Accumulation features of trace elements in mass-stranded harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in the North Sea coast in 2002: the body distribution and association with growth and nutrition status     

Agusa T  Yasugi SY  Iida A  Ikemoto T  Anan Y  Kuiken T  Osterhaus AD  Tanabe S  Iwata H 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(5):963-975

Body distribution and growth- and nutritional status-dependent accumulation of 21 trace elements were investigated in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) stranded in the North Sea coast in 2002. Higher concentrations and burdens of Mn, Se, Mo, Ag, Sn, Hg, and Bi in the liver, Cd in the kidney, As in the blubber, and Co, Sr, and Ba in the bone were observed. Significant positive correlations of hepatic Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Hg, Tl, and Bi with standard body length were found, while significant negative relationships were detected for Mn, As, Rb, Sr, and Sb in the liver. Concentrations of Co, Se, Sr, Sn, Hg, and Bi in the liver, V, Sr, Ag, Sn, and Hg in the kidney, V, Mn, Co, Rb, Sr, Sn, Ba, and Pb in the blubber increased with decreasing blubber thickness of harbor seals, indicating enrichment of these elements in the target tissue by emaciation.  相似文献   

Temporal and life history related trends of perfluorochemicals in harbor porpoises from the Danish North Sea     

Galatius A  Dietz R  Rigét FF  Sonne C  Kinze CC  Lockyer C  Bossi R 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(7):1476-1483

Eighty-five stranded or bycaught harbor porpoises collected from the Danish North Sea between 1980 and 2005 were analyzed for perfluorochemicals in the liver. PFOS was the predominant compound, making up on average 88.9% of the ∑PFC, followed by PFOSA (7.8%). PFUnA (1.9%) and PFDA (1.2%) were detected in most samples. PFHxS, PFNA and PFOA were only found in a minority of the samples. We found substantial differences in PFC concentrations among life history stages, the highest concentrations were found in neonates, suckling juveniles and lactating females. Such differences should be considered when PFC levels in wildlife are evaluated. The high concentrations found in young porpoises are of concern as PFCs have known toxic effects on the development of the central nervous system and reproductive organs. Despite efforts to reduce PFC emissions, a decreasing temporal trend of concentrations was not detected for any compound. PFCA concentrations were found to be increasing.  相似文献   

烟台市龙口港污损生物生态研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

冷宇  李继业  刘一霆  赵升  刘旭东 《海洋通报》2012,31(4):454-459

于2007年03月22日至2008年03月21日在山东省烟台市龙口港附近海域,进行了为期1年的挂板试验,本次调查共记录该海域污损生物32种,优势种为内枝多管藻(Polysiphonia morrowii)、软丝藻(Ulothrix flacca.)、肠浒苔(Entermorpha intestinalis)、中胚花筒螅(Tubularia mesembryanthemum)等.该海域全年均有污损生物附着,月板平均生物量为525.18 g/m2,5-11月的生物附着量较高,最高值出现在7月;季板平均生物量为1569.39 g/m2,生物群落的种类组成和生物量变化明显,其中秋季板生物量最高,龙口海域污损生物的附着种类受季节性水温变化的影响比较明显,藻类开始附着的温度低于动物.4个季度污损生物的种群多样性指数(H忆)春季最高,均匀度指数(J)和种群丰富度指数(M)则夏季最高.统计分析表明,龙口港海域污损生物群落可大致划分为 4个组群,秋季附着的污损生物代表了试验海域的主要特征,同时揭示出污损生物附着季节、演替时间长短等是影响群落种类组成的重要因素  相似文献   

海南东寨港红树林景观变化与原因分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

辛琨  黄星 《湿地科学与管理》2009,5(2)

以TM遥感卫星影像为数据源,借助GIS和RS技术获得海南东寨港红树林3个时期红树林分布图;进一步运用景观指数定量分析红树林在不同时期的变化特征。结果表明,近20年来,东寨港红树林各景观指数均有明显变化。其中,表征面积变化特征的景观相似性指数(LSI)和平均斑块面积(APA)有明显的下降趋势;而表征破碎化程度的单位周长斑块数(NPUP)和边界密度(PERD)呈上升趋势;形状指标(SI)也有下降趋势。说明东寨港的红树林在过去的20年,经历了衰减和破碎化过程;从不同角度,进一步分析了变化产生的主要驱动因子。  相似文献   

