A Vulnerability Interpretation of the Geography of HIV/AIDS in Ghana, 1986–1995     

《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):437-448

Ten years after the human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) was first reported in Ghana, it continues to spread throughout the country following patterns that are rare in other African countries. HIV is seen in twice as many females as males, more frequently in rural than urban regions, and regions with high rates of polygamy have significantly lower rates. The evidence presented in this paper shows that HIV diffusion patterns probably reflect the spatial distribution and social networks of vulnerable social groups. While information-based campaigns are still necessary in the fight against HIV/AIDS, they fail to enable or empower vulnerable people to protect themselves against infection.  相似文献   

Environmental concerns of poor households in low-income cities: the case of the Tamale Metropolis,Ghana     

Issaka Kanton Osumanu 《GeoJournal》2007,68(4):343-355

The Tamale Metropolitan Area (TMA), as a low-income city in a heavily indebted poor country, is at the first stage of the urban environmental transition where most of the environmental problems tend to occur close to the home. Some of the more severe household environmental problems are poor housing, inadequate potable water supply, unsanitary conditions, uncollected garbage, indoor air pollution and pest infestation. Those usually exposed to these environmental burdens are the less wealthy households who have benefited less from development planning and infrastructure provision. Using questionnaire survey and focus group discussions, this study explored the environmental anxieties of households in the metropolis. A stratified sample of residential areas of the city was employed, and the study is able to examine city-wide disparities. The results indicate that problems of water supply are the concern of all groups. Sanitation and garbage disposal services are problems faced mainly by the poor in low-income areas. Other problems faced by the poor are overcrowding, indoor air pollution and pest infestation, but these problems are not highlighted by the poor reflecting a misplaced lack of concern for these problem areas and ignorance of the health risks posed by these hazards. The finding suggests a considerable demand for improvements in environmental service provision and a general willingness to pay for such improvements.

Issaka Kanton OsumanuEmail:

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加纳水井钻完井施工技术          下载免费PDF全文

李保红  欧阳昊 《探矿工程》2021,48(5):106-112

饮用水问题是关系到加纳人民健康和社会经济发展的重要问题。为解决这一问题,包括中国在内的世界多国政府和世界组织提供资金,建设了一批水井项目以改善该国的饮用水现状。湖北省地质工程有限公司在加纳历经21年的野外工作,克服各种技术问题,共完成4000多口水文水井的施工任务,积累了丰富的水文水井施工经验。本文介绍了加纳的水文地质概况及当地的施工技术要求,提出了一套适合于当地环境的施工机械设备配套方案。针对该国花岗岩、千枚岩和石英砂岩3大类地层特点,各提出了一套含开孔、钻进、扩孔和下滤管、投滤料等工序的钻完井施工工艺技术方案。  相似文献   

Sisterhood and Seine‐Nets: Engendering Development and Conservation in Ghana's Marine Fishery     

Barbara Louise Endemao Walker 《The Professional geographer》2001,53(2):160-177

As processors and marketers of fish, women fishtraders in the Fanti town of Cape Coast, Ghana have become powerful financers and owners of canoes, nets, and other fishing equipment. Since the 1960s, when motors were first introduced to Ghana's artisanal canoe fleet, two interrelated processes have occurred in Cape Coast. First, Ghana's fisheries have become increasingly exploited and—in the case of some species—overfished. Second, the social relations of production in the artisanal sector have shifted from being socially embedded to being more market‐based and impersonal. I argue that two recent Women in Development (WID) projects in particular have contributed to the breakdown of fishtraders’ traditional economic networks and livelihood strategies: (a) loan schemes that target women's associations, and (b) the 1985 Intestate Succession Law, which reconfigured inheritance rights. These WID projects, based on western notions of gender and the household, have created disharmony and mistrust among Cape Coast's fishtraders rather than promoting their “development.” The breakdown of fishtraders’ labor and marketing organizations has resulted in increasingly desperate strategies to get fish, increased degradation of Ghana's marine environment, and uncertainty for the future of the coastal economy.  相似文献   

Problems of Artisanal Marine Fishermen in Ghana: The Way Ahead   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

John Victor Mensah  & Barima Kwabina Antwi 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2002,23(2):217-235

Marine fishing is an important traditional economic activity of the coastal communities in Ghana and contributes over 80 per cent of the total fish catch. The traditional sector accounts for over 75 per cent of the marine catch. The small-scale artisanal marine fishing communities, which contribute less than 30 per cent of the traditional sector landings, are generally characterised by low levels of production and, hence, low incomes, poor living conditions and chronic indebtedness. Based on field data on artisanal fishing communities in the Ahanta West and Gomoa districts, this paper summarises the chronic problems of artisanal fishermen that perpetuate their precarious existence in the coastal environment. Overcoming the problems of these increasingly marginalised and migrant communities calls for the provision of supplementary employment opportunities, improved social services and the formation of solidarity groups to enhance access to micro credit. These would require technical and management training as well as support services from government and non-governmental organisations (NGOs).  相似文献   

Understanding land-use/cover change process for land and environmental resources use management policy in Ghana   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Opoku Pabi 《GeoJournal》2007,68(4):369-383

