南岭山地一次锋面浓雾过程的边界层结构分析   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11  

邓雪娇  吴兑  唐浩华  范绍佳  黄浩辉  毛伟康  叶燕翔 《高原气象》2007,26(4):881-889

利用2001年3月上旬在南岭山地进行的综合野外观测资料,分析了有雾和无雾时的天气型和边界层风、温、湿结构特征。分析表明,冷空气影响期间出现的地面雾是低空湿度饱和区向地面扩展,云底接地形成的雾,锋面雾消散过程实质上为雾层底逐渐抬升离开地面的过程。边界层结构受天气系统的影响,锋面逆温结构对雾的维持有重要作用,单层强逆温结构有利于雾的发展和维持,多层(双层)弱逆温结构容易导致雾消散;出现雾与前期低空南风强劲,高空盛行西南或西南西气流,充分回暖增湿,导致整层空气湿度大有密切关系;浓雾维持期间,出现小到中雨时,雨强峰值时间段都出现能见度短时好转的现象,否则则反之,表明云雾中的微物理过程与能见度有密切关系。  相似文献   

萍乡地区雾的特征分析及预报方法初探     

陈石忠  叶小峰  戴晶晶  周佳希 《气象与减灾研究》2007,30(4):61-64

选取萍乡和莲花2个站点1980—2003年722个雾日样本,按年、季、月对雾日的变化进行了分析,探讨了辐射雾、平流雾形成的主要气象因子和天气形势。通过普查气象因子和相关性回归分析,筛选出与雾日相关性比较好的6个气象因子,分别建立春、秋、冬三个季节雾的能见度预报方程,并进行了验证和实际应用。预报方程春季预报准确率最高,冬季次之,秋季相对较低。  相似文献   

近53年辽宁雾的时空分布及成因分析   总被引：20，自引：9，他引：11       下载免费PDF全文

陈传雷  蒋大凯  孔令军 《气象与环境学报》2006,22(1):21-24

利用1951～2003年辽宁12个代表站的雾资料,分析了雾的时空分布特征及形成条件。结果表明:辽宁年平均雾日地域分布呈现两高三低的形势。雾日的年际变化曲线较平稳,雾日最多的年份和最少的年份相差17d。沈阳与大连雾日变化相反,大连呈下降趋势,沈阳则在平稳中略有上升。辽宁大雾每个月都可形成,但沿海地区和内陆又有所差异,沿海地区主要出现在5～8月,而内陆地区主要出现在8～11月。雾日的天气形势可分为5～7种类型,其中以倒槽型、锋面气旋型、地形槽型、冷高压前部型最为典型。  相似文献   

江苏省快速城市化进程对雾霾日时空变化的影响   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3  

宋娟  程婷  谢志清  苗茜 《气象科学》2012,32(3):275-281

利用气象观测和经济统计数据,研究了江苏雾霾时间空间分布和城市化对年雾霾日的影响。结果表明:(1)经济发达、城市化水平高的苏南地区是霾天气高发区,年霾日数超过100 d;(2)江苏霾日数冬季最多,夏季最少,2000年以后,夏秋季霾日数明显增加;苏南是霾日数显著上升的区域,增长率≥30 d/10a;(3)1978—1991年江苏三大区年工业增加值处于较低水平,增速缓慢,1991—2002年,年工业增加值增速加快,2002年以后迅速增长;与此对应,各区年霾日数从1990s初期缓慢上升,2002年以后快速增长;在城市化水平最高的苏南地区,1975—2000年各季节霾日数上升也不明显,2000—2008年,苏南城市化率从37%迅速上升到60.2%,霾日数也迅速上升,这表明城市化的加速发展是导致年霾日数上升的重要原因。  相似文献   

北京雾与霾天气大气液态水含量和相对湿度层结特征分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

邓长菊  尹晓惠  甘璐 《气候与环境研究》2014,19(2):193-199

为了研究空气中的水汽层结变化对雾、霾生消的影响,对北京2011年10月至2012年2月雾、霾天气个例中能见度变化和地基微波辐射计观测的相对湿度及液态水含量资料进行分析,结果表明:大气总液态水含量时序图对预报雾、霾没有参考意义,无论是大气总液态水含量数值的大小,还是大气总液态水含量随时间的变化都不能预测雾、霾的生成与消散。但不同时刻大气液态水含量的廓线图对雾、霾天气的预报还是具有指示意义的,因为雾、霾生消前后大气液态水含量层结变化明显。进一步分析不同情况的雾、霾天气发现:雾、霾生消前后均无降水出现和先出大雾后降水的情况,即降水后消散的雾、霾天气,大气相对湿度的变化和液态水含量的变化主要集中在3 km以下;对于先降水后出大雾的情况,整层大气相对湿度的变化都很明显,液态水含量的变化主要在3~7 km之间。由于降水既可以增加近地面的空气湿度,又可以消耗空气中的水汽,因此降水既是大雾形成的有利条件,也是大雾消散的有利条件。有降水出现的大雾天气,有饱和层(空气相对湿度达到或接近100%),无降水出现的重霾天气,则没有饱和层,且整体相对湿度偏低。  相似文献   

抚州市大雾天气气候概况及气象要素特征分析     

郑劲光  余嵩云  蔡小琴 《气象与减灾研究》2010,33(4):61-66

利用地面观测资料,对抚州市1959-2009年大雾天气气候概况及气象要素特征进行分析。结果表明,抚州市大雾年平均日数冬春季多、夏秋季少,大雾主要集中在10月到翌年4月;大雾区域分布极不均匀,东多西少,南多北少,山区谷地多平原少;大雾日数随着年代的推移总体呈逐渐减少趋势,平均以1.8d(/10a)的速度减少;大雾日数存在3-6a、12-15a和19-22a的周期变化;大雾存在明显的日变化特征,02-07时是大雾多发时段。当气温为0-10℃、相对湿度为85%-95%、风速为0-3m/s、气压为1005-1 015 hPa时,出现大雾的频率最高。一年中以辐射雾最多,占77.5%;其次是平流-辐射雾,占17.4%;平流雾仅占5.1%。  相似文献   