Influence of offshore topography on the amplification of infragravity oscillations within a harbor     

《Applied Ocean Research》2017

The main purpose of this article is to systematically investigate the influence of offshore fringing reef topography on the infragravity-period harbor oscillations. The infragravity (IG) period oscillations inside an elongated harbor induced by normally-incident bichromatic wave groups are simulated using a fully nonlinear Boussinesq model, FUNWAVE 2.0. Based on an IG wave decomposition method, effects of plane reef-face slopes, reef-face profile shapes and the existence of reef ridge on bound and free IG waves and their relative components inside the harbor are comprehensively studied. For the given harbor and reef ridge, the range of the reef-face slopes and the various profile shapes studied in this paper, results show that the amplitude of the free IG waves inside the harbor increases with the increasing of the reef-face slope; while the bound IG waves inside the harbor seem insensitive to it. The effects of the profile shapes on the IG period waves inside the harbor are closely related to the width of the reef face. The existence of the reef ridge can relieve the bound IG waves to some extent when the incident short wave amplitudes are relatively large, while its effects on the free IG waves are negligible.  相似文献   

Water quality of a port in NW Mexico and its rehabilitation with swell energy     

Guadalupe de la Lanza Espino  Iván Penié Rodríguez 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(1):123-130

Ensenada Harbor is one of the most important ports of Mexico. Anthropogenic activities have affected the area over several decades, leading to the accumulation of contaminants in its sediments, which eventually are re-suspended into the water column. In spite of water treatment of the tributaries that discharge into the Ensenada Harbor, the water circulation patterns of the harbor, which consist of closed eddies in the northern and southeastern sector, favor the accumulation of those contaminants and hinder exchange with adjacent seawater. Samples collected in October of 2005 registered 63 μM total inorganic nitrogen and 280 mg/L of COD, confirming that this is a highly contaminated environment when compared with other water bodies of North America. Such concentrations can be lowered up to 80% by using a wave energy pumping system that demonstrates the possibility to gradually dilute these contaminants and rehabilitate the Ensenada Harbor.  相似文献   

Nutrient availability in support of Karenia brevis blooms on the central West Florida Shelf: What keeps Karenia blooming?     

Gabriel A. Vargo  Cynthia A. Heil  Kent A. Fanning  L. Kellie Dixon  Merrie Beth Neely  Kristen Lester  Danylle Ault  Susan Murasko  Julie Havens  John Walsh  Steven Bell 《Continental Shelf Research》2008

Identifying nutrient sources, primarily nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), sufficient to support high biomass blooms of the red tide dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis, has remained problematic. The West Florida Shelf is oligotrophic, yet populations >10⁶ cells L⁻¹ frequently occur and blooms can persist for months. Here we examine the magnitude and variety of sources for N and P that are available to support blooms. Annual average in situ or background concentrations of inorganic N in the region where blooms occur range 0.02–0.2 μM while inorganic P ranges 0.025–0.24 μM. Such concentrations would be sufficient to support the growth of populations up to ∼3×10⁴ cells L⁻¹ with at least a 1 d turnover rate. Organic N concentrations average 1–2 orders of magnitude greater than inorganic N, 8–14 μM while organic P concentrations average 0.2–0.5 μM. Concentrations of organic N are sufficient to support blooms >10⁵ cells L⁻¹ but the extent to which this complex mixture of N species is utilizable is unknown. Other sources of nutrients included in our analysis are aerial deposition, estuarine flux, benthic flux, zooplankton excretion, N₂-fixation, and subsequent release of organic and inorganic N by Trichodesmium spp., and release of N and P from dead and decaying fish killed by the blooms. Inputs based on atmospheric deposition, benthic flux, and N₂-fixation, were minor contributors to the flux required to support growth of populations >2.6×10⁴ cells L⁻¹. N and P from decaying fish could theoretically maintain populations at moderate concentrations but insufficient data on the flux and subsequent mixing rates does not allow us to calculate average values. Zooplankton excretion rates, based on measured zooplankton population estimates and excretion rates could also supply all of the N and P required to support populations of 10⁵ and 10⁶ cells L⁻¹, respectively, but excretion is considered as “regenerated” nutrient input and can only maintain biomass rather than contribute to “new” biomass. The combined estuarine flux from Tampa Bay, Charlotte Harbor, and the Caloosahatchee River can supply a varying, but at times significant level of N and P to meet growth and photosynthesis requirements for populations of approximately 10⁵ cells L⁻¹ or below. Estimates of remineralization of dead fish could supply a significant proportion of bloom maintenance requirements but the rate of supply must still be determined. Overall, a combination of sources is required to maintain populations >10⁶ cells L⁻¹.  相似文献   

