Impact of fracture network geometry on free convective flow patterns     

《Advances in water resources》2014

The effect of fracture network geometry on free convection in fractured rock is studied using numerical simulations. We examine the structural properties of fracture networks that control the onset and strength of free convection and the patterns of density-dependent flow. Applicability of the equivalent porous medium approach (EPM) is also tested, and recommendations are given, for which situations the EPM approach is valid. To date, the structural properties of fracture networks that determine free convective flow are examined only in few, predominantly simplified regular fracture networks. We consider fracture networks containing continuous, discontinuous, orthogonal and/or inclined discrete fractures embedded in a low-permeability rock matrix. The results indicate that bulk permeability is not adequate to infer the occurrence and magnitude of free convection in fractured rock. Fracture networks can inhibit or promote convection depending on the fracture network geometry. Continuous fracture circuits are the crucial geometrical feature of fracture networks, because large continuous fracture circuits with a large vertical extent promote convection. The likelihood of continuous fracture circuits and thus of free convection increases with increasing fracture density and fracture length, but individual fracture locations may result in great deviances in strength of convection between statistically equivalent fracture networks such that prediction remains subject to large uncertainty.  相似文献   

Reconstructing the gravity gradient anomaly field from surveys with wide line spacing using equivalent source processing: an error analysis     

Gary Barnes 《Geophysical Prospecting》2014,62(3):646-657

When anomalous gravity gradient signals provide a large signal‐to‐noise ratio, airborne and marine surveys can be considered with wide line spacing. In these cases, spatial resolution and sampling requirements become the limiting factors for specifying the line spacing, rather than anomaly detectability. This situation is analysed by generating known signals from a geological model and then sub‐sampling them using a simulated airborne gravity gradient survey with a line spacing much wider than the characteristic anomaly size. The data are processed using an equivalent source inversion, which is used subsequently to predict and grid the field in‐between the survey lines by means of forward calculations. Spatial and spectral error analysis is used to quantify the accuracy and resolution of the processed data and the advantages of acquiring multiple gravity gradient components are demonstrated. With measurements of the full tensor along survey lines spaced at 4 × 4 km, it is shown that the vertical gravity gradient can be reconstructed accurately over a bandwidth of 2 km with spatial root‐mean square errors less than 30%. A real airborne full‐tensor gravity gradient survey is presented to confirm the synthetic analysis in a practical situation.  相似文献   

Monitoring land subsidence and fault deformation using the small baseline subset InSAR technique: A case study in the Datong Basin,China     

《Journal of Geodynamics》2014

The Datong Basin is located to the north of the Fenwei Graben Basin, where ground fissures and subsidence are common geological hazards. The Datong Basin is also one of China's main energy bases and is known as “the hometown of coal”. In this study, the small baseline subset InSAR technique was used to process 40 scenes of Envisat ASAR images that cover this area. The magnitude and distribution of subsidence in the Datong Basin were obtained. Additionally, the relationships among the regional land subsidence, ground fissures and fault activity were addressed. The results reveal that Datong ground subsidence is affected by the groundwater exploitation and the nearby faults. The Datong ground fissures are controlled by regional fault activity (e.g., seismic activity) and its interaction with the ground subsidence. Meanwhile, the influence of surface precipitation on ground fissure activity was analyzed. The differential subsidence on both sides of the ground fissures was also studied.  相似文献   

经验模态分解法在安徽省南部地下流体分析中的应用     

孙盼盼  张军  方震  陶月潮  王俊 《高原地震》2014,26(3):33-37

首次引进经验模态分解法（EMD）对安徽省南部地下流体进行分析。通过对地下流体数据的分解与重构,发现该方法能提取不同尺度的水位动态,效果较好。通过对震例的总结发现：显著地震前、后安徽省南部地下流体EMD重构结果均出现异常,且存在某些地震前兆敏感点。同时,还对地震前地下流体的变化原因进行了初步分析。  相似文献   

Compatibility Assessment of Recharge Water with Native Groundwater Using Reactive Hydrogeochemical Modeling in Pinggu,Beijing          下载免费PDF全文

