基于重力异常分离方法寻找深部隐伏铁矿 ——以安徽泥河铁矿为例   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1  

刘彦  严加永  吴明安  赵文广  赵金花  邓震 《地球物理学报》2012,55(12):4181-4193

重力异常是地下不同规模、不同形态和不同埋深的不均匀地质体的综合响应,重力勘探主要通过从重力异常中提取感兴趣的局部异常,以便探测深部结构,寻找隐伏矿床.为探讨重力异常分离原则并检验方法效果,本文从各方法原理入手,加上模型试验以及在安徽省泥河矿区深部隐伏铁矿的探寻实践检验,阐明:趋势分析法是整体拟合不同于最小二乘圆滑的局部拟合,由于是多项式拟合区域场,趋势分析法不适宜范围大、地质情况复杂的测区;插值切割法以计算点场值与四点圆周平均值的插值运算为切割算子,通过连续切割,得到重力异常的切割区域场和局部场,插值切割法对于小测区单个异常的分离效果较好,切割次数选择1到2次即可;匹配滤波法通过分析实测异常功率谱曲线、选择合适的滤波段、建造适宜的低通和带通滤波器进行滤波,从而提取不同波数成分的异常场,匹配滤波更适合垂向叠加的异常分离;解析延拓是根据一个面上的一组位场数据确定另一个不同高度面上位场值,应用中要把握延拓高度;垂向二阶导数法可以起到突出浅源异常,区分水平叠加异常,确定异常体的边界,消除或削弱背景场的作用.通过安徽泥河铁矿重力异常分离实验,发现三阶趋势分析、向上延拓以及插值切割法能很好地分离出矿体异常和背景场,同时发现在泥河矿区东南部和东北部还存在剩余重力异常,可为泥河铁矿扩大规模提供新的线索.  相似文献   

Deghosting by echo‐deblending          下载免费PDF全文

A.J. Berkhout  Gerrit Blacquière 《Geophysical Prospecting》2016,64(2):406-420

A marine source generates both a direct wavefield and a ghost wavefield. This is caused by the strong surface reflectivity, resulting in a blended source array, the blending process being natural. The two unblended response wavefields correspond to the real source at the actual location below the water level and to the ghost source at the mirrored location above the water level. As a consequence, deghosting becomes deblending (‘echo‐deblending’) and can be carried out with a deblending algorithm. In this paper we present source deghosting by an iterative deblending algorithm that properly includes the angle dependence of the ghost: It represents a closed‐loop, non‐causal solution. The proposed echo‐deblending algorithm is also applied to the detector deghosting problem. The detector cable may be slanted, and shot records may be generated by blended source arrays, the blending being created by simultaneous sources. Similar to surface‐related multiple elimination the method is independent of the complexity of the subsurface; only what happens at and near the surface is relevant. This means that the actual sea state may cause the reflection coefficient to become frequency dependent, and the water velocity may not be constant due to temporal and lateral variations in the pressure, temperature, and salinity. As a consequence, we propose that estimation of the actual ghost model should be part of the echo‐deblending algorithm. This is particularly true for source deghosting, where interaction of the source wavefield with the surface may be far from linear. The echo‐deblending theory also shows how multi‐level source acquisition and multi‐level streamer acquisition can be numerically simulated from standard acquisition data. The simulated multi‐level measurements increase the performance of the echo‐deblending process. The output of the echo‐deblending algorithm on the source side consists of two ghost‐free records: one generated by the real source at the actual location below the water level and one generated by the ghost source at the mirrored location above the water level. If we apply our algorithm at the detector side as well, we end up with four ghost‐free shot records. All these records are input to migration. Finally, we demonstrate that the proposed echo‐deblending algorithm is robust for background noise.  相似文献   

Implications of surface wave data measurement uncertainty on seismic ground response analysis     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2014

