基于时序栅格的海洋异常事件提取方法     

李晓红  闫金凤  李溢龙  薛存金 《地球信息科学学报》2016,18(4):453-460

海洋异常事件（Marine Abnormal Event,MAE）可为区域海气相互作用和全球气候变化研究提供重要的时空特征参考,具有重要的科学意义。鉴此,本文基于长时间序列的栅格数据集,提出了一种海洋异常事件时空提取算法（Marine Abnormal Event Spatio-Temporal Extraction Method,MAESTEM）。MAESTEM的核心步骤包括事件的时间维度提取、事件的空间维度提取和事件追踪。在时间维度提取方面,将每一个栅格像元作为一维时间序列,计算其平均值和标准差作为判断每个时刻是否异常的标准,并根据异常持续发生的时间长短来提取时间维度的海洋异常事件（Temporal MAE,TMAE）。在空间维度提取方面,利用空间邻域统计方法,统计栅格像元的空间邻域中属于TMAE的个数,并通过空间维度异常判断规则获取空间维度的海洋异常事件（Spatial MAE,SMAE）。利用时刻状态的SMAE的空间拓扑关系,根据事件前后时刻覆盖的空间区域是否重叠以及事件持续的时间长短,实现异常事件的追踪。最后,通过提取太平洋海域1993年1月至2012年12月的月均海面高度异常（Sea Level Anomaly,SLA）事件,验证了该算法的有效性和实用性。  相似文献   

一种新的基于卡尔曼滤波的地震记录同相轴跟踪方法及性能分析          下载免费PDF全文

邓小英  胡健  李月  郑乐  毕锐锐 《地球物理学报》2014,57(1):270-279

在地震勘探领域中,卡尔曼滤波常用于地震信号的反褶积以提高地震勘探资料的分辨率和信噪比. 不同于此,本文建立一个新的卡尔曼滤波系统模型并利用卡尔曼滤波跟踪地震记录同相轴. 同相轴信息在对地下介质性质、界面的深度、界面的产状以及油气定性判别等方面具有极其重要的作用. 目前多数拾取地震同相轴的方法与地震波的运动规律结合较少.本文依据地震反射波运动规律构建了用于跟踪地震反射同相轴的卡尔曼滤波系统的状态方程和量测方程,并将炮检距、地震子波到达时和层速度等重要物理量融入所建方程,给出滤波模型和初始化方法,分析不同因素对该系统滤波性能的影响. 仿真实验表明,所提出的跟踪滤波系统能较好地拾取地震反射同相轴信息,为拾取地震同相轴提供了一条新途径.  相似文献   

南海西北部陆坡H1事件的磁学记录     

李明坤  欧阳婷萍  朱照宇  田成静  彭莎莎  邱燕  彭学超  钟和贤  陈泓君 《第四纪研究》2019,39(4):927-937

Heinrich 1(H1)事件,是末次冰消期内一个重要的千年尺度的古气候事件.南海不同海域沉积物磁学性质对H1事件的响应存在差异,因而磁学参数的多解性应予以关注.本文选取南海西北部陆坡具有良好年龄框架的PC338岩芯顶部370 cm段(底部年龄20. 5 ka B. P.),进行详细的磁学性质分析,并利用IRM获得曲线组分分离方法和高场磁化率值等参数,试图为区域气候变化的沉积物磁学响应给出合理解释.结果表明,在H1事件发生时,碎屑成因的磁铁矿(IRM (C2+C3))和顺磁性组分(xp)明显降低,这反映了源区化学风化的减弱,指示南海北部冷干的气候条件;另外, H1事件发生时,南海西北部陆坡的赤铁矿含量较高,这与海平面降低造成的红河源区的赤铁矿输入增多和暴露的大陆架处于氧化条件有关. H1事件时期,东亚季风区呈现末次冰消期以来最干旱的气候特征,主要受控于大西洋经向翻转环流的减弱迫使热带辐合带南移和热带太平洋类La Nina的气候条件这两个因素.  相似文献   

辽东辽河群大石桥组碳酸盐岩稀土元素地球化学及其对Lomagundi事件的指示   总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2  

