A Study of Pretreatment Methods for Terrigenous Grain-Size Analysis of Marine Sediments     

Zhao Shaohua  Liu Zhifei 《地球科学进展》2017,32(7):769-780

The prerequisite for obtaining variations of terrigenous grain-size of marine sediments is how to effectively remove non-terrigenous matters and preserve terrigenous particles synchronously. Combined with observations under biological microscope and scanning electron microscope, a comparative study of biogenic debris removal effect and terrigenous grain-size analysis under different pretreatment condition was performed on core sediments, which were retrieved in the South China Sea during the MD190 cruise. Our new results showed that the main three biogenic particles, namely, organic matter, carbonate, and opal in marine sediments could be removed effectively by 30% H₂O₂ in a stirring water bath at 60 ℃ for 3 h, 0.5% HCl for 1 h, and 2 mol/L Na₂CO₃ in a stirring water bath at 85 ℃ for 5 h, in turn. Such pretreatments achieved the goals of biogenic debris removal efficiency and relatively well-preserved terrigenous particles. Prior to selecting an appropriate pretreatment method, this study suggested that the actual effects of biogenic detritus on grain-size results of diverse marine sediment samples should be taken into account. If the laboratory data are ensured to be closer to the natural grain-size distribution of terrigenous particles, the removals of all biogenic debris are not always needed, and the less pretreatment processes the better. For example, opal particles have little effect on terrigenous grain-size distribution when their percentage is lower than 2%. Thus, there is no use to remove them from marine sediments before laboratory grain-size analysis of terrigenous particles. Additionally, ultrasonic is not suggested through the whole process of terrigenous grain-size analysis because the strong energy of ultrasonic can lead to the fragmentation of some fragile terrigenous particles.  相似文献   

线形沙丘的风沙沉积特征与内部构造   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：4  

钱征宇  刘守勤 《中国沙漠》1994,14(3):25-30

本文介绍了线形沙丘不同部位风沙沉积物的粒度特征、易溶盐含量特征和颗粒形态特征，通过现场全断面开挖线形沙丘剖面，对线形沙丘的内部构造进行了观测，结合研究地区的风信资料，对线形沙丘的风沙堆积过程进行了初步分析研究。  相似文献   

High-resolution grain-size characterisation of gravel bars using imagery analysis and geo-statistics   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Joan M. Verdú  Ramon J. Batalla  Jos A. Martínez-Casasnovas 《Geomorphology》2005,72(1-4):73-93

The scarcity of grain-size data from gravel-bed rivers has traditionally hindered hydraulic, sediment transport and river habitat studies. A new remote sensing methodology to estimate grain-size distribution is presented. It combines textural digital images of the riverbed at 1 : 1000 and 1 : 40 scales with grain-size sampling. It was applied to a 12-km reach of the Isábena River (Central Pyrenees NE Spain). First, textural patterns for each grain-size range were obtained, selecting the most closely related texture variables, including the use of semivariograms. Second, multiple linear regression equations were derived from the textural variables to estimate each value of the grain-size distribution. The highest correlation values (r²) were obtained from the central part of the distribution (D₅₀ with a RMS error of 12.7%). Finally, new multiple linear regression equations to estimate the D₅₀ and D₈₄ were obtained from 1 : 1000 images and four textural variables. These were used to derive D₅₀ and D₈₄ maps of the riverbed, re-sampled at a resolution of 1.5 m pixels, with RMS estimation errors of 26% and 32%, respectively. Downstream change in grain-size is also well reproduced by the method. The mean D₅₀ of 72 and 32 mm were estimated in the upper and the lower reaches of the river, respectively. The methodology shows great potential for application, the relation between the spatial resolution of the images and the mean grain-size of the riverbed sediment being the main issue for future development.  相似文献   

Localized rheological weakening by grain-size reduction during lithospheric extension   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tadashi Yamasaki   《Tectonophysics》2004,386(3-4):117-145

Grain-size reduction may be a possible mechanism for the origin of localized deformation in the ductile regime. I investigated the effects of grain-size reduction due to dynamic recrystallization, cataclasis, and syntectonic metamorphic reaction on the stress envelope in the lithospheric mantle during extension by using a simple one-dimensional model. In this model, the lithosphere extends uniformly with a constant strain rate, and a fall in rock strength appears as a decrease in stress. Because grain-size distribution at the onset of extension is unknown, I regarded the steady state grain-size due to dynamic recrystallization as the initial size. Then, I evaluated the maximum effects of grain-size reduction by dynamic recrystallization during extension, and consequently examined the effects of grain-size reduction by cataclasis and metamorphic reaction under conditions when dynamic recrystallization occurs significantly. I find that it is difficult to bring about localized rheological weakening by grain-size reduction owing to dynamic recrystallization. In contrast, grain-size reduction by cataclasis can cause localized weakening during extension. There is a wide-ranging rate of grain-size reduction by means of cataclasis that causes localized weakening just below the Moho. I specified the reaction from spinel-lherzolite to plagioclase-lherzolite that plays a role in grain-size reduction by syntectonic metamorphism. The reaction occurs at depths less than 35 km, which is independent of the initial thermal state of the lithosphere. Localized rheological weakening can occur if the following conditions are satisfied: (1) grain-size before the reaction is greater than 0.7 mm under dry conditions and greater than 0.5 mm under wet conditions, and it decreases down to those values by the reaction; (2) grain-size decreases down to less than initial grain-size, when the dominant deformation mechanism is GSS creep at the onset of extension. It is also noted that dry conditions are more favourable for localized weakening.  相似文献   

