Do drifts deposited adjacent to carbonate platforms record the signal of global carbon isotopic values?     

Peter K. Swart  Greta J. Mackenzie  Gregor P. Eberli  Thomas Lüdmann  Christian Betzler 《Sedimentology》2019,66(4):1410-1426

This study investigates the δ¹³C values of Middle Miocene–Modern drift deposits and periplatform sediments in the Maldives and compares these data with the global δ¹³C values derived from bulk oceanic sediments and foraminifera. This comparison reveals that while the δ¹³C values of the early Miocene periplatform sediments in the Maldives appear to track the global record of δ¹³C values, including increases associated with the Oligocene–Miocene boundary as well as the variations within the Monterey Event, the correlation with the Monterey Event may be coincidental. It is suggested that variations in δ¹³C values do not reflect changes in oceanic dissolved inorganic carbon, but instead pulses of sediment arising from platform progradation that contribute carbonates with elevated δ¹³C values derived from the adjacent shallow‐water atolls. This conclusion is supported both by correlations between the seismic sequence architecture and the δ¹³C values which document progradation of ¹³C‐rich platform sediments, and also by the continuation of the interval of ¹³C‐rich sediments past the end of the Monterey Event at 13 Ma within the drift.  相似文献   

石笋记录的印度季风Heinrich 2事件结束过程     

董西瑀  程海  Kathayat Gayatri  张帆  李瀚瑛  张海伟  赵景耀  宁有丰  李向磊  成星  曲晓丽 《第四纪研究》2019,(4):878-893

H2事件是发生于末次冰盛期的一次显著的气候突变事件,对理解千年气候事件和内部机制具有重要意义.然而,目前具有高精度和精确定年的H2事件气候记录依然很少,这在很大程度上限制了对H2事件起止时间、内部细节和触发机制的进一步研究.本研究基于印度东北部乞拉朋齐洞(Cherrapunji Cave)具有年纹层的石笋CHE-2 (总长940 mm)的21个U-Th年代、 2701条纹层的计数和259个δ18O数据,重建了25. 50~24. 76 ka B. P.和24. 38~22. 42 ka B. P.(99. 5~437. 0 mm样品段)期间石笋δ18O的高分辨率(24. 38~23. 08 ka B. P.时段平均分辨率8年,其他时段平均分辨率14年)、精确时间序列,刻画了印度东北部地区H2事件的结束过程和精细结构.研究表明,乞拉朋齐洞石笋记录的H2事件结束时段为 24. 280±0. 028~23. 436±0. 028 ka B. P.,共持续 844±3年,振幅约为1. 9‰,事件发生时间在误差范围内与东亚季风区石笋记录和格陵兰冰芯记录同步,在此期间,δ18O记录呈现了两次负偏过程(24. 28~24. 17 ka B. P.和23. 90~23. 44 ka B. P.)和一段相对稳定过程(24. 17~23. 90 ka B. P.),叠加了多个百年-十年际尺度的气候振荡.本研究得到的高分辨率δ18O精确时间序列对于改善气候模型和检验气候事件假说有一定意义.从亚洲季风区与高纬地区同时段H2事件记录的对比来看,其发生机制可能主要包括以下几个方面: 1)淡水注入北大西洋导致AMOC减弱,北高纬温度降低,推动ITCZ南移;北高纬温度变化的信号通过西风带和蒙古冷高压传递到亚洲季风区,从而影响亚洲夏季风;2)H2事件结束过程可能受到南极缓慢变暖的影响;3)低纬和青藏高原的变化也可能对H2事件产生复杂的影响.这些依然有待更多的高分辨率记录和气候模拟结果的进一步验证.  相似文献   

2010―2014年中国会展研究文献计量分析     

汪秀琼  戴光全  吴小节  彭韵妍 《热带地理》2016,36(2):303-312

现有文献对国内会展研究进展的分析一直停留在2009年之前,对近年来该领域的进展分析较为缺乏。在田言付等研究的基础上,对发表在2010―2014年间旅游地理类15种学术期刊上有关会展研究的112篇文献,运用内容分析和文献计量分析方法,从论文数量、作者、研究机构、研究对象、研究方法、论文类型和研究主题等7个方面进行评估。研究发现：从论文数量、作者合作、研究机构、研究对象、研究方法、论文类型等研究基本情况上看,中国会展研究不够成熟,水平相对较低。从研究主题和内容上看,有5大特点：1）研究涉及领域范围较广;2）研究主题在大类上选题均衡、小类上选题侧重;3）交叉研究趋势显著;4）纵深方向进步明显;5）人文关怀有所增加。  相似文献   

Developing an Event Tree for probabilistic hazard and risk assessment at Vesuvius     

A. Neri  W.P. Aspinall  R. Cioni  A. Bertagnini  P.J. Baxter  G. Zuccaro  D. Andronico  S. Barsotti  P.D. Cole  T. Esposti Ongaro  T.K. Hincks  G. Macedonio  P. Papale  M. Rosi  R. Santacroce  G. Woo 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2008