1951-2006年汕头雾变化的气候特征及影响因素分析     

许薇  甘庆辉  汤强 《辽宁气象》2008,(3):42-45

利用1951--2006年汕头气候资料,分析大雾天气的气候变化特征。结果表明：汕头年雾日总体呈明显下降趋势。20世纪90年代以前雾日相对偏多,90年代以后雾日明显偏少;大雾的逐月变化呈1峰1谷的特征,峰值出现在3月,谷值出现在8月;下半夜至翌日上午较易出现大雾。起雾时间为04：00—07：00,其中07：00最易起雾,雾消时间为04：00-12：00,09：00-11：00雾最易消散;雾日时静风概率为52％,风速小于等于3m／s的概率超过95％,不利于近地层空气的水平交换;雾日多伴有逆温层存在且逆温层具有底高较低、厚度较厚、强度较强的特点,不利于近地层空气的上下交换,因而雾日空气质量较差。  相似文献   

A novel approach to fog/low stratus detection using Meteosat 8 data   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jan Cermak  Jrg Bendix 《Atmospheric Research》2008,87(3-4):279

A method is presented for fog and low stratus detection from daytime satellite imagery based on Meteosat 8 SEVIRI (Spinning-Enhanced Visible and Infra-Red Imager) data. With its excellent spatial, spectral and temporal resolutions, this imagery is an ideal basis for operational fog monitoring. The scheme utilizes a range of pixel-based and novel object-oriented techniques to separate fog and low stratus clouds from other cloud types. Fog and low stratus are identified by a number of tests which explicitly and implicitly address fog/low stratus spectral, spatial and microphysical properties. The scheme's performance is evaluated using ground-based measurements of cloud height over Europe. The algorithm is found to detect low clouds very accurately, with probabilities of detection (POD) ranging from 0.632 to 0.834 (for different inter-comparison approaches), and false alarm ratios (FAR) between 0.059 and 0.021. The retrieval of sub-pixel and temporal effects remain issues for further investigation.  相似文献   

Trends in fog frequencies in the Los Angeles Basin   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M.R. Witiw  Steve LaDochy 《Atmospheric Research》2008,87(3-4):293

Data from throughout the Los Angeles area were examined to determine the horizontal distribution of dense fog (visibility < 400 m) in the region and trends over time. The relationship between the occurrence of dense fog to the phase of two atmosphere–ocean cycles: the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) measured by the PDO Index and the Southern Oscillation measured by the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) was investigated. In addition, the influence of the urban heat island and the amount of suspended particulate matter were assessed. For the three stations that had 22 or more years of data, we examined trends and the relation to atmosphere–ocean cycles. Results show a decrease in the occurrence of very low visibilities (< 400 m) at the stations in close proximity to the Pacific Ocean, Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) and Long Beach International Airport (LGB). Occurrence of the frequency of low visibilities at these two locations was also highly correlated with the phase of the PDO. Only a weak, non-statistically significant relationship was seen with the SOI. At Burbank, a reporting station about 30 km from the ocean, no trends were noted, and there was no evidence of a correlation with either the PDO Index or the SOI. In the Los Angeles Central Business District (CBD) when comparing dense fog occurrence in the early 1960s to a similar period in the early 2000s we saw a decrease in dense fog from a mean of 10 h per year to a mean of 3 h per year. Also contributing to the decrease was decreasing particulate pollution and increased urban warming. A downward trend in particulate concentrations coupled with an upward trend in urban temperatures were associated with a decrease in dense fog occurrence at both LAX and LGB. These trends were evident for the period 1966–1997, but appear to have ended by the late 1990s.  相似文献   

Processing of atmospheric organic matter by California radiation fogs   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Jeffrey L. Collett Jr.  Pierre Herckes  Sarah Youngster  Taehyoung Lee 《Atmospheric Research》2008,87(3-4):232

Considerable effort has been put into characterizing the ionic composition of fogs and clouds over the past twenty-five years. Recently it has become evident that clouds and fogs often contain large concentrations of organic material as well. Here we report findings from a series of studies examining the organic composition of radiation fogs in central California. Organic compounds in these fogs comprise a major fraction of total solute mass, with total organic carbon sometimes reaching levels of several tens of mg/L. This organic matter is comprised of a wide variety of compounds, ranging from low molecular weight organic acids to high molecular weight compounds with molecular masses approaching several hundred to a thousand g/mole. The most abundant individual compounds are typically formic acid, acetic acid, and formaldehyde. High concentrations are also observed of some dicarboxylic acids (e.g., oxalate) and dicarbonyls (e.g., glyoxal and methylglyoxal) and of levoglucosan, an anhydrosugar characteristically emitted by biomass combustion. Many other compounds have been identified in fog water by GC/MS, including long chain n-alkanoic acids, n-alkanes, PAH, and others, although these compounds typically comprise a total of only a few percent of fog TOC. Measurements of fog scavenging of organic and elemental carbon reveal preferential scavenging of organic carbon. Tracking of individual organic compounds utilized as source type markers suggests the fogs differentially scavenge carbonaceous particles from different source types, with more active processing of wood smoke than vehicle exhaust. Observations of high deposition velocities of fog-borne organic carbon, in excess of 1 cm/s, indicate that fogs in the region represent an important mechanism for cleansing the atmosphere of pollution.  相似文献