鄂尔多斯盆地早侏罗世富县期沉积演化: 大洋缺氧事件前后陆地气候变化的响应^*          下载免费PDF全文

李昌昊  葛禹  金鑫  时志强 《古地理学报》2022,24(4):697-712

托阿尔期早期早侏罗世大洋缺氧事件(T-OAE,~183.8 Ma)是一次全球性的地质事件,鄂尔多斯盆地下侏罗统富县组记录了此次地质事件的陆地响应过程。主要基于盆地东缘野外地质调查、扫描电镜及薄片分析,本次研究描述了盆地东北部富县组岩性、颜色和沉积序列,利用前人研究成果总结了富县期岩相古地理变化规律及沉积模式,认为富县期经历了由干旱到湿润的古气候变化: 富县组下部含植物化石较为丰富的白色砂砾岩及黑色、灰色泥页岩沉积于湿润气候时期,对应着盆地下切河谷发育期和填平补齐期; 而上覆的罕见植物化石的杂色、红色泥页岩为(富县期晚期)相对平坦地形条件下的沉积,对应着早、中侏罗世湿润气候背景下的一次干旱气候脉动,为托阿尔期大洋缺氧事件在陆相环境的气候响应,可由此进行富县组区域等时性对比。研究认为“粗富县”为下切谷内河流充填沉积, “细富县”形成于湖泊环境或河漫环境, “黑富县”和“白富县”是湿润气候条件下沉积产物,而“红富县”和“杂富县”为T-OAE期后干旱条件下形成。  相似文献   

Reconstruction of the Yangtze Ramp during Floian to Darriwilian (Ordovician) in South China: Its Morphology, Controlling Factors and Significances     

LUAN Xiaocong  André DESROCHERS  WU Rongchang  LIU Jianbo  WANG Guangxu  LIANG Yan  ZHANG Yuchen  WEI Xin  LI Lixi  ZHAN Renbin 《《地质学报》英文版》2023,97(6):1756-1777

A robust stratigraphic framework and a coherent depositional ramp model for the Zitai, Dawan, Meitan and Ningkuo formations of Floian–Darriwilian age (Early–Middle Ordovician) in the Yangtze (Daoba, Xiangshuidong, Daling, Gudongkou and Honghuayuan sections) and Jiangnan regions (Nanba section) was created based on lithofacies and major element analysis. Three siliciclastic (LF1–3) and six carbonate (LF4–9) lithofacies are recognized representing sediments that were deposited in mixed siliciclastic and carbonate ramp environment. The intensity of mixed sedimentation and terrigenous input were evaluated using the elemental proxies Intensity of Mixed sedimentation (IM) and Aluminum Accumulation Rate (AlAR), as well as their mean values during certain time intervals. Mixed sediments are most well-developed along the marginal Yangtze region, strongly impacted by recurrent influx of westerly derived terrigenous materials in response to global eustatic changes and regional tectonic movements, shaping the gently southeast-dipping morphology. Regular terrigenous influx resulted in periods of enhanced primary productivity on the Yangtze Ramp as evidenced by matching biodiversity peaks in planktonic organisms, i.e., chitinozoans and acritarchs. Brachiopods and other shelly fauna were also able to proliferate as new niches developed along the gently dipping ramp floor with substrate changes. The biodiversification patterns suggest that terrigenous influx controlled in part by regional tectonics played a more important role than previously thought in the development of Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event in South China.  相似文献   

Morphological patterns of Aptian Lithocodium–Bacinella geobodies: relation to environment and scale     