Probabilistic characterizations of possible future eruptive scenarios at Vesuvius volcano are elaborated and organized within a risk-based framework. In the EXPLORIS project, a wide variety of topics relating to this basic problem have been pursued: updates of historical data, reinterpretation of previous geological field data and the collection of new fieldwork results, the development of novel numerical modelling codes and of risk assessment techniques have all been completed. To achieve coherence, many diverse strands of evidence had to be unified within a formalised structure, and linked together by expert knowledge. For this purpose, a Vesuvius ‘Event Tree’ (ET) was created to summarise in a numerical-graphical form, at different levels of detail, all the relative likelihoods relating to the genesis and style of eruption, development and nature of volcanic hazards, and the probabilities of occurrence of different volcanic risks in the next eruption crisis. The Event Tree formulation provides a logical pathway connecting generic probabilistic hazard assessment to quantitative risk evaluation. In order to achieve a complete parameterization for this all-inclusive approach, exhaustive hazard and risk models were needed, quantified with comprehensive uncertainty distributions for all factors involved, rather than simple ‘best-estimate’ or nominal values. Thus, a structured expert elicitation procedure was implemented to complement more traditional data analysis and interpretative approaches. The structure of the Vesuvius Event Tree is presented, and some of the data analysis findings and elicitation outcomes that have provided initial indicative probability distributions to be associated with each of its branches are summarized. The Event Tree extends from initiating volcanic eruption events and hazards right through to human impact and infrastructure consequences, with the complete tree and its parameterisation forming a quantitative synoptic framework for comprehensive hazard evaluation and mapping of risk impacts. The organization of the Event Tree allows easy updating, as and when new information becomes available.  相似文献   

地理时空等级组织体系初步研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

鲁学军  励惠国  陈述彭 《地球信息科学学报》2000,2(1):60-66

本文从地理学的基本研究方法-综合自然区划入手,针对区域地理系统模型的建立过程,通过研究地理空间尺度-空间比例尺以及地理时间尺度-地理事件发生变化的频度,来探讨建立地理事件的时空变化动态表述模式-地理时空等级组织体系,对于体系所提供的地理区域内部地理数据流的组织模式以及体系所表达的区域内发生地理事件过程的动力学作用机制进行了初步探讨,并进一步讨论了该体系对于建立数字地球的作用和意义。  相似文献   

Modeling propensity to move after job change using event history analysis and temporal GIS     

Marie-Hélène Vandersmissen  Anne-Marie Séguin  Marius Thériault  Christophe Claramunt 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2009,11(1):37-65

The research presented in this paper analyzes the emergent residential behaviors of individual actors in a context of profound social changes in the work sphere. It incorporates a long-term view in the analysis of the relationships between social changes in the work sphere and these behaviors. The general hypothesis is that social changes produce complex changes in the long-term dynamics of residential location behavior. More precisely, the objective of this paper is to estimate the propensity for professional workers to move house after a change of workplace. Our analysis draws on data from a biographical survey using a retrospective questionnaire that enables a posteriori reconstitution of the familial, professional and residential lifelines of professional workers since their departure from their parents’ home. The survey was conducted in 1996 in the Quebec City Metropolitan Area, which, much like other Canadian cities, has experienced a substantial increase in “unstable” work, even for professionals. The approach is based on event history analysis, a Temporal Geographic Information System and exploratory spatial analysis of model’s residuals. Results indicate that 48.9% of respondents moved after a job change and that the most important factors influencing the propensity to move house after a job change are home tenure (for lone adults as for couple) and number of children (for couples only). We also found that moving is associated with changing neighborhood for owners while tenants or co-tenants tend to stay in the same neighborhood. The probability of moving 1 year after a job change is 0.10 for lone adults and couples while after 2 years, the household structure seems to have an impact: the probability increased to 0.23 for lone adults and to 0.21 for couples. The outcome of this research contributes to furthering our understanding of a familial decision (to move) following a professional event (change of job), controlling for household structure, familial, professional and spatial contexts.

Marius ThériaultEmail:

  相似文献   

The Faraoni event (latest Hauterivian) in ichnological record: The Río Argos section of southern Spain     

