannot be explained, and may be attributed to mantle heterogeneity. These characteristics are analogous to those of oceanic plateau basalts (OPB) such as in Ontong Java Plateau, Manihiki Plateau and Nauru Basin, suggesting that the greenstones in the Lower Sorachi Group are of oceanic plateau origin. The present study proposes new field divisions to distinguish OPB from MORB in the conventional FeO*/MgO–TiO₂ and TiO₂−10MnO−10P₂O₅ diagrams.  相似文献   

Radiative and Evaporative Cooling in the Entrainment Zone of Stratocumulus – the Role of Longwave Radiative Cooling Above Cloud Top     

Margreet C. Vanzanten 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2002,102(2):253-280

A mixing fraction determines the relative amount of above-cloud-top air that has been mixed into a cloudy air parcel. A method, based on the use of mixing fractions, to calculate the cooling effects due to mixing, longwave radiation and phase changes at cloud top is derived and discussed. We compute cooling effects for the whole range of mixing fraction for two observed cases of the stratocumulus-topped marine boundary layer. In both cases the total radiative cooling effect is found to be the most dominant contributor to the negative buoyancy excess found at cloud top. The largest radiative cooling rates are found for clear-air parcels immediately adjacent to cloud top rather than inside the cloud. With the help of a simple longwave radiation model, we show this to be caused by clear-air radiative cooling due to the temperature inversion at cloud top. Further we show that flux profiles in the entrainment zone can be computed from data obtained from a horizontal level run that is half the time in cloud and half the time out of cloud.  相似文献   

Discovery of Enclaves from Cenozoic Pulu Volcanic Rocks in West Kunlun Mountains and Its Geological Implications     

ZhangZhaochong  XiaoXuchang 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2002,13(1):30-34

In this paper,we present the occurrence and mineral components of the enclaves firstly dis-covered in the Cenozoic Pulu volcanic rocks in west Kunlun Mountains,and propose that the enclave is accumulated by fractional crystallization within high-level magma chamber.In addition,the chemical compostions of its primary magma are calculated.The calculated compositions are similar to those of the Kangxiwa volcanic rocks that belong to the same volcanic belt in the Pulu volcanic region,suggesting their origin from the same source region.However,the temperatures and oxygen fugacity of magmas at high-level magma chamber decreased along with fractional crystallization.  相似文献   

同构造花岗岩的一种显微构造标记   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

谢才富 《岩石矿物学杂志》2002,21(2):179-185

在许多同构造花岗岩中，发现一种不同于糜棱基质的微细粒矿物集合体－－微粒交生体，充填于大粒级矿物的三结点和接合缝内，体积分数一般为2％－6％，由微粒石英、斜长石、钾长石、蠕状石等组成，成分上与花岗质岩浆的晚期结晶产物相当。根据其产状、成分、岩相学特征及有关实验资料，认为它是较强应力作用下岩石所含少量残余熔体（质量分数约小于3％－5％）的结晶产物，可作为岩体同构造侵位结晶的显微构造标志。  相似文献   

黑鳞云母花岗质岩浆的结晶分异及钠长花岗质岩浆的形成   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

熊小林  饶冰  朱金初  赵振华  王贤觉 《岩石学报》2002,18(2):223-230

以含F、过铝质、K_2O>Na_2O为特征的浅色黑鳞云母花岗岩为初始物,在P=150MPa,T=850～650℃和H_2O不饱和条件下进行熔化-结晶分异实验,结果表明:首先晶出的是石英和富钾碱性长石;随结晶温度下降和结晶相含量的增加,残余熔体中挥发份F及Na_2O、Al_2O_3含量逐渐增加,SiO_2、K_2O、CaO含量减少,显示含F浅色花岗质熔体具有向贫硅富钠的富氟钠长花岗质熔体组成演化的趋势;700℃开始,残余熔体具有天然富氟钠长花岗岩的组成特征:富Na_2O(Na_2O>K_2O)、Al_2O_3(>16％)和F(>1.5％)。上述残余熔体组成的演化特征与自然界从含氟黑鳞云母花岗岩到富氟钠长花岗岩的组成变化规律是一致的,充分证明了在本文的实验条件下,含氟黑鳞云母花岗岩能够经结晶分异演化出富氟钠长花岗岩熔体。  相似文献   

可可西里北缘中新世火山活动带的基本特征     

孙延贵 《青海国土经略》1992,(2)

