气候变化和人类活动对塔里木盆地绿洲演化的影响   总被引：17，自引：4，他引：13  

张宏  樊自立 《中国沙漠》1998,18(4):308-313

通过对不同时间尺度下气候变化和人类活动对塔里木盆地绿洲形成与演化的影响分析。认为水文状况的变化是决定绿洲演化的首要因素,气候变化与人类活动也正是通过直接或间接地对绿洲水文状况产生影响而导致绿洲演化的。人类活动对绿洲演化的影响是局部的、阶段性的,而气候变化对绿洲演化的影响则是宏观的、连续性的。  相似文献   

A numerical experiment study for effects of the grassland desertification on summer drought in North China   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Zheng Weizhong  Ni Yunqi 《大气科学进展》1999,16(2):251-262

1IntroductionDManyobservationsandstudiesindicatethatthesummerrainfallinNorthChinadecreasessignificantlyduringrecenttwentyyears.Theobviousreductiontendencycanbeseenfromthevariationofpercentageofsummerrainfallanomaly(June--August)intheplainofNorthChina...  相似文献   

吉林省西部荒漠化发展的陆地卫星遥感监测分析   总被引：25，自引：2，他引：23  

廉毅  高枞亭  任红玲  唐晓玲  安刚  张文哲  孙力 《气象学报》1999,57(6):663-667

依据１９９６年８～１０月和１９８８年８～１０月两个时期的ＬＡＮＤＳＡＴＴＭ遥感信息静态反演,对两个时期ＴＭ资料采用图像增强处理和计算机监督分类进行荒漠化（侧重乾安县盐渍化）解译和动态量变分析,并与１９７６年和１９８１年的卫片进行对比分析,研究结果表明,吉林省西部的生态环境在恶化,主要表征为荒漠化发展并向东扩张,已波及吉林省中部松辽平原。大安县是吉林省盐渍化面积最多的县份,已占全县总面积的５０％以上;乾安县是盐渍化面积漫延较快的县份,盐渍化面积８ａ增加了２６９．７７ｋｍ２,增加量占总面积的７．８７％。  相似文献   

干旱地区草场荒漠化及其评价   总被引：16，自引：4，他引：12  

陈杰  龚子同  高尚玉 《地理科学》2000,20(2):176-181

当前世界干旱地区荒漠化已成为全球性的环境问题,对人类社会的生存和发展构成严重威胁,其中草场荒漠化问题尤为严重。论述了全球草场荒漠化现状,探讨了草场荒漠化过程及其驱动因素,并对草场荒漠化的评价提出了看法与建议。  相似文献   

吉兰泰盐湖沙漠化及其治理的遥感监测研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

岳涛  高世场  夏树屏 《盐湖研究》2000,8(2):1-5

利用陆地卫星TM标准假彩色合成影像图 ,研究了吉兰泰盐湖地区沙漠的分布、形成和运移规律 ;探讨了进行吉兰泰盐湖治沙、防沙的重点地段。遥感监测了吉兰泰盐场 1988— 1997年 9年间对吉兰泰盐湖治理沙漠的效果  相似文献   

New Views on Global Change     

Yang Xiaoying  Yang Xuexiang  Du Xinwei 《世界地质(英文版)》2000,3(2)

Many cosmic facts , such as the earth orbit, the activity of the sun, the moon and the planet orbits and so on,may effect on geological processes on the earth including precipitation. It is a serious problem that the human being is facing with water deficiency. Global cooling and tectonic activity are the major factors of desertification and human action aggravates this process. It is time to do something to prevent the acceleration in the mature and artificial hazards. We must keep the balance of nature for sustainable development.  相似文献   

Vegetation pattern variation,soil degradation and their relationship along a grassland desertification gradient in Horqin Sandy Land,northern China   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Xiaoan Zuo  Halin Zhao  Xueyong Zhao  Yirui Guo  Jianying Yun  Shaokun Wang  Takafumi Miyasaka 《Environmental Geology》2009,58(6):1227-1237