The extent of data uncertainty of surface-wave measurements may have significant consequences on 1D seismic response analysis and it may lead to inaccurate estimate of design ground motion. In this paper, an attempt has been made to quantify the data measurement uncertainty from a large repetition of the field data at two test sites and to determine bounds of data uncertainty. In the inversion with neighborhood algorithm, we generated profiles below the misfit value calculated from the uncertainty bound. Equivalent profiles have been selected covering the whole misfit value range and these profiles are subjected to equivalent linear 1D ground response analysis. The results of seismic response analysis are presented in the form of amplification spectra and response spectra which show remarkable variations. Significant variation is observed in peak frequency and peak amplification and it differs from one site to the other based on their measured data uncertainty bound. Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) and peak spectral acceleration at both the sites reflect very high Coefficient of Variation (COV).  相似文献   

Comparison of Ensemble Kalman Filter groundwater-data assimilation methods based on stochastic moment equations and Monte Carlo simulation     

《Advances in water resources》2014

Traditional Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) data assimilation requires computationally intensive Monte Carlo (MC) sampling, which suffers from filter inbreeding unless the number of simulations is large. Recently we proposed an alternative EnKF groundwater-data assimilation method that obviates the need for sampling and is free of inbreeding issues. In our new approach, theoretical ensemble moments are approximated directly by solving a system of corresponding stochastic groundwater flow equations. Like MC-based EnKF, our moment equations (ME) approach allows Bayesian updating of system states and parameters in real-time as new data become available. Here we compare the performances and accuracies of the two approaches on two-dimensional transient groundwater flow toward a well pumping water in a synthetic, randomly heterogeneous confined aquifer subject to prescribed head and flux boundary conditions.  相似文献   

Improving the estimation of hydrological states in the SWAT model via the ensemble Kalman smoother: Synthetic experiments for the Heihe River Basin in northwest China     

《Advances in water resources》2014

Data assimilation as a method to predict variables, reduce uncertainties and explicitly handle various sources of uncertainties has recently received widespread attention and has been utilized to combine in situ and remotely sensed measurements with hydrological models. However, factors that significantly influence the capability of data assimilation still need testing and verifying. In this paper, synthetic surface soil moisture data are assimilated into the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to evaluate their impact on other hydrological variables via the ensemble Kalman smoother (EnKS), using data from the Heihe River Basin, northwest China. The results show that the assimilation of surface soil moisture can moderately improve estimates of deep layer soil moisture, surface runoff and lateral flow, which reduces the negative influences of erroneous forcing and inaccurate parameters. The effects of the spatially heterogeneous input data (land cover and soil type) on the performance of the data assimilation technique are noteworthy. Moreover, the approaches including inflation and localization are specifically diagnosed to further extend the capability of the EnKS.  相似文献   

广东韶关地震台VS型垂直摆倾斜仪资料质量分析     

李壮  禹小军 《山西地震》2014,(2):11-16

对韶关地震台VS型垂直摆倾斜仪近5年的完整率进行统计,简单分析出影响完整率的各种因素,并列举了几种常见的干扰。通过潮汐的相关参数等来初步分析仪器的数据质量,为地震预测研究提供具有一定参考价值的观测数据。  相似文献   

集合资料同化中方差滤波技术研究及试验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘柏年  张卫民  曹小群  赵延来  皇群博  罗雨 《地球物理学报》2015,58(5):1526-1534

本文基于YH4DVAR业务系统构建了集合资料同化试验平台,利用10个集合样本统计得到的流依赖背景误差能显著改进业务应用中背景误差方差的结构和大小.但是受样本数的限制,背景误差方差的集合估计值中引入了大量的随机取样噪声.为了降低噪声对估计值的影响,本文采用谱滤波方法,根据信号和噪声尺度的统计特征构造一个低通滤波器来滤除背景误差方差估计值中的大部分随机取样噪声.在2013年第九号台风"飞燕"的集合方差滤波试验中,10个样本的滤波结果优于30个样本的集合估计值.谱滤波方法的成功应用有效降低了集合资料同化系统对集合样本数的要求,将是集合资料同化系统未来业务化运行的一项不可或缺的关键技术.  相似文献   

