江淮入梅前后气象因子变化特征及预报着眼点探析     

刘梅  韩桂荣  张备  胡洛林  孙泓川 《气象科学》2014,34(2):222-228

针对2010年江淮地区入梅日预报偏差情况,利用2010年6—7月高低空实况资料和NCEP再分析资料,分析了入梅前后湿度、经向风、地转西风急流的变化特征,并结合1985—2005年21 a历史平均状况和近几年的变化特征,分析了江淮地区入梅前后气象因子变化的规律性、普遍性,丰富了江淮地区入梅预报着眼点。研究发现:有些年份地转西风急流从30°N以南北跳到30~37.5°N区域,对江淮地区进入梅雨期有很好的预示作用,且其稳定维持,有利于江淮梅雨期降水的持续。70%湿度区北跳到30°N的时间及持续时间对江淮地区入梅日的预报和梅雨期长度有着较好的指示作用。在30~35°N区域内v850 hPa-v200 hPa风速差值的突然增大和江淮地区入梅有着较好对应关系。这为梅雨的预报提供了新的思路和方法。  相似文献   

南黄海盆地南五凹阜宁组“广湖咸水”烃源岩及其油气勘探意义     

刘志峰  王鹏  蔡佳  印斌浩  崔敏  黄卫  王欣  沈娇 《海洋地质前沿》2014,30(5):32-40

通过对南五凹钻井所揭示的阜宁组进行岩性、地球化学、古生物及地震相等综合分析证实,南五凹阜宁组发育中深湖相泥质烃源岩,且该套烃源岩形成于"广湖咸水"沉积环境。"广湖"即湖盆分布广泛,中深湖相泥质烃源岩在凹陷深洼处和缓坡带均有发育,平面上面积大,纵向上厚度大,具备生成油气的物质基础。"咸水"即烃源岩形成时期湖盆受到了海侵影响,致使水体性质偏咸。南五凹与中国东部古新世—始新世期间曾遭受海侵影响的其他湖盆类似,其形成的咸化烃源岩具有"排烃早"的特征。南五凹阜宁组湖相烃源岩"广湖咸水"沉积特征对于油气勘探具有重要意义。  相似文献   

人影高炮作业数据采集器的移动电源设计     

龙兴波  樊昌元  黄敏 《成都信息工程学院学报》2014,(2):179-185

高炮作业是人工影响天气的日常工作,其作业数据的采集与收集尤为重要。高炮作业数据采集器是实现作业数据的采集与存储,一般采用锂电池供电。针对锂电池容量低而无法满足采集器的长时间使用,常在高炮作业的关键时刻电量不足影响高炮作业顺利进行的问题,设计了一种人影高炮作业数据采集器的专用移动电源。该专用移动电源由充放电保护电路、电芯、电芯容量指示电路、DC-DC升压电路、及CN3703充电管理电路等部分组成。经过最终测试,该设计符合实际使用要求、成本低、性能稳定,具有较强的工程应用价值。  相似文献   

1961-2010年辽宁省高温日数和高温热浪特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵梓淇  李丽光  王宏博  赵先丽  万志红  董国平  吴晓鸣  房一禾 《气象与环境学报》2014,30(5):57-61

利用1961-2010年辽宁省52个气象站日最高气温资料,分析辽宁地区高温日数及热浪的分布特征和变化趋势,结果表明：辽宁省区域年平均高温日数为7.72 d/ a。辽宁高温日数呈东少西多的空间分布,沿海地区较少甚至部分地区无高温情况出现。高温日出现最多的朝阳站,为26.48 d/ a。从20世纪60年代开始,高温日数呈缓慢增加趋势,其中2000年为有气象记录以来高温日最多的年份。热浪也呈东少西多的分布特征,热浪最多的朝阳站发生频次为2.90次/ a。辽宁省以持续3-5 d的轻度热浪为主,占86.27 %,中度热浪占12.58 %,超过10 d的重度热浪占1.14 %,仅有喀左、北票和羊山地区发生过持续10 d以上的重度热浪。  相似文献   

1961-2012年夏季南亚高压与云南地区降水的关系     

郭志荣  李慧敏  赏益  董丽娜  彭丽霞 《气象与环境学报》2014,30(6):68-74

基于1961-2012年NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料和云南地区124个观测站月降水资料,利用相关分析法分析夏季南亚高压与云南地区降水的关系。结果表明：1961-2012年夏季滇西南地区降水与南亚高压主中心经度呈较显著负相关,滇南地区降水与南亚高压面积呈较显著负相关;6月滇西北和滇南地区降水与南亚高压脊线位置、高压主中心纬度呈显著正相关,滇西南地区降水与南亚高压主中心强度呈显著正相关,而与南亚高压主中心经度呈显著负相关,滇中地区降水与南亚高压主中心纬度呈显著正相关;7月滇西南、滇西北的西南部和滇西的北部地区降水与南亚高压脊线位置呈较显著正相关,滇西地区降水与南亚高压主中心强度呈较显著负相关,滇中和滇东地区降水与南亚高压主中心经度呈较显著负相关;8月滇西南、滇中、滇南和滇东地区降水与南亚高压面积呈显著负相关。  相似文献   