三趾马红粘土的粒度组成特征及其地质意义   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

陈丹玲 《西北地质科学》1996,17(2):1-5

黄河中游三趾马红粘土的粒度组成特征是以粉土（０．０５－０．００５ｍｍ）粒级为主，且粗粉土（０．０５—０．０１ｍｍ）粒级含量为所有粒级含量之冠，缺乏大于０．２５ｍｍ颗粒．主要粒级百分含量、粒度分布概率曲线显示出与黄土及现代风尘极为相似的面貌，表明三趾马红粘土为风力搬运的粉尘堆积．  相似文献   

Using quartz grain size and shape analysis to distinguish between aeolian and fluvial deposits in the Dallol Bosso of Niger (West Africa)     

E. N. Bui  J. M. Mazzullo  L. P. Wilding 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1989,14(2):157-166

Size and Fourier-shape characteristics of quartz sand grains were determined by computerized image analysis in order to distinguish between aeolian and fluvial soil parent materials in the Dallol Bosso in Niger. Factor analysis of grain-size distributions gave four sand end-members that can be related to fluvial transport dynamics operating when the sediments were initially deposited. The medium to fine (and more angular shaped) sand fractions are being reworked by wind. Aeolian deposits were well sorted whereas fluvial deposits were poorly sorted in both size and shape. Although gross-shape characteristics (lower harmonics of Fourier series expansion) indicated a common source rock for all sands, the aeolian sands were well rounded whereas the fluvial sands tended to be more angular (upper harmonics of Fourier series).  相似文献   

毛乌素沙地南缘横向沙丘粒度分布及其对风向变化的响应   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

哈斯  庄燕美  王蕾  王志 《地理科学进展》2006,25(6):42-51

在风季发生转换期间, 根据不同方向风的持续时间, 对毛乌素沙地南缘长48m, 高8m 的 横向沙丘进行了7 次断面形态测量和表面沉积物采样分析。结果表明, 横向沙丘断面形态及表面 沉积物粒度分布随区域气流方向和强度而发生变化。在沙丘各部位, 丘顶及附近两侧的沙粒活动 性强, 表面沉积物粒径及分选参数变化显著。在粒径及分选参数中, 粒径频率曲线、平均粒径和偏 度对风的作用比较敏感, 随时间的变化也明显, 利用它们的变化可以解释区域气流变化对沙丘的 影响。风向发生转换时期的短期观测和采样分析结果进一步说明采样时间是影响沙丘表面沉积 物粒度特征的重要因素。  相似文献   

Comparison of the graphic and moment methods for analyzing grain-size distributions: A case study for the Chinese inner continental shelf seas     

《国际泥沙研究》2022,37(6):729-736

  相似文献   

Aquifer hydraulic conductivity prediction via coupling model of MCMC-ANN          下载免费PDF全文

GUI Chun-lei  WANG Zhen-xing  MA Rong  ZUO Xue-feng 《地下水科学与工程》2021,9(1):1-11

Grain-size distribution data,as a substitute for measuring hydraulic conductivity(K),has often been used to get K value indirectly.With grain-size distribution data of 150 sets of samples being input data,this study combined the Artificial Neural Network technology(ANN)and Markov Chain Monte Carlo method(MCMC),which replaced the Monte Carlo method(MC)of Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation(GLUE),to establish the GLUE-ANN model for hydraulic conductivity prediction and uncertainty analysis.By means of applying the GLUE-ANN model to a typical piedmont region and central region of North China Plain,and being compared with actually measured values of hydraulic conductivity,the relative error ranges are between 1.55%and 23.53%and between 14.08%and 27.22%respectively,the accuracy of which can meet the requirements of groundwater resources assessment.The global best parameter gained through posterior distribution test indicates that the GLUEANN model,which has satisfying sampling efficiency and optimization capability,is able to reasonably reflect the uncertainty of hydrogeological parameters.Furthermore,the influence of stochastic observation error(SOE)in grain-size analysis upon prediction of hydraulic conductivity was discussed,and it is believed that the influence can not be neglected.  相似文献   

Reconstruction of Mid-Holocene sedimentary environments in the central part of the Thessaloniki Plain (Greece), based on microfaunal identification, magnetic susceptibility and grain-size analyses   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Matthieu Ghilardi  Stphane Kunesch  Mixalis Styllas  Eric Fouache 《Geomorphology》2008,97(3-4):617-630

The study aims to estimate the relative contributions of the two drainage basins of the Aliakmon and Axios rivers which, since the Mid-Holocene, have been responsible for building the largest deltaic area in Greece. Sediments from five cores located in the central part of the Thessaloniki Plain have been studied for their environmental changes using paleontological and sedimentological methods. Chronostratigraphical evidence was obtained from ¹⁴C AMS dating of marine shells, peat and organic sediment samples. During the Holocene marine transgression, this large coastal plain was a shallow marine bay reaching approx. 35 km inland circa the 4th millennium BC, from which the sea subsequently regressed to the east. Around the middle of the 3rd millennium BC, strong fluvial deposition of Aliakmon, to the east, and of Axios, to the north, occurred and was responsible of a gradual change to lagoonal and limnic environmental conditions. Around the 5th Century BC, a freshwater lake occupied the westernmost part of the plain.Microfaunal identification, together with magnetic susceptibility measurements, and grain-size analysis reveal three main environments of sediment deposition that reflect combinations of both concentrated and dispersed sources of magnetic/source minerals. Using remote sensing and a combination of spectral bands (LANDSAT TM imagery), we identify former fluvial levees and a freshwater lake, and give a spatial interpretation of the rivers' influences in building this deltaic complex. The mechanisms of edification of the plain as well as the roles played by Aliakmon and Axios sedimentation are described.  相似文献