New insights on mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in soils of the Padanian alluvial plain (Ferrara Province,northern Italy)     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2014,74(4):615-623

Heavy metals having both natural and anthropogenic origin are common contaminants in soils and sediments, and can be transferred and bioaccumulated at all levels of the food chain, posing serious environmental concern to the local population. In this paper, agricultural soils from the Province of Ferrara (easternmost part of the Padanian Plain, northern Italy) were investigated to assess the levels of potentially toxic metals in relation to their phytoavailability. Agricultural soils have been sampled in order to identify the origin, mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals, collecting superficial and deeper (depths of 20–30 and 100–120 cm, respectively) horizons. The “total” XRF analyses properly elaborated with a statistical approach reveal that soils evolved from two distinct types of alluvial sediments, in turn related to the Po and Reno rivers; the former type is distinctively enriched in heavy metals (particularly Cr and Ni), reflecting the presence of femic and ultrafemic rocks in the hydrological basin of River Po. The absence of Top Enrichment Factors for Ni, Co, Cr, V, and Pb suggests that the content of these elements is natural and unaffected by contamination, whereas superficial enrichments of Cu (and Zn) is ascribed to anthropogenic inputs related to agricultural activities. Multiple extraction tests using variously aggressive reactants (aqua regia, DTPA, EDTA, NH₄NO₃, and H₂O) analyzed by ICP gave insights on the specific mobility of the distinct elements, which decreases in the following order: Pb > Cu > Cd > Co > >Ni > Cr. Taking into consideration the elements that are inducing the main concerns, Cr appears scarcely mobile, whereas Ni could be more phytoavailable and has to be monitored in the local agricultural products. Cd although scarcely abundant has to be monitored for its mobility and toxicity, whereas Cu although abundant and extremely mobile doesn’t induce concerns as it is not hazardous for the living receptors.  相似文献   

Efficiency of heavy mass technology in traffic vibration reduction: Experimental and numerical investigation     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2014

Vibrations induced by traffic and construction activities cause serious environmental problems. The reduction of the impact of these vibrations on the nearby environment constitutes an important challenge, mainly in urban area. This paper presents both experimental investigation and 3D numerical modeling of the performance of heavy masses technology for scattering the ground vibrations. The efficiency of this method is compared to that of the trench barriers, largely studied in the literature. Analyses show that the heavy mass constitutes an efficient technology for the attenuation of the traffic induced vibrations. The performance of this method depends mainly on the mass weight. An amplitude reduction ratio up to 70% can be reached using this technology.  相似文献   

岩浆通道成矿系统   总被引：10，自引：5，他引：5  

苏尚国  汤中立  罗照华  邓晋福  伍光英  周美夫  宋晨  肖庆辉 《岩石学报》2014,30(11):3120-3130

全球最主要的岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床基本特征是:(1)矿石与围岩边界平直,呈侵入接触关系;(2)"矿浆"在岩浆成矿系统的晚期上侵就位;(3)矿体赋存于岩浆通道中.已有的成矿模型不能同时解释这三个基本特征,暗示必须进一步理解岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床的形成机制.最近几年我们的研究发现岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床中典型矿石具有如下特征:(1)矿石中存在流体晶矿物组合,它们既不同于岩浆岩中的矿物组合,也不同于变质岩中的矿物组合,推测是从流体中直接结晶的产物;(2)铜镍硫化物矿床中不同部位矿体中矿石存在显著的成分变化,前锋端矿石以富Ni为特点,尾端矿石富含Cu、Pt、Pd.据此,本文提出了"岩浆通道成矿系统"的新模型,试图整合解释岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床中的各种观测事实.所谓岩浆通道成矿系统,系指岩浆演化晚期,"矿浆"运移和就位的空间及其相关成矿要素的组合.该模型强调:(1)深部岩浆房在岩浆矿床的形成过程中起着非常重要的作用,"矿浆"定位于岩浆成矿系统演化的晚期;(2)矿浆具有整体的流动性,因而提出了"岩浆通道前进方向"的概念;(3)所谓的"矿浆"实际为富含矿熔体-流体流,后者因失去挥发份而呈"矿浆"状,以大的流体体积和流体/熔体比值为特征.数值模拟表明,往硫化物矿浆加入挥发份流体可以显著提高矿浆的上升能力.当加入的挥发份流体达到30vol.%时,受到质疑的密度问题将不复存在,矿浆具有快速上升到浅部地壳的能力.但是,如此富含挥发份的矿浆也不再是传统概念上的矿浆,而是含矿熔体-流体流.此外,由于流体超压等原因,含矿熔体-流体流利用先存的构造薄弱面快速上升,形成岩浆通道,并在有利的部位卸载成矿金属形成矿体.因此,矿体常常侵入切割围岩.  相似文献   