NIELS RAMEIL  ADRIAN IMMENHAUSER  GEORG WARRLICH  HEIKO HILLGÄRTNER  HENK J. DROSTE 《Sedimentology》2010,57(3):883-911

Lithocodium aggregatum and Bacinella irregularis are now extinct, shallow marine life forms of unknown taxonomic origin. Forming part of the tropical platform biota during much of the Mesozoic, these organisms experienced bloom periods and temporarily replaced rudist–coral assemblages during parts of the Early Aptian. Within the limitations of time resolution, this ‘out‐of‐balance’ facies is coeval with the Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a‐related black shale deposition in oceanic basins but the triggering factors remain poorly understood. Here, a platform‐wide comparison of Lithocodium–Bacinella geobodies and morphotypes from the Sultanate of Oman is presented and placed in its environmental, bathymetric and physiographic context. Lithocodium–Bacinella geobodies reach from kilometre‐scale ‘superstructures’ to delicate centimetre‐sized growth forms. Clearly, scale matters and care must be taken when drawing conclusions based on spatially limited observational data. Whilst the factors that cause Lithocodium–Bacinella expansion should probably be considered in a global context, regional to local factors affected growth patterns in a more predictable manner. Here, the unresolved taxonomic relationship remains the main obstacle in any attempt to unravel the response of Lithocodium–Bacinella to specific or interlinked environmental parameters as different organisms respond differently to changing environment. Acknowledging these limitations, the following tentative patterns are observed: (i) Lithocodium–Bacinella tolerated a wide range of hydrodynamic levels and responded to differences in energy level or physiographic settings (margin, intrashelf basin, inner platform) by obtaining characteristic growth forms. (ii) Lithocodium–Bacinella favoured low‐sediment input but had the ability to react to higher sedimentation rates by enhanced upward growth; a feature perhaps pointing to a phototrophic metabolism. Circumstantial evidence for continuous growth within the upper‐sediment column is debated. (iii) The availability of accommodation space had a direct influence on the maximum size of geobodies formed. (iv) Fluctuating nutrient levels and sea water alkalinity may have affected the growth potential of Lithocodium–Bacinella. Understanding the relationship between Lithocodium–Bacinella morphogenesis on a wide range of scales and local environmental parameters allows for better prediction of the spatial distribution of reservoir properties and also results in an improved interpretation of palaeoenvironments. This study might represent a useful first step in this direction.  相似文献   

10Be and 26Al exposure‐age dating of bedrock surfaces on the Aran ridge,Wales: evidence for a thick Welsh Ice Cap at the Last Glacial Maximum     

Neil F. Glasser  Philip D. Hughes  Cassandra Fenton  Christoph Schnabel  Henrik Rother 《第四纪科学杂志》2012,27(1):97-104

This paper presents results of the analysis of paired cosmogenic isotopes (¹⁰Be and ²⁶Al) from eight quartz‐rich samples collected from ice‐moulded bedrock on the Aran ridge, the highest land in the British Isles south of Snowdon. On the Aran ridge, comprising the summits of Aran Fawddwy (905 m a.s.l.) and Aran Benllyn (885 m a.s.l.), ²⁶Al and ¹⁰Be ages indicate complete ice coverage and glacial erosion at the global Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Six samples from the summit ridge above 750–800 m a.s.l. yielded paired ¹⁰Be and ²⁶Al ages ranging from 17.2 to 34.4 ka, respectively. Four of these samples are very close in age (¹⁰Be ages of 17.5 ± 0.6, 17.5 ± 0.7, 19.7 ± 0.8 and 20.0 ± 0.7 ka) and are interpreted as representing the exposure age of the summit ridge. Two other summit samples are much older (¹⁰Be ages of 27.5 ± 1.0 and 33.9 ± 1.2 ka) and these results may indicate nuclide inheritance. The ²⁶Al/¹⁰Be ratios for all samples are indistinguishable within one‐sigma uncertainty from the production rate ratio line, indicating that there is no evidence for a complex exposure history. These results indicate that the last Welsh Ice Cap was thick enough to completely cover the Aran ridge and achieve glacial erosion at the LGM. However, between c. 20 and 17 ka ridge summits were exposed as nunataks at a time when glacial erosion at lower elevations (below 750–800 m a.s.l.) was achieved by large outlet glaciers in the valleys surrounding the mountains. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

1989年3月特大电离层事件          下载免费PDF全文

何友文 《地球物理学报》1996,39(Z1):7-17

给出了１９８９年３月罕见的超级太阳活动区（ＮＯＡＡ，ＡＲ５３９５）的多次爆发，在远东地区诱发了一系列强烈的、甚至是首次观测到的电离层扰动事件：（１）重庆站以北地区ＴＥＣ增量达５５×１０^１６ｅｌ／ｍ^２的突增事件；同期武昌、仑坪和知本等站的ＴＥＣ负增量达６５×^１６ｅｌ／ｍ^２的突降事件；（２）兰州以南地区的强ＴＩＤ；（３）持续时间较长的Ｌａｃｕｎａ现象；（４）微粒Ｅ层事件等。作者结合同期远东和巴西地区的电离层扰动，多颗卫星探测结果和全球中低纬区极光的出现，对此次电离层事件的部分异常变化及其形成机制作了初步讨论，并指出东向电场剧增和粒子沉降可能是此次事件的主要因素。  相似文献   