汤好书  陈衍景  武广  杨涛 《岩石学报》2009,25(11):3075-3093

2.33～2.06Ga期间发生了全球性大气圈充氧作用及其相关的占δ~(13)C_(carb)正异常,被称为Lomagundi事件.2.2～2.174Ga的辽河群大石桥菱镁矿及其围岩显示了δ~(13)C_(carb)正异常,是运用REY(REE+Y)指纹技术研究Lomagundi事件的良好对象.本文研究表明,6件白云岩围岩样品∑REE为0.988×10-6～2.744×10-6;Y/Ho比值为37.9～49.4(平均42.5±4.7);(La/La~*)_(SN)为1.075±0.317,(Gd/Gd~*)_(SN)为1.390±0.166,均为正异常;HREE富集(Nd_(SN)/Yb(_SN)=0.38～0.78).所有上述特征与现代海水REY配分模式一致,表明这些样品记录了Lomagundi时期海水的REY特征.6件菱镁矿样品∑REE为4.549±2.239,高于围岩白云岩;HREE弱亏损(Nd_(SN)/Yb_(SN)=1.141±0.265),Y/Ho平均值为40.2±3.2;(La/La~*)_(SN)为0.657～1.149(平均0.919±0.203),(Gd/Gd~*)_(SN)=1.036±0.081,正异常程度弱于白云岩,但仍显示以海水来源为主.矿体顶板滑石白云岩∑REE含量最高(10.758);页岩标准化稀土配分模式为平坦型,(Eu/Eu~*)_(SN)正异常高达1.97,Gd和Y正异常最小,Y/Ho比值最低(31.3),(Nd/Yb)_(SN)为0.89,显示受后期热流体交代影响.菱镁矿(Sm/Yb)_(CN)值(2.61±0.45)高于白云岩(1.19±0.27),指示海水由深变浅,大石桥菱镁矿及其围岩白云岩REY主要来自陆源溶解物,洋底热液贡献微弱,制约REY特征的主导因素为大气圈-水圈的性质,如fO_2,pCO-2等.白云岩和菱镁矿(Ce/Ce~*)_(SN)值平均分别为1.11±0.13和1.04±0.08,表明2.2～2.174Ga期间大陆风化作用加剧,海水呈碱性,pH值＞8.2.2.33Ga前的化学沉积物(Eu/Eu~*)_(SN)＞1.53,2.06Ga后的化学沉积物(Eu/Eu~*)_(SN)＜1.53,大石桥组白云岩和菱镁矿(Eu/Eu~*)_(SN)均值分别为1.44±0.11和1.58±0.20.表明2.2～2.174Ga时海相沉积物(Eu/Eu~*)_(SN)≈1.53,2.33～2.06Ga是地球水圈-气圈系统由还原向氧化转变的关键时期.  相似文献   

Micropaleontological evidence for redox changes in the OAE3 interval of the US Western Interior: Global vs. local processes     