土壤重金属生物有效性研究进展   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

周国华 《物探与化探》2014,(6)

土壤重金属污染具有巨大环境风险。笔者围绕土壤重金属元素生物有效性(可给性)概念、元素形态与有效性影响因素、有效态(可给态)实验技术,综述了国内外研究现状。土壤金属元素形态和生物有效性取决于其地球化学行为、元素成因来源、土壤理化条件(p H值、有机质、粘土矿物与化学活性矿物、土壤粒级组成等)以及植物根际效应等。选择性单步提取和连续提取是检测土壤元素形态、有效态的有效和可行方法。针对手—口是土壤铅等污染物在儿童群体暴露的重要途径,发展了生物可给态体外试验方法。土壤污染物生物有效性和可给性已成为土壤污染风险评价的重要指标参数,实验成果也为土壤污染修复提供了重要依据。  相似文献   

华北地区某蔬菜基地土壤重金属污染特征及健康风险评价   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王兰化  李明明  张莺  马武明  崔凯鹏  王志强 《地球学报》2014,35(2):191-196

采用现场采样及室内测试方法对华北地区某蔬菜基地土壤重金属的含量进行了测定分析,利用污染指数法对土壤环境质量进行了评价,应用健康风险评价模型对研究区土壤重金属(Cd、Hg、Cu、Zn)在三种暴露途径下的健康风险作出评价。结果表明,该蔬菜基地土壤已受到重金属Cd、Hg、Cu不同程度的污染,但土壤重金属含量的平均值均未超过土壤环境质量二级标准。4种重金属在三种暴露途径下的非致癌风险大小顺序均为HgCuZnCd,非致癌风险均小于1,不会对人体造成明显的非致癌健康影响。三种暴露途径下的致癌风险均低于可以接受的水平10-6,表明Cd的致癌风险较低,不会对人体造成健康危害。  相似文献   

小秦岭金矿区土壤重金属生物有效性与影响因素   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张开军  魏迎春  徐友宁 《地质通报》2014,33(8):1182-1187

土壤中重金属生物有效性与影响因素分析是土壤重金属风险管控的关键问题。通过实地调查、现场采样、实验测试、综合分析等方法,分析了研究区100km2内Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Cu、Zn七种重金属元素的有效态含量特征,研究了这些重金属有效态含量之间、有效态含量与全量、有效态与土壤pH、有机质含量、粒度等基本理化参数之间的相关性,分析了重金属污染来源。结果表明,土壤中Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Cu、Zn七种重金属有效态的平均含量分别为2.29mg/kg、594mg/kg、2.52mg/kg、6.30mg/kg、2.16mg/kg、48.14mg/kg、50.21mg/kg,其变异系数大小为:HgPbCuZnCdAsCr。Hg的变异系数最大,是由于金矿选矿活动采用混汞法提金排放的尾矿堆(库)分布不均。Hg、Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn有效态量与全量之间均存在显著的相关性;土壤有机质与重金属有效态之间存在显著的相关性;土壤pH与有效态重金属之间存在显著的负相关性;土壤粒度对重金属有效态的累积影响不明显。  相似文献   

土壤中重金属有效态分析方法研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陶文靖  程丽娅  聂全新  黄勤  王金云 《安徽地质》2014,(4):300-303

土壤中重金属的不同形态决定了对于生物的有效性。自然界的重金属元素参与生态迁移能够被生物吸收利用的部分为生物有效态。土壤重金属可交换态的研究可以为其生物有效态研究提供参考。本文对于土壤中砷、汞、铬、镉、铅和铊的酸溶态、络合态和盐溶态这几种单一提取方式的可交换态的分析方法进行了研究比较,以其提取效率高的为有效态的表现方式,以p H值7.5为土壤酸碱度的界限,建立了土壤中的砷、汞、铬、镉、铅和铊在不同酸碱度下的分析方法。本方法的Cr的方法检出限为4.65ng/g;Cd的方法检出限为0.49ng/g;Pb的方法检出限为9.73ng/g;As的方法检出限为21.89ng/g;Hg的方法检出限为0.30ng/g;Tl的方法检出限为0.54ng/g。采用GBW7412,GBW7413,GBW7416这三个国家一级标准物质样品测得的方法精密度范围6.01%~19.3%。本方法适用于土地质量评估的要求。  相似文献   

铁矿区复垦土壤重金属含量变化趋势及其污染评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙超  李月芬  王冬艳  董会和  何洪君 《世界地质》2010,29(4):569-613