可可西里北缘火山活动带为可可西里中新世火山活动区数条火山活动带之一,其特征十分典型。本文以火山地质、同位素、岩石化学以及稀土元素地球化学为基础对其岩浆来源、演化、火山活动规律进行了研究。该火山带粗安岩-粗面岩-亚碱性流纹岩组合与世界高原溢流玄武岩类似,同时反映大陆伸展的构造环境。  相似文献   

Petrogenesis of A-type granites and origin of vertical zoning in the Katharina pluton, Gebel Mussa (Mt. Moses) area, Sinai, Egypt     

Y. Katzir  M. Eyal  B.A. Litvinovsky  B.M. Jahn  A.N. Zanvilevich  J.W. Valley  Y. Beeri  I. Pelly  E. Shimshilashvili 《Lithos》2007,95(3-4):208-228

The central pluton within the Neoproterozoic Katharina Ring Complex (area of Gebel Mussa, traditionally believed to be the biblical Mt. Sinai) shows a vertical compositional zoning: syenogranite makes up the bulk of the pluton and grades upwards to alkali-feldspar granites. The latters form two horizontal subzones, an albite–alkali feldspar (Ab–Afs) granite and an uppermost perthite granite. These two varieties are chemically indistinguishable. Syenogranite, as compared with alkali-feldspar granites, is richer in Ca, Sr, K, Ba and contains less SiO₂, Rb, Y, Nb and U; Eu/Eu* values are 0.22–0.33 for syenogranite and 0.08–0.02 for alkali-feldspar granites. The δ¹⁸O (Qtz) is rather homogeneous throughout the pluton, 8.03–8.55‰. The δ¹⁸O (Afs) values in the syenogranite are appreciably lower relative to those in the alkali–feldspar granites: 7.59–8.75‰ vs. 8.31–9.12‰. A Rb–Sr isochron (n = 9) yields an age of 593 ± 16 Ma for the Katharina Ring Complex (granite pluton and ring dikes).

The alkali–feldspar granites were generated mainly by fractional crystallization of syenogranite magma. The model for residual melt extraction and accumulation is based on the estimated extent of crystallization ( 50 wt.%), which approximates the rigid percolation threshold for silicic melts. The fluid-rich residual melt could be separated efficiently by its upward flow through the rigid clusters of crystal phase. Crystallization of the evolved melt started with formation of hypersolvus granite immediately under the roof. Fluid influx from the inner part of the pluton to its apical zone persisted and caused increase of P_H2O in the magma below the perthite granite zone. Owing to the presence of F and Ca in the melt, P_H2O of only slightly more than 1 kbar allows crystallization of subsolvus Ab–Afs granite. Abundance of turbid alkali feldspars and their ¹⁸O/¹⁶O enrichment suggest that crystallization of alkali-feldspar granites was followed by subsolvus fluid–rock interaction; the δ¹⁸O (Fsp) values point to magmatic origin of fluids.

The stable and radiogenic isotope data [δ¹⁸O (Zrn) = 5.82 ± 0.06‰, I_Sr = 0.7022 ± 0.0064, ε_Nd (T) values are + 3.6 and + 3.9] indicate that the granite magma was generated from a ‘juvenile’ source, which is typical of the rocks making up most of the Arabian–Nubian shield.  相似文献   

峨眉山高钛玄武岩物源的不均一性研究     

严再飞  黄智龙  程礼军  许成  陈觅 《矿物岩石》2007,27(4):60-65

对二滩地区高钛玄武岩物源研究表明,该区岩石可分为高钛-1和高钛-2两种岩石类型。其反映了二滩高钛玄武岩浆物源的不均一性,这种不均一性主要表现在:1)微量元素Zr,Sr含量明显不同;2)部分熔融程度和熔融压力不同;3)岩浆的结晶分异不同;4)Pb同位素比值不同。这可能是深源地幔柱(来自核-幔边界或下地幔)在上升过程中携带的不同物质发生部分熔融所致。  相似文献   

Petrology, geochemistry and zircon age for redwitzite at Abertamy, NW Bohemian Massif (Czech Republic): tracing the mantle component in Late Variscan intrusions     

Pavla Ková?íková  Wolfgang Siebel  Miroslav Štemprok  František V. Holub 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2007,67(2):151-174