《Cretaceous Research》2017

The Coniacian-Santonian interval has been proposed as the youngest of the Cretaceous ocean anoxic events (OAE3), but this designation has long been debated. OAE3 is associated with a long-lasting (∼3 myr) succession of black shales from the central and South Atlantic, Caribbean region, and the North American Western Interior; in the Western Interior it is characterized by an abrupt increase in total organic carbon (TOC) and corresponding trace metal indicators for anoxia. However, the modern concept of OAEs is predicated on detection of global carbon cycle perturbations as recorded by substantial carbon isotope excursions (CIE), and the protracted Coniacian-Santonian black shale interval does not have a large CIE. A more conservative definition of OAE3 might limit the event to the modest positive carbon isotope excursion restricted to the upper Coniacian Scaphites depressus Ammonite Zone. Trace metal proxies suggest that oxygen levels abruptly declined prior to the onset of this CIE in the Western Interior Sea (WIS), but it is unknown whether regional anoxic conditions were confined to sediments/pore waters, or how anoxia may have affected the biota. In an effort to characterize the oxygenation history of the WIS and to better understand the nature of the hypothesized OAE3, we present micropaleontological evidence of declining oxygen in bottom waters prior to the event using benthic foraminifera, which are sensitive to dissolved oxygen. Changes in benthic foraminiferal abundances suggest a decline in oxygen at least 1-myr prior to the CIE (including a nadir immediately below the start of the excursion), improving bottom water oxygen during the CIE, and re-establishment of persistent anoxia following the isotope excursion. Anoxia endured for nearly 3 myr in the central seaway, showing some signs of recovery toward the top of the Niobrara Formation. Our findings suggest that declining oxygen concentrations in the seaway eventually reached a tipping point, after which dissolved oxygen quickly dropped to zero.The late Coniacian CIE is an exception to the trend of declining oxygen in the WIS, and part of a larger pattern in the oxygenation history of the Niobrara Formation which suggests that it does not adhere to standard black shale models. Transgressive periods, including the Fort Hays Limestone and the lower limestone unit of the Smoky Hill Shale (which corresponds to the CIE) are relatively oxic, while periods of highstand (i.e., most of the Smoky Hill) correspond to deteriorating oxygen conditions. This contrasts with the standard black shale model for sea level and oxygen, where transgressions typically correlate with maximum TOC enrichment, interpreted to result from both sediment condensation and oxygen deficiency. The association of global carbon burial/anoxia (as indicated by carbon isotopes) with a regional increase in oxygen and decrease in organic matter preservation is reminiscent of the Cenomanian-Turonian Greenhorn Limestone, which contains OAE2. In both cases, the facies are not typical black shales, but instead have appreciable carbonate content. Western Interior redox trends support the rejection of the original concept of a protracted Coniacian-Santonian OAE3 because it is not a distinct “event.” Increasing local oxygen during the late Coniacian CIE also argues against a narrower OAE designation for this event, because the excursion can't be tied to anoxia here or anywhere else it has been described. Nevertheless, the Late Coniacian Event (as we prefer to call this CIE) still represents an important perturbation of the global carbon cycle. This is emblematic of the shift away from widespread, discrete anoxic events during the ongoing paleoceanographic reorganization of the Late Cretaceous, even as large carbon cycle perturbations continued.  相似文献   

川西北地区上三叠统卡尼阶古喀斯特的发现及研究意义     

杜怡星  时志强 《沉积学报》2017,35(3):460-469

在川西北地区绵竹汉旺、安县雎水剖面上三叠统卡尼阶海绵礁（丘）灰岩顶部发现古喀斯特;野外露头可见明显的花斑状构造以及蜂窝状溶孔,显微镜下可见泥晶化颗粒,喀斯特角砾以及喀斯特溶孔充填物,其中包括泥-亮晶方解石,生物碎屑以及陆源石英颗粒;根据露头岩性和显微薄片特征判断其属于早成岩期喀斯特;喀斯特成单层发育,之上覆盖化石丰富的黄色或黑色页岩,其中的菊石化石鉴定表明其为上卡尼阶底部沉积。该喀斯特是重要的等时界面,且可作为该地区上下卡尼阶的界线。喀斯特之上的岩性在汉旺和雎水有差异:在绵竹汉旺青岩沟剖面,喀斯特灰岩之上覆盖有黑色粉砂质页岩与生屑灰岩（如层状海绵灰岩、海百合灰岩）,在汉旺观音崖剖面,喀斯特面之上发育海绵丘灰岩及页岩,在安县雎水剖面,古喀斯特发育在滚落的海绵巨砾之上。综合研究表明,喀斯特的形成与早期龙门山的隆升以及卡尼期湿润气候事件在发生时间上非常相近,推测其成因与龙门山的隆升以及卡尼期湿润气候事件有关。  相似文献   

地震事件自动判断方法研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

曲均浩  刘希强  石玉燕  吴丹彤  苗庆杰 《地震工程学报》2010,32(4):325-329

地震事件的自动判断是自动定位系统中至关重要的部分。本文结合数字波形特征的实际模型,提出了一套符合计算机化运行模式的新方法。对波形进行预处理后采用传统STA/LTA方法、波形延续性、台站集中性三者相结合的判断方法,有效的排除了干扰台站,保证了地震事件自动判断的准确性,并在实际运行过程中得到很好的验证。  相似文献   