《Cretaceous Research》2017

The Early Cretaceous (latest Hauterivian) Faraoni Oceanic Anoxic Event (F-OAE) in the Río Argos section (Caravaca region, southern Spain), the candidate for the Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Hauterivian–Barremian transition, has been studied. Its ichnological bed-by-bed analysis allows for interpretation of oxygenation changes through the Faraoni Level interval and improvement upon previous characterization of oxygen conditions prior, during and after the F-OAE. The trace fossil assemblage belongs to the Zoophycos ichnofacies and it includes Chondrites intricatus, Chondrites targionii, Halimedides isp., Palaeophycus isp., ?Patagonichnus isp., Planolites isp., Rhizocorallium isp., Taenidium isp., Thalassinoides isp., Trichichnus linearis, Zavitokichnus fusiformis, and Zoophycos isp. Their diversity in particular beds fluctuates. Beds with four to six ichnotaxa reflect a multi-tiered macrobenthic trace maker assemblage living in good oxic and trophic conditions. In one bed below and one bed above the Faraoni Level (both marls without primary lamination), there are only two or three, mostly opportunistic ichnotaxa (Trichichnus, Chondrites, Planolites). They record dysoxic conditions. At the base of the Faraoni Level, one thicker and two thinner beds of marly mudstones (21.2 and 3.5 cm thick, respectively) are characterized by primary lamination. At the top and in the basal part of the thicker bed and in the thinner beds some trace fossils are present. These beds were deposited under anoxic conditions and later colonized by trace makers either from overlying beds deposited under oxic conditions or from the level of a greenish lamina in the lower part of the thicker bed, recording short episodes of dysoxic conditions. The thinner anoxic beds are separated by marls deposited under dysoxic conditions.  相似文献   

How can the ISC location procedures be improved?   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Johannes Schweitzer 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2006,158(1):19-26

For many decades the International Seismological Centre (ISC) has used a well defined procedure to locate seismic events using first P-onsets and the Jeffreys-Bullen tables ([Jeffreys, H., Bullen, K.E., 1940. Seismological Tables. British Association for the Advancement of Science, Gray Milne Trust, London, 50 pp]) as the travel-time reference. However, during the last two decades, more accurate spherical Earth models have been published and enhanced computer capabilities make it easier to implement more sophisticated data inversion schemes. Several features that may improve the location procedure at the ISC were systematically tested using the location program HYPOSAT. The investigated features were the influence of

•

the usage of the spherical Earth models JB, PREM, IASP91, SP6, and AK135;

•

the usage of later onsets;

•

travel-time corrections for local crustal structure based on CRUST 5.1;

•

different weighting of the residuals;

•

reducing the amount of defining data at a late stage of the inversion process.

Application of different combinations of these factors led to a reduction of the location errors for the 156 test events, of which the epicenter is known with an accuracy of less than 5 km. However, no clear rule of common factors to achieve this result could be defined. Most promising is the application of AK135 as model for travel-time calculations, applying crust specific station corrections and corrections for the reflection points of surface reflections, a combined usage of surface and core reflections, and removing data which have large residuals or do not much contribute to the solution for the last iterations.  相似文献   

Upper Famennian and Lower Tournaisian sections of the Moravian Karst (Moravo‐Silesian Zone,Czech Republic): a proposed key area for correlation of the conodont and foraminiferal zonations     

Ji&#x;í Kalvoda  Tom&#x; Kumpan  Ond&#x;ej Bbek 《Geological Journal》2015,50(1):17-38

Foraminiferal and conodont faunas at the Devonian–Carboniferous (D–C) boundary in the southern part of the Moravian Karst (Czech Republic) were studied in different facies of the basin slope. The joint presence of foraminifers and conodonts in calciturbidites along with a positive δ¹³C excursion of the Hangenberg anoxic event enabled the high‐resolution calibration of the late Famennian–early Tournaisian interval (Upper expansa–crenulata conodont zones). The conodont stratigraphic and biofacies succession reveals a strong correlation with other European areas. The Siphonodella sulcata morphotype (close to Group 1 sensu Kaiser and Corradini and “nov. gen. nov. sp. 1” sensu Tragelehn) enters prior to the Hangenberg Event, which resembles Upper and Uppermost Famennian conodont successions from Franconia, Bavaria and Morocco. The diversification of the early siphonodellids takes place after the Hangenberg Event and after the protognathodid radiation. In terms of foraminiferal biostratigraphy, the D–C boundary interval is characterized by the first appearance datum (FAD) of Tournayellina pseudobeata close below the D–C boundary followed by a sequence of Tournaisian bioevents, where apart from the last appearance datums (LADs) of quasiendothyrs, the FADs of the Neoseptaglomospiranella species and chernyshinellids play an important role in a similar manner as in Eastern Europe. The correlation of these bioevents elsewhere is often hindered by glacioeustatically‐driven unconformities and widespread occurrences of unfavourable facies for plurilocular foraminifers (Malevka beds and Bisphaera beds). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

探地雷达在岩土工程勘察中的应用     

李远强  陈伟 《岩土工程技术》2011,25(3):146-149

探地雷达是利用超高频脉冲电磁波探测地下介质分布的一种地球物理勘探方法,由于其具有高效率、高分辨率、高准确率等特征,在浅层岩土工程勘察中应用越来越广泛。以国道G110改造工程勘察为例,介绍探地雷达在岩土工程勘察中的应用,对于确定断层的深部展布状况和花岗岩囊状风化界面起到了重要作用,给勘探孔之间地质体的推断解释提供了科学依据。  相似文献