结晶岩地区深地震数据采集关键技术与方法   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

陈明春  刘振东  吕庆田  杨文平  严加永  赵金花 《地球物理学报》2015,58(12):4544-4558

深反射地震是了解深部地质结构的主要手段,获取高品质的数据是给出合理地质解释的基础.在结晶岩地区,由于地层成层性差、非均质性严重,地震散射效应明显,导致地震波场复杂,同时结晶岩为非理想弹性体,不利于地震波能量转换,有效反射能量弱,信噪比低.加之深反射地震的目标层较深且受环境噪声干扰严重,高频信号衰减快,地震资料主频较低.这些因素使得在结晶岩区难以获得高品质的地震资料,为探索提高该类地区深反射地震资料质量的方法和技术,本文依托长江中下游成矿带2009—2014年深反射地震数据采集工作,在精细设计、严格施工的基础上,从激发和接收入手,开展了"轴向不耦合激发"、"宽频接收"和"宽线观测"等技术方法试验研究.结果表明,这些方法技术措施提高了下传弹性波能量,展宽了接收地震信号的频带,提高了覆盖次数和信噪比,有效改善了地震原始资料的品质和成像效果.研究结果对今后结晶岩地区深地震反射数据采集工作具有重要的实用价值和参考意义.  相似文献   

Reorientation of three‐component borehole magnetic data          下载免费PDF全文

S. Ehmann  A. Hördt  M. Leven  E. Steveling 《Geophysical Prospecting》2015,63(1):225-242

Three‐component borehole magnetics provide important additional information compared to total field or horizontal and vertical measurements. These data can be used for several tasks such as the localization of ferromagnetic objects, the determination of apparent polar wander curves and the computation of the magnetization of rock units. However, the crucial point in three‐component borehole magnetics is the reorientation of the measured data from the tool's frame to the geographic reference frame North, East and Downwards. For this purpose, our tool, the Göttinger Borehole Magnetometer, comprises three orthogonally aligned fibre optic gyros along with three fluxgate sensors. With these sensors, the vector of the magnetic field along with the tool rotation can be recorded continuously during the measurement. Using the high–precision gyro data, we can compute the vector of the magnetic anomaly with respect to the Earth's reference frame. Based on the comparison of several logs measured in the Outokumpu Deep Drill Hole (OKU R2500, Finland), the repeatability of the magnetic field vector is 0.8° in azimuthal direction, 0.08° in inclination and 71 nT in magnitude.  相似文献   

Velocity model building from seismic reflection data by full‐waveform inversion          下载免费PDF全文

Stéphane Operto  Jean Virieux 《Geophysical Prospecting》2015,63(2):354-367

Full‐waveform inversion is re‐emerging as a powerful data‐fitting procedure for quantitative seismic imaging of the subsurface from wide‐azimuth seismic data. This method is suitable to build high‐resolution velocity models provided that the targeted area is sampled by both diving waves and reflected waves. However, the conventional formulation of full‐waveform inversion prevents the reconstruction of the small wavenumber components of the velocity model when the subsurface is sampled by reflected waves only. This typically occurs as the depth becomes significant with respect to the length of the receiver array. This study first aims to highlight the limits of the conventional form of full‐waveform inversion when applied to seismic reflection data, through a simple canonical example of seismic imaging and to propose a new inversion workflow that overcomes these limitations. The governing idea is to decompose the subsurface model as a background part, which we seek to update and a singular part that corresponds to some prior knowledge of the reflectivity. Forcing this scale uncoupling in the full‐waveform inversion formalism brings out the transmitted wavepaths that connect the sources and receivers to the reflectors in the sensitivity kernel of the full‐waveform inversion, which is otherwise dominated by the migration impulse responses formed by the correlation of the downgoing direct wavefields coming from the shot and receiver positions. This transmission regime makes full‐waveform inversion amenable to the update of the long‐to‐intermediate wavelengths of the background model from the wide scattering‐angle information. However, we show that this prior knowledge of the reflectivity does not prevent the use of a suitable misfit measurement based on cross‐correlation, to avoid cycle‐skipping issues as well as a suitable inversion domain as the pseudo‐depth domain that allows us to preserve the invariant property of the zero‐offset time. This latter feature is useful to avoid updating the reflectivity information at each non‐linear iteration of the full‐waveform inversion, hence considerably reducing the computational cost of the entire workflow. Prior information of the reflectivity in the full‐waveform inversion formalism, a robust misfit function that prevents cycle‐skipping issues and a suitable inversion domain that preserves the seismic invariant are the three key ingredients that should ensure well‐posedness and computational efficiency of full‐waveform inversion algorithms for seismic reflection data.  相似文献