广西香田弗拉斯-法门阶界线事件标志——碳、氧稳定同位素异常特征          下载免费PDF全文

严正  侯鸿飞 《地质科学》1993,28(2):135-144

本文对广西香田晚泥盆世弗拉斯-法门阶界线剖面进行了系统的碳、氧稳定同位素研究。发现随着弗拉斯-法门期之交的生物大量死亡和绝灭,在弗拉斯-法门阶界线层中,碳、氧稳定同位素组成出现了明显的异常。这和白垩—第三系界线灾变事件中出现的异常颇为相似。碳同位素异常达-6.6‰左右,氧同位素出现正异常达2‰。此外,在界线层中出现铱异常为230×10^-12g/g。这些表明,上述同位素地球化学异常是地球历史中生物绝灭灾变事件的重要标志。  相似文献   

Source location variability and volcanic vent mapping with a small-aperture infrasound array at Stromboli Volcano,Italy     

Jeffrey?B.?JohnsonEmail author 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2004,67(1):1-14

Stromboli Volcano in Italy is a persistently active, complex volcanic system. In May 2002 activity was confined to 3 major summit craters within which several active vents hosted multiple explosions each hour. During a 5-day field campaign an array of 3 low-frequency microphones was installed to investigate the coherent infrasound produced by degassing from these vents. Consistent phase lags across the 3 stations indicate distinct sources that are subsequently investigated to determine the associated vent location, apparent depth, and origin time. The cross-correlation routine allows for variations in comparison window length, waveform filtering bandwidth, and correlation and consistency thresholds, allowing for improved detection of certain types of degassing sources. Identification of activity at the various vents could be subsequently corroborated with 3 channels of synchronously acquired thermal data and video. During the May 2002 experiment persistent, energetic infrasound was observed from a passive degassing source within the Central Crater (CC) and transient infrasound, produced by discrete Strombolian explosions, was identified at 4 additional vents. The continuous infrasound produced by the CC exhibits variable frequency-dependent correlation lag times that are interpreted as a diffraction effect due to the acoustic radiators recessed location within a steep-walled crater. Such dispersion has important implications for accurate eruption source modeling because it indicates that infrasonic waveforms may be significantly filtered during propagation. Transient explosion signals from the Northeast Crater (NEC) and Southwest Crater (SWC) vents also exhibit dynamic correlation lag times, but this scatter may be more reasonably attributed to variable epicentral locations. Explosions from the NEC west vent, for instance, appear to emanate from a diffuse zone with a lateral extent in excess of 10 m.Editorial responsibility: R. Cioni  相似文献   

Early Carnian anoxic event as recorded in the southern Tethyan margin,Tunisia: an overview     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(15):1884-1905

Considerable attention has been given to the Carnian (Late Triassic) Pluvial and Reingraben events associated with organic-rich shale accumulation in the Germanic basin, Alps, southern Appenines as well as in northwestern Tethyan margins. Less interest has been shown to the southern Tethyan portion represented by the northern margin of Africa, including Tunisia. Tunisian basins represented by the Tellian domain, Tunisian trough, the ‘Dorsale’, and the North–South Axis (NOSA) belong to the southern Tethyan margin, where northern and central areas record the early Carnian anoxic event within an extensive carbonate platform. This short-lived (~2 million year) period of anoxia ranges within the Aonoides to Austriacum ammonite zones, and corresponds in Tunisia generally to intermediate to shallow water environments marked by organic-rich black limestone, dolomite, and shale. Interestingly, toward the south, the dysaerobic conditions in the Jeffara–southern Dahar basin appear to have prevailed locally also in the early Carnian. Here we review evidence of early Carnian anoxia in Tunisia based on the analysis of more than 17 Triassic sections and wireline logs from several petroleum exploration wells penetrating the black dolomites, limestones, and shales. In addition, biostratigraphic and complete geochemical reviews have been undertaken from published papers and unpublished internal reports to better assess this important and promising hydrocarbon source interval.  相似文献