Ying Lu  Xinqiang Du  Yuesuo Yang  Wei Fan  Baoming Chi  Zijia Wang  Xueyan Ye 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2014,42(6):722-730

  相似文献   

Characteristics-based classification research on typical petroleum contaminants of groundwater     

MA Shao-bing  ZHOU Jun  LIANG Peng  SU Yao-ming 《地下水科学与工程》2014,2(4):41-47

Petroleum pollution has become an important factor to threaten the groundwater environment, and the classification of its typical characteristics will contribute to pollution assessment and environmental management. Under the same hydrogeological features con?dition, the reaction of typical petroleum pollutants in groundwater depends on the charac?teristics. This paper takes the typical toxicity, oil pollutant migration, degradation, water-soluble etc. as evaluation indexes, and with AHP method the typical petroleum pollut?ants in groundwater are divided into four classifications according to comprehensive calculated values: comprehensive value≥2.5, Class I hazardous pollutant; 2.0≤comprehensive value＜2.5, Class II hazardous pollutant; 1.5≤comprehensive value＜2.0, Class III hazardous po?llutant; comprehensive value＜1.5, Class IV hazardous pollutant. The pollutant group shall be managed according to the classification, and obtained classification list will provide technical support for priority monitoring and priority repair of groundwater environmental management.  相似文献   

湿层结参数非常数时雨团模型中的位势不稳定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

于杰  张铭 《气象科学》2012,32(5):550-558

建立了圆柱坐标下湿层结参数在垂直方向不为常数时的非轴对称雨团数学模型,着重讨论了其中的位势不稳定问题。抽象出了暴雨发生前期、盛期和发生后的三种典型湿层结参数的垂直分布。得到了此时位势不稳定的判据,分别给出了不稳定扰动增长率与稳定扰动振荡圆频率的上、下界。并在该参数取分2段常数的情况下,进行了解析求解。得到以下结论:该模型雨团在水平方向可有螺旋结构,这与用雷达资料得到的实际情况一致。在暴雨发生前期,有位势不稳定发生;且螺旋臂条数越多,雨团半径越小,不稳定增长率的上界越大。在暴雨盛期,整层为弱位势稳定层结,无位势不稳定发生;扰动螺旋臂条数越少,半径越大,其振荡圆频率下界越大。在暴雨结束后,整层为强位势稳定层结,也无位势不稳定发生;扰动螺旋臂条数越多,半径越小,其振荡圆频率的上界越大。在该参数取为2段常数情况下,且下层与上层其分别为负、正值时,有位势不稳定发生,且雨团的螺旋臂越多、半径越小及不稳定层次越厚,其增长率越大。该不稳定雨团的垂直结构在下层大体为半个正弦波,波长随不稳定层次的增厚而增大;在上层则为指数分布,且随高度增加迅速趋于0。  相似文献   

Adaptive state estimation of groundwater contaminant boundary input flux in a 2-dimensional aquifer     

Muhammad Malik Nauman  Murtuza Mehdi  Asif Iqbal  Muhammad Saifullah Abu Bakar  Brahim Aissa  Dk Nur Afiqah Jalwati Puteri  Amer Farhan Rafique 《地下水科学与工程》2019,(4):373-382

In many circumstances involving heat and mass transfer issues,it is considered impractical to measure the input flux and the resulting state distribution in the domain.Therefore,the need to develop techniques to provide solutions for such problems and estimate the inverse mass flux becomes imperative.Adaptive state estimator(ASE)is increasingly becoming a popular inverse estimation technique which resolves inverse problems by incorporating the semi-Markovian concept into a Bayesian estimation technique,thereby developing an inverse input and state estimator consisting of a bank of parallel adaptively weighted Kalman filters.The ASE is particularly designed for a system that encompasses independent unknowns and/or random switching of input and measurement biases.The present study describes the scheme to estimate the groundwater input contaminant flux and its transient distribution in a conjectural two-dimensional aquifer by means of ASE,which in particular is because of its unique ability to efficiently handle the process noise giving an estimation of keeping the relative error range within 10%in 2-dimensional problems.Numerical simulation results show that the proposed estimator presents decent estimation performance for both smoothly and abruptly varying input flux scenarios.Results also show that ASE enjoys a better estimation performance than its competitor,Recursive Least Square Estimator(RLSE)due to its larger error tolerance in greater process noise regimes.ASE's inherent deficiency of being slower than the RLSE,resulting from the complexity of algorithm,was also noticed.The chosen input scenarios are tested to calculate the effect of input area and both estimators show improved results with an increase in input flux area especially as sensors are moved closer to the assumed input location.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地北部深埋区“地貌—沉积”控水关键要素研究     