近4年来象山港赤潮监控区营养盐变化及其结构特征   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

张丽旭  蒋晓山  蔡燕红 《海洋通报》2006,25(6):1-9

根据2002—2005年4—9月份象山港赤潮监控区表层海水营养盐(Si,N和P)监测基础资料,分析、探讨了监控区水域的营养盐变化及其结构特征。分析结果表明:4年来,监控区水质富营养化严重,DIN的污染程度明显高于PO4-P;Si,N和P营养盐含量的空间波动程度存在明显的年际差异;SiO3-Si,PO4-P和NO3-N含量的月变化特征主要受港湾内藻类等浮游植物的生命活动和陆源径流的共同影响;NH4-N含量的月变化特征受鱼类新陈代谢强弱的影响。4年来NH4-N的含量略有升高,NO3-N和SiO3-Si的含量均有所降低,而NO2-N和PO4-P的含量则保持稳定;SiO3-Si/PO4-P比值略有所减小,NO2-N/DIN,NH4-N/DIN,NO3-N/DIN,DIN/PO4-P和SiO3-Si/DIN的比值均保持稳定。4年来整个监控区DIN一直处于热力学平衡状态,NO3-N量占DIN的83.77%～97.23%,是该海域DIN的主要存在形式,PO4-P一直是该海域初级生产力的主要潜在限制性因子。SiO3-Si/DIN<1,与DIN相比,SiO3-Si略显不足。  相似文献   

Observation of edge waves trapped on the continental shelf in the vicinity of Makurazaki Harbor, Kyushu, Japan     

Takashi Yanuma  Yoshinobu Tsuji 《Journal of Oceanography》1998,54(1):9-18

Sea-bottom pressure gauges were used to measure sea levels at two points on the shelf off the southern coast of Satsuma Peninsula, Kyushu, Japan. Spectral analysis of the observed records and the tide-gauge record of Makurazaki Harbor revealed several predominant common peaks. At the same time, the eigenmodes for the trapped waves on the shelf and inside Makurazaki Bay were obtained numerically using a two-dimensional model, and the periods and the spatial distribution of amplitudes of the proper modes were obtained. A comparison of the calculated modes with the periods and phase patterns of the observed peaks clarified that peaks with periods of 19.5, 16, 13.3, and 12.2 minutes in the shelf region were the modes of standing-edge waves, and the peak with the period of 16 minutes in Makurazaki Harbor was the fundamental mode of the harbor. Among the modes of standing-edge waves, the mode of the period 16 minutes on the shelf had nearly the same period as that of the fundamental mode of Makurazaki Harbor. An analysis of changes of spectral densities of these two modes confirmed that the fundamental mode of the Makurazaki Harbor was induced by this standing-wave mode.  相似文献   

厦门港湾潮间带沉积物中汞的赋存形态及其释放动力学   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王继纲  陈金民 《台湾海峡》2011,30(3):310-315

所研究的沉积物样品采自福建省厦门市的港湾潮问带地区,选择了10μg／dm’的汞标准使用液对采集回来的沉积物样品进行了预污染处理,利用预污染后的沉积物样品,在实验室中进行了一系列的汞释放动力学实验．实验结果表明,汞的释放量较低,达到释放平衡时的释放量小于5μg／kg,释放过程可分为2个阶段：前8h为快速释放阶段,之后为慢速释放阶段,大约在24h达释放平衡．采用了Tessier五步提取法对未污染过的沉积物原样及进行过预污染处理的沉积物样品进行了汞的形态分析,结果表明通过污染实验吸附到沉积物上的汞的各形态含量大小顺序为：HgS为主的惰性汞〉单质汞〉盐酸溶无机汞及甲基汞〉有机结合、螯合态汞〉水溶态、交换态等活性汞．  相似文献