从事件地层学角度探讨东亚陆相侏罗、白垩系界线   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

刘本培  陈芬  王五立 《地球科学》1986,(5)

本文将广义的热河生物群进一步划分为晚侏罗世热河动物群（狭义）和早白垩世阜新生物群,并讨论了上述生物群的演替与侏罗、白垩纪之交古气候、海平面变化地质事件之间的关系。  相似文献   

Cenomanian–Turonian facies succession in the Guerrero–Morelos Basin, Southern Mexico     

Noemí  Aguilera-Franco  Ulises Hern  ndez Romano 《Sedimentary Geology》2004,170(3-4):135-162

The Cenomanian–Turonian succession of southern Mexico is characterized by an abrupt change from shallow marine to pelagic facies. The drowning of the platform coincides with the widely documented Cenomanian–Turonian Oceanic Anoxic Event (CTOAE). A proper understanding of the drowning event and the effects of the OAE requires, as an essential first step, the construction of a detailed stratigraphic framework. This has been achieved and utilizes sedimentological data as well as a combination of benthic and planktonic biostratigraphic schemes.

Deposition of the Cenomanian–Turonian sedimentary rocks of the Guerrero–Morelos basin was controlled by tectonic and oceanographic factors resulting in depositional environments ranging from a semi-restricted shelf, ramp, pelagic and prodelta deposits. Facies analysis indicates that shallow marine limestones of the Morelos Formation (lower-upper Cenomanian) were deposited in intertidal–shallow supratidal and subtidal environments in a semi-restricted shelf. Peloidal-bioclastic packstone–wackestones with minor grainstones are the predominant texture of these rocks. Abundant large benthic foraminifers, calcareous algae (dasycladacean) and mollusks (gastropods and rudists) characterize the fossil assemblage.

The Cuautla Formation (uppermost Cenomanian–Turonian) represents sedimentation on a low-energy, wave-dominated, carbonate ramp. The inner ramp accumulated bioclastic banks and shoals composed of peloidal-benthic foraminifer-grainstone, calcareous red and green algae, rudists and minor solitary corals. The middle ramp is represented by nodular packstones with a diverse assemblage of echinoderms, green and red algae, bryozoan, rudists, solitary corals, roveacrinids, calcisphaerulids, and non-keeled planktonic foraminifers. The outer ramp is dominated by argillaceous wackestone–packstone characterized by calcisphaerulids, roveacrinids, and non-keeled planktonic foraminifers. An increase in terrigenous-clastic material towards the eastern part of the area indicates progradation of a deltaic system while the Mexcala Formation (uppermost Cenomanian–Turonian) was deposited in a pelagic setting.

The drowning of the platform is at the contact between the Morelos and Cuautla or Mexcala formations and is dated as latest Cenomanian. The drowning is a hiatus in most sections and it began before the end of the Cenomanian by a minimum of 150 ky if the top of the Morelos is not eroded.  相似文献   

Abflußereignisse,eine skalenabhängige multiple Antwort von Einzugsgebieten auf Niederschläge     

W. Symader  R. Bierl  F. Gasparini 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1999,27(2):87-93

Flood Events, a Multiple Basin Response to Precipitation Events at Different Scales Results in the small catchment of the Kartelbornsbach have shown that summer events lead to typical types of flood waves that can be classified according to their response patterns. Differences to this pattern are due to the precipitation amount and duration and in some times to the pre-event moisture of the soil. The results show further that the Kartelbornsbach catchment can be considered as a block system where spatial differences are responsible for the basic pattern of the reaction but not for differences between flood events. Small catchments are excellent tools for relatively inexpensive hydrological and hydrochemical research on streamflow generation mechanisms. With increasing size of the basin the response becomes less clear, because the spatial distribution of rainfall and the distance of delivering areas from the sampling station mask or modify the type of response. Although the main flow components may not change, there is a considerable shift in the composition of water quality, because the increase of travel time does not affect all flow components at the same rate.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地延长期富烃坳陷形成的动力学环境与构造属性   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘池洋  王建强  邱欣卫  张东东  赵俊峰  赵红格  邓煜 《岩石学报》2020,36(6):1913-1930