Accurate information on land-use/cover change is a critical input for natural resource use management policy decisions. In Ghana, however, land-use/cover change is premised on the assumption that there has been a historically simple, linear, and uniform degradation of vegetation across all landscapes. The Kintampo and neighboring districts have become a subject of intense debate as to the real nature of prevailing land cover changes .It is commonly assumed that there is ubiquitously progressive irreversible woody vegetation loss across the area. The paper reports on the process and amount of land-use/cover changes that have prevailed in specific localities across the area within a 10-year period. It is hoped this will improve understanding and management of land-use/cover change in Ghana. Remote sensing and Geographic information systems technologies were used for the investigation. A multi-site satellite imagery approach was adopted to ensure that inductive inferences could be made. The outcome of the study indicated that, in space and time, there have been significant land-use/cover changes. Variability in change was a constant, rather than occasional feature across these human dominated landscapes. The conversion and transformation processes indicated that the traditional land-use strategies are self-sustaining. Any effective land-use/cover management strategy should be built upon the existing traditional farming system knowledge and practices.  相似文献   

The Changing Geography of Export Trade in Ghana under Structural Adjustment Programs: Some Socioeconomic and Spatial Implications     

Kwadwo Konadu‐Agyemang  Sesime Adanu 《The Professional geographer》2003,55(4):513-527

Like many other countries in Africa, Ghana has traditionally depended on a few export products—namely, cocoa, timber, and mineral resources—as the mainstays of its economy. The often‐volatile nature of the world market price of these products made the economy very vulnerable to fluctuations in the prices of export commodities. Moreover, the geographical distribution of these resources meant that only a few regions could participate in their production and export. This resulted in wide spatial and socioeconomic disparities between the producing and nonproducing regions. Within the past eighteen years, however, a shift seems to have taken place. Under the auspices of the ongoing structural adjustment programs, emphasis is being placed on nontraditional export goods. This is not only helping to reduce the vulnerability of the economy by diversifying the sources of export earnings, but also engendering participation in the export trade by regions that have been traditionally left behind. This study analyses the changing geography of the export trade of Ghana using data from the International Monetary Fund/World Bank, the Ghanaian government, the World Trade Organization, and field observation. The study argues that while these new trends and efforts are laudable, they cannot bridge the gap between the export producing and nonproducing areas and cushion the economy against the vagaries of the export market unless deliberate attempts are made to improve transportation and other basic infrastructure in the less‐endowed areas.  相似文献   

Book Reviews     

《The Professional geographer》1998,50(4):531-548

Adams, William M., Goudie, Andrew S., and Orme, Antony R. (eds.), The Physical Geography of Africa Agnew, John A. (ed.), Political Geography: A Reader Birkin, Mark, Clarke, Graham, Clarke, Martin, and Wilson, Alan, Intelligent GIS: Location Decisions and Strategic Planning Cole, George M., Water Boundaries Ramesh Dutta Dickshit (ed.), Developments in Political Geography: ACentury of Progress Hanink, Dean M., Principles and Applications of Economic Geography: Economy, Policy, Environment Hutcheon, P.D., Leaving the Cave: Evolutionary Naturalism in Social-Scientific Thought Johns, Michael, The City of Mexico in the Age of Diaz Lewis, Arnold, An Early Encounter with Tomorrow: Europeans, Chicago's Loop and the World's Columbian Exposition Lin, George C.S., Red Capitalism in South China: Growth and Dvelopmentof the Pearl River Delta Mitchell, Bruce, Resource and Environmental Management Munton, Don (ed.), Hazardous Waste Siting and Democratic Choice Stoddard, Robert H. and Morinis, Alan (eds.), Sacred Spaces, Sacred Places: the Geography of Pilgrimages Van Gardingen, P.R., Foody, G.M. and Curran, P.J., Scaling-up: From Cell to Landscape  相似文献   

RIVER BLINDNESS REVISITED*     

JOHN M. HUNTER 《Geographical review》2010,100(4):559-582

My hypothesis on onchocerciasis, or river blindness, appeared in the Geographical Review of 1966. It led to an invitation from the World Health Organization in 1972 to revisit the problem area for two months to provide information to assist in the planning of a twenty‐year program of intervention. This article presents unpublished maps selected from my 1972 report. The issues discussed have relevance today regarding international health projects, air‐mass climatology, and human geography.  相似文献   

加纳阿瓦索红土型铝土矿床地球化学特征及成矿作用研究          下载免费PDF全文

郑辉  葛志超  秦术凯  黄奎  白进春  梁清玲 《地质找矿论丛》2017,32(2):334-339

红土型铝土矿是加纳共和国铝土矿资源的主要矿床类型。阿瓦索铝土矿床产于西非克拉通古元古界比理姆岩系(泥板岩类)的表层红土中,是典型的红土型铝土矿。通过分析阿瓦索铝土矿的成矿地质背景、矿体特征以及矿石地球化学元素特征发现,铝土矿石的化学组分以Al_2O_3、SiO_2、TFe_2O_3为主,TiO_2次之,碱金属元素含量极低;风化过程中Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta等微量元素含量稳定;Cr—Ni关系图显示比理姆岩系为铝土矿的矿源岩,三水铝石主要由比理姆岩系中的黏土矿物经过风化淋滤形成,表层铝土矿在后期风化和红土化作用下结构构造发生一定的变化,铁氧化成以赤铁矿为主的铁壳,最终形成一个大型的红土型铝土矿。  相似文献