A small body of mafic texturally and compositionally varied igneous intrusive rocks corresponding to redwitzites occurs at Abertamy in the Western pluton of the Krušné hory/Erzgebirge granite batholith (Czech Republic). It is enclosed by porphyritic biotite granite of the older intrusive suite in the southern contact zone of the Nejdek-Eibenstock granite massif. We examined the petrology and geochemistry of the rocks and compared the data with those on redwitzites described from NE Bavaria and Western Bohemia.The redwitzites from Abertamy are coarse- to medium-grained rocks with massive textures and abundant up to 2 cm large randomly oriented biotite phenocrysts overgrowing the groundmass. They are high in MgO, Cr and Ni but have lower Rb and Li contents than the redwitzites in NE Bavaria. Compositional linear trends from redwitzites to granites at Abertamy indicate crystal fractionation and magma mixing in a magma chamber as possible mechanisms of magma differentiation. Plots of MgO versus SiO₂, TiO₂, Al₂O₃, FeO, CaO, Na₂O, and K₂O indicate mainly plagioclase and orthopyroxene fractionation as viable mechanisms for in situ differentiation of the redwitzites.The porphyritic biotite monzogranite enclosing the redwitzite is the typical member of the early granitic suite (Older Intrusive Complex, OIC ) with strongly developed transitional I/S-type features. The ages of zircons obtained by the single zircon Pb-evaporation method suggest that the redwitzites and granites at Abertamy originated during the same magmatic period of the Variscan plutonism at about 322 Ma.The granitic melts have been so far mainly interpreted to be formed by heat supply from a thickened crust or decompression melting accompanying exhumation and uplift of overthickened crust in the Krušné hory/Erzgebirge due to a previous collisional event at ca. 340 Ma. The presence of mafic bodies in the Western pluton of the Krušné hory/Erzgebirge batholith confirms a more significant role of mantle-derived mafic magmas in heating of the sources of granitic melts than previously considered.  相似文献   

Magma evolution of Quaternary minor volcanic centres in southern Peru,Central Andes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Adélie Delacour  Marie-Christine Gerbe  Jean-Claude Thouret  Gerhard Wörner  Perrine Paquereau-Lebti 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2007,69(6):581-608

Minor centres in the Central Volcanic Zone (CVZ) of the Andes occur in different places and are essential indicators of magmatic processes leading to formation of composite volcano. The Andahua–Orcopampa and Huambo monogenetic fields are located in a unique tectonic setting, in and along the margins of a deep valley. This valley, oblique to the NW–SE-trend of the CVZ, is located between two composite volcanoes (Nevado Coropuna to the east and Nevado Sabancaya to the west). Structural analysis of these volcanic fields, based on SPOT satellite images, indicates four main groups of faults. These faults may have controlled magma ascent and the distribution of most centres in this deep valley shaped by en-echelon faulting. Morphometric criteria and ¹⁴C age dating attest to four main periods of activity: Late Pleistocene, Early to Middle Holocene, Late Holocene and Historic. The two most interesting features of the cones are the wide compositional range of their lavas (52.1 to 68.1 wt.% SiO₂) and the unusual occurrence of mafic lavas (olivine-rich basaltic andesites and basaltic andesites). Occurrence of such minor volcanic centres and mafic magmas in the CVZ may provide clues about the magma source in southern Peru. Such information is otherwise difficult to obtain because lavas produced by composite volcanoes are affected by shallow processes that strongly mask source signatures. Major, trace, and rare earth elements, as well as Sr-, Nd-, Pb- and O-isotope data obtained on high-K calc-alkaline lavas of the Andahua–Orcopampa and Huambo volcanic province characterise their source and their evolution. These lavas display a range comparable to those of the CVZ composite volcanoes for radiogenic and stable isotopes (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr: 0.70591–0.70694, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd: 0.512317–0.512509, ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb: 18.30–18.63, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb: 15.57–15.60, ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb: 38.49–38.64, and δ ¹⁸O: 7.1–10.0‰ SMOW), attesting to involvement of a crustal component. Sediment is absent from the Peru–Chile trench, and hence cannot be the source of such enrichment. Partial melts of the lowermost part of the thick Andean continental crust with a granulitic garnet-bearing residue added to mantle-derived arc magmas in a high-pressure MASH [melting, assimilation, storage and homogenisation] zone may play a major role in magma genesis. This may also explain the chemical characteristics of the Andahua–Orcopampa and Huambo magmas. Fractional crystallisation processes are the main governors of magma evolution for the Andahua–Orcopampa and Huambo volcanic province. An open-system evolution is, however, required to explain some O-isotopes and some major and trace elements values. Modelling of AFC processes suggests the Charcani gneisses and the local Andahua–Orcopampa and Huambo basement may be plausible contaminants.  相似文献