The Horqin Sandy Land is one of the most severely desertified regions in northern China. Plant communities and soil conditions at five stages of grassland desertification (potential, light, moderate, severe and very severe) were selected for the study of vegetation pattern variation relating to soil degradation. The results showed that vegetation cover, species richness and diversity, aboveground biomass (AGB), underground biomass, litter, soil organic carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), total phosphorus (P), electrical conductivity, very fine sand (0.1–0.05 mm) content and silt (0.05–0.002 mm) content decreased with the desertification development. Plant community succession presented that the palatable herbaceous plants gave place to the shrub species with asexual reproduction and sand pioneer plants. The decline of vegetation cover and AGB was positively related to the loss of soil organic C and total N with progressive desertification (P < 0.01). The multivariate statistical analysis showed that plant community distribution, species diversity and ecological dominance had the close relationship with the gradient of soil nutrients in the processes of grassland desertification. These results suggest that grassland desertification results in the variation of vegetation pattern which presents the different composition and structure of plant community highly influenced by the soil properties.  相似文献   

内蒙古东部两大沙地土壤理化特性沙漠化演变规律的比较   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵哈林  李玉强  周瑞莲  赵学勇  张铜会  王进 《地球科学进展》2011,26(7):779-786

为了了解不同地带沙地土壤理化特性沙漠化演变规律的差异及其机制,研究比较了科尔沁沙地和呼伦贝尔沙地土壤理化特性的沙漠化演变特征,得到以下结论:沙漠化过程中,2个沙地的土壤黏粉粒含量均大幅度下降,沙粒含量明显增加,但科尔沁沙地土壤机械组成的变化幅度要大于呼伦贝尔沙地,而且前者黏粉粒主要释放期早于后者;科尔沁沙地土壤温度趋于...  相似文献   

Impacts of the local land-use system in a semi-arid region of northeastern China on soil properties, crop growth, and weed communities     

T. Miyasaka  T. OkuroH. Zhao  X. ZhaoX. Zuo  K. Takeuchi 《Journal of Arid Environments》2011,75(11):1155-1163

We examined changes in soil properties, crop biomass, and weed communities in the Horqin Sandy Land of China to elucidate cropland degradation. We studied three local cropland types having periods of cultivation of up to 20 years: maize cropland on lowlands without irrigation (nonirrigated lowland), maize cropland on flat sandy lands with irrigation (irrigated flatland), and bean-centered cropland on sand dunes without irrigation (nonirrigated dunes). Soil properties and crop biomass were more degraded in nonirrigated lowland and nonirrigated dunes than in irrigated flatland. Weed communities in the nonirrigated croplands were the type that become established in drier conditions, whereas wetland weeds were more abundant on irrigated flatland. Trends of change in each indicator did not always occur in parallel and differed statistically among the cropland types. Monitoring these indicators within the context of local land-use systems can provide scientific evidence on which to base local management practices or recommendations for change.  相似文献   

Linkages between climate change and sustainable development     

《Climate Policy》2013,13(2-3):129-144

Abstract

Climate change does not yet feature prominently within the environmental or economic policy agendas of developing countries. Yet evidence shows that some of the most adverse effects of climate change will be in developing countries, where populations are most vulnerable and least likely to easily adapt to climate change, and that climate change will affect the potential for development in these countries. Some synergies already exist between climate change policies and the sustainable development agenda in developing countries, such as energy efficiency, renewable energy, transport and sustainable land-use policies. Despite limited attention from policy-makers to date, climate change policies could have significant ancillary benefits for the local environment. The reverse is also true as local and national policies to address congestion, air quality, access to energy services and energy diversity may also limit GHG emissions. Nevertheless there could be significant trade-offs associated with deeper levels of mitigation in some countries, for example where developing countries are dependent on indigenous coal and may be required to switch to cleaner yet more expensive fuels to limit emissions. The distributional impacts of such policies are an important determinant of their feasibility and need to be considered up-front. It follows that future agreements on mitigation and adaptation under the convention will need to recognise the diverse situations of developing countries with respect to their level of economic development, their vulnerability to climate change and their ability to adapt or mitigate. Recognition of how climate change is likely to influence other development priorities may be a first step toward building cost-effective strategies and integrated, institutional capacity in developing countries to respond to climate change. Opportunities may also exist in developing countries to use regional economic organisations to assist in the design of integrated responses and to exploit synergies between climate change and other policies such as those designed to combat desertification and preserve biodiversity.

© 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.  相似文献