通过齐大山矿区不同复垦年限土壤重金属含量变化的趋势,应用内梅罗综合污染指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对土壤重金属污染状况进行了评价。结果表明:未复垦土壤重金属含量(除As外)均高于辽宁省背景值,随复垦年限的增加,矿山复垦土壤重金属含量多数呈先增加后减少的趋势。以国家《土壤环境质量标准》(GB15618-1995)为评价标准,Ni处于警戒级;Cd在未复垦地区处于警戒级,复垦后处于安全级;其他元素皆处于安全级。以辽宁省土壤背景值为标准,产生潜在生态危害的主要为Hg和Cd;Zn、Cu、Ni、Pb、Cr和As属轻微危害水平;复垦后总的潜在生态风险程度由中等变为轻微。  相似文献   

Historical record of heavy metal pollution deduced by lead isotope ratios in core sediments from the Osaka Bay,Japan     

Takahiro Hosono  Chih-Chieh Su  Kei Okamura  Makoto Taniguchi 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2010

Three marine sediment cores from Osaka Bay were analyzed for ²¹⁰Pb geochronology, heavy metal concentrations (Zn, Cu, and Pb) and stable lead isotope ratios (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb) in order to reconstruct high-resolution heavy metal pollution history from 1900–2006. Anthropogenic metal accumulation in sediments peaked in 1970 in agreement with the high economic growth period in Japan. The comparison of temporal patterns of ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb ratio with other areas of Japan suggested that the heavy metals, imported from several different countries during the periods of economic growth (1955 to 1973), are the main pollution source for the country. For the period 1970–2006, the sediment data reflect the result of stricter environmental regulations applied after the late 1960s. However, heavy metal concentrations in the surface sediments are still elevated to levels several times higher than the levels at the bottoms of the cores. Additionally, the lead isotope ratio does not show significant change after the 1980s. Secondary heavy metal pollution through the mixing of deeper polluted sediment appears to be the likely reason for the deterioration of present time submarine sediment environments. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that it is difficult to recover over a period of several years the benthic quality of a bay, once it is heavily polluted.  相似文献   

Seasonal survey of copper-complexing ligands and thiol compounds in a heavily utilized, urban estuary: Elizabeth River, Virginia   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Christina L. Dryden  Andrew S. Gordon  John R. Donat   《Marine Chemistry》2007,103(3-4):276-288

Concentrations of thiol compounds, copper-complexing ligands, and total dissolved copper were followed over the course of 1 year (October 2002 until September 2003) in the Elizabeth River, Virginia to evaluate seasonality. Copper-complexing ligand concentrations were determined by competitive ligand equilibration-adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (CLE/ACSV). Thiol detection was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and calibration using a suite of nine thiol compounds (cysteine, glutathione, mercaptoacetic acid, 2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid, 2-mercaptoethanol, 2-mercaptopropionic acid, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, mercaptosuccinic acid, and monothioglycerol). Total dissolved copper concentrations reached a January low of 13.1 nM to a June high of 24.7 nM and were found to vary seasonally with higher concentrations occurring from June to September. With a low of 26 nM during April to a high of 56 nM in October, copper-complexing ligand (average log K′_CuL of 12.0 ± 0.2) concentrations displayed a similar seasonal pattern to that of total dissolved copper. Free cupric ion concentrations remained below 1.5 pM for a majority of the year except during March, April, and December when values reached pM levels greater than 1.5. Six of the nine thiol compounds surveyed were detected in the Elizabeth River samples and ranged in concentration from below detectable concentrations (< 5 nM) to individual highs ranging from 25.3 to168.5 nM. The thiol compound concentrations displayed a clear seasonality fluctuating at below detection limits during November to February then increasing with increasing surface water temperatures from March to July. CLE/ACSV was used to assess whether or not the suite of thiol compounds detected by HPLC could contribute to the copper-complexing ligand pool. Conditional stability constants for each one of six thiol standards (average log K′_CuL  12.1 ± 0.5) were found to be statistically equivalent to the naturally occurring copper-complexing ligands (average log K′_CuL  12.0 ± 0.2). This suggests that these thiol compounds could act as copper-complexing ligands in natural samples and could contribute to the copper-complexing ligand pool detected by CLE/ACSV. This study involving seasonality of copper-complexing ligands and thiols in an industrialized, urban estuary underscored several points that have to be substantiated in future research efforts including copper-complexing ligands sources and the role that thiol compounds as well as other unidentified organic compounds play in the copper-complexing ligand pool.  相似文献