鄂尔多斯盆地丰富的石油资源来自盆地南部中晚三叠世延长期富烃坳陷,其中贡献最大的长7段页状优质烃源岩以富铀、夹多层凝灰岩为特征。延长期大型富烃坳陷具南深北浅的坳陷型结构,内部接受统一的湖相沉积。在富烃坳陷的深湖-较深湖区,为优质烃源岩发育区;亦为烃源岩中较高铀含量(测井高伽马异常)和凝灰岩夹层较厚分布区,在位置上三位一体、彼此交互叠置。盆地上古生界-中侏罗统多层系高热演化区上下同位,早-中侏罗世多期持续沉降区先后叠置,均位于延长期富烃坳陷范围内。综合调查研究揭示,在延长期,特别是长7段沉积期间,各类深部物质上拱挤入构造(如砂岩墙(脉)、泥岩脊和热液碳酸盐岩结核)、同沉积变形构造(如断裂、褶皱、揉皱、滑塌、滑坡等(软)地层变形)和事件沉积(如浊流沉积、震积岩及湖底扇等)发育,主要分布在富烃坳陷深湖-较深湖区。在烃源岩等地层中,检测出多种指示深部热流体活动的岩石矿物和地球化学异常。深部探测显示,在富烃坳陷深部400km以上壳幔各界面呈上拱的结构特征。这表明延长期富烃坳陷和其中优质烃源岩是在构造活动明显、深部作用活跃的地球动力学环境中形成演化的,从深层次揭示了其形成条件与发育环境。延长期富烃坳陷与印支期秦岭造山带的形成演化及其岩浆活动,在空间上相邻、发育时限相当、演化阶段响应、活动兴衰同步,是在华北-扬子两大陆块汇聚碰撞,进而向板内构造环境转换的动力学环境中进行的。延长期富烃坳陷两次较长距离的沉积-沉降中心迁移,是对秦岭碰撞造山环境重大变革始发的响应和纪录。在南北两大陆汇聚碰撞过程中,在仰冲华北板块后陆地带深部积聚的巨量俯冲物质发生熔融和热量转换,促使该区深部物质过饱和聚集、热能及压力超常骤增,形成较小尺度地幔对流,熔融物质与热能上拱,引发地壳表浅层拱张破裂和侧向扩展,于是发生沉降,形成延长期具热-张性特性的富烃坳陷,称其为后陆盆地。后陆盆地与前陆盆地分别位于碰撞造山带两侧仰冲和俯冲板块临山一侧,但其构造属性有质的不同,油气赋存和成藏特征也差别较大。  相似文献   

贵州震旦系陡山沱组磷块岩成磷作用及与新元古代末期氧化事件(NOE)的耦合^*     

张亚冠  杜远生  刘建中  王泽鹏  邓超 《古地理学报》2020,22(5):893-912

新元古代末期历经“雪球地球”和大气、海洋增氧事件后,发生了全球性成磷事件,贵州省震旦系陡山沱组大规模磷矿床沉积是本次成磷事件的典型代表。然而现阶段对贵州陡山沱组磷块岩成磷作用机制研究存在诸多争议,成磷事件与同期古海洋环境转变之间的关联研究也较为薄弱。作者以贵州省瓮安、遵义和丹寨地区陡山沱组原生磷块岩为研究对象开展的沉积学、岩石学、矿物学和地球化学特征研究表明: 陡山沱早期成磷作用被限制在浅水海岸,瓮安地区A矿层球粒磷块岩中大量的含铁自生矿物黄铁矿、海绿石以及无Ce负异常指示的贫氧沉积水体环境均表明,Fe-氧化还原泵成磷模式在富磷过程中发挥了重要作用;陡山沱晚期磷块岩分布扩散至较深水陆棚—斜坡沉积相区,磷块岩与富有机质岩层共生,矿物晶体形态特征与矿石内富含的大量生物化石均表明,有机质沉降聚磷作用和生物成磷作用促使磷块岩大量沉积,较明显的Ce负异常值也指示了海水氧气含量的提升。成磷作用模式的转变和磷块岩分布的扩展是对海洋增氧事件的沉积响应,同时造成的多细胞动物演化也影响了深部水体的氧化还原状态,进而反映了贵州省陡山沱组磷块岩大规模沉积与新元古代末期氧化事件(NOE)密切的耦合关系。  相似文献