杨建  刘基  黄浩  梁向阳 《地球科学进展》2019,(5):523-530

鄂尔多斯盆地北部深埋煤田区地表主要有沙漠、基岩台地和黄土沟壑等地貌类型,沙漠区工作面涌水量比其他地貌区大1~2个数量级。为了查清煤层顶板直接充水含水层补给水源、导水通道和充水强度的控制要素,从地形地貌和地质沉积方面开展了研究,结果表明:沙漠地貌地势平缓,降水入渗系数大,第四系厚度大、富水性强,为下伏含水层提供了丰富的补给水源;基岩台地和黄土沟壑地貌,地形起伏大,降水入渗系数极小,浅部地层富水性极弱,是下伏含水层补给能力较弱的水源。陆相沉积形成的砂泥岩互层结构,不存在区域性稳定隔水层,各层段均属于弱-中等富水性含水层,3个矿井的白垩系含水层水位下降了20~130 m,证明浅部与深部含水层存在较密切的水力联系。煤层顶板主要发育七里镇砂岩和真武洞砂岩含水层,为厚度较大的中粗砂岩段,直接充水含水层地质沉积条件相似,但是沙漠区工作面顶板钻孔水量、累计预疏放水量和采空区涌水量均远大于其他地貌区,直接充水含水层富水性主要受地貌控制,深部含水层的水源为大气降水和第四系含水层。沙漠地貌区的不同矿井,工作面顶板钻孔水量、累计预疏放水量、采空区涌水量也存在较大差异,该差异与直接充水含水层厚度和岩性等有关,反映了地质沉积条件也是控制含水层富水性的重要因素。地形地貌和地质沉积是控制直接充水含水层富水性和工作面涌水量的关键要素。  相似文献   

Groundwater Sustainability in Arid and Semi-arid Environments: A Review2     

Sijia Wang  Hu Liu  Wenzhi Zhao  Zhongkai Li 《地球科学进展》2019,34(2):210-223

Groundwater is an important part of the global hydrological cycle. Sustainable utilization of groundwater is related to regional ecological security and food security, especially in arid and semi-arid environments. This paper reviewed the important achievements of the research on groundwater sustainability in arid and semi-arid environments during the past 30 years, and summarized the research progress in groundwater sustainability of arid and semi-arid environments from the conception evolution of groundwater sustainability, evaluation methods, influencing factors, sustainable management, and research frontiers. Our analysis suggests that groundwater in water limited environments around the world has shown unsustainable characteristics both in terms of quantity and quality. However, the existing research focuses more on the quantitative characteristics than the quality characteristics of groundwater, and thus the seriousness of the decline in groundwater sustainability is potentially underestimated. It is pointed out that more research efforts need to be done in the future in balancing the groundwater resources for human and nature, clarifying the impacts of human disturbance and climate change on groundwater sustainability, and strengthening groundwater sustainability through transboundary watershed management. We argued that the difficulty remains how to quantify the sustainable yield of a groundwater basin, and how to assess the groundwater sustainability. Further investigations are required in improving the theoretical framework of groundwater sustainability, modeling the impacts of the various alternative groundwater development scenarios, developing more flexible and efficient indicator frameworks for sustainability evaluation of groundwater system, and deploying more sophisticated groundwater monitoring network for real-time data acquisition. Finally, awareness should also be raised towards ground water sustainability both at the legal level and in the sphere of political action.  相似文献