Recent Change of the South Asian High   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

YANG Kai-Qing  JIANG Da-Bang 《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(4):330-333

This paper investigates the variability of the summer （May-September） South Asian Iligh （SAIl） for the period 1979-2012. Results show that the intensity and the area of the summer SAH decreased around 2002 at the decadal scale; and the East Asian westerly jet suppressed at the north edge of the SAH, which is consistent with the SAH variation. The precipitation pattern over eastern China also shifted during the same periods, with increased rainfall in the Huang-Huai River region and South China and decreased rainfall in the Yangtze River region. The relationship between the two variations is evidently strengthened via changes in moisture flux.  相似文献   

Can existing institutions protect biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction? Experiences from two on-going processes     

《Marine Policy》2014

United Nations discussions on the governance of marine areas beyond national jurisdiction have questioned, but not yet reached a decision, on whether existing institutional agreements and structures are sufficient to meet global commitments to protect marine biodiversity, or if additional mechanisms may be required. This paper considers two very different efforts to protect marine biodiversity in these areas: (1) in the North-East Atlantic through the efforts of OSPAR Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic; and (2) in the central Atlantic, through the efforts of the Sargasso Sea Alliance led by the Bermuda government. In each case, action has been strongly supported by non-governmental organisations and subsequent progress has hinged upon on-going dedicated efforts of “champion” governments to bring other States on board. This paper outlines the difficulties that they have faced, and consequently why they have been time-consuming, and are not yet completed. The paper then considers 10 common recommendations that can be drawn from the experiences of these two distinct initiatives, and their relevance to on-going UN deliberations.  相似文献   

A multi-index learning approach for classification of high-resolution remotely sensed images over urban areas     

《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2014

In recent years, it has been widely agreed that spatial features derived from textural, structural, and object-based methods are important information sources to complement spectral properties for accurate urban classification of high-resolution imagery. However, the spatial features always refer to a series of parameters, such as scales, directions, and statistical measures, leading to high-dimensional feature space. The high-dimensional space is almost impractical to deal with considering the huge storage and computational cost while processing high-resolution images. To this aim, we propose a novel multi-index learning (MIL) method, where a set of low-dimensional information indices is used to represent the complex geospatial scenes in high-resolution images. Specifically, two categories of indices are proposed in the study: (1) Primitive indices (PI): High-resolution urban scenes are represented using a group of primitives (e.g., building/shadow/vegetation) that are calculated automatically and rapidly; (2) Variation indices (VI): A couple of spectral and spatial variation indices are proposed based on the 3D wavelet transformation in order to describe the local variation in the joint spectral-spatial domains. In this way, urban landscapes can be decomposed into a set of low-dimensional and semantic indices replacing the high-dimensional but low-level features (e.g., textures). The information indices are then learned via the multi-kernel support vector machines. The proposed MIL method is evaluated using various high-resolution images including GeoEye-1, QuickBird, WorldView-2, and ZY-3, as well as an elaborate comparison to the state-of-the-art image classification algorithms such as object-based analysis, and spectral-spatial approaches based on textural and morphological features. It is revealed that the MIL method is able to achieve promising results with a low-dimensional feature space, and, provide a practical strategy for processing large-scale high-resolution images.  相似文献   

Spectral monitoring of moorland plant phenology to identify a temporal window for hyperspectral remote sensing of peatland     

《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2014

Recognising the importance of the timing of image acquisition on the spectral response in remote sensing of vegetated ecosystems is essential. This study used full wavelength, 350–2500 nm, field spectroscopy to establish a spectral library of phenological change for key moorland species, and to investigate suitable temporal windows for monitoring upland peatland systems. Spectral responses over two consecutive growing seasons were recorded at single species plots for key moorland species and species sown to restore eroding peat. This was related to phenological change using narrowband vegetation indices (Red Edge Position, Photochemical Reflectance Index, Plant Senescence Reflection Index and Cellulose Absorption Index); that capture green-up and senescence related changes in absorption features in the visible to near infrared and the shortwave infrared. The selection of indices was confirmed by identifying the regions of maximum variation in the captured reflectance across the full spectrum. The indices show change in the degree of variation between species occurring from April to September, measured for plant functional types. A discriminant function analysis between indices and plant functional types determines how well each index was able to differentiate between the plant functional groups for each month. It identifies April and July as the two months where the species are most separable. What is presented here is not one single recommendation for the optimal temporal window for operational monitoring, but a fuller understanding of how the spectral response changes with the phenological cycle, including recommendations for what indices are important throughout the year.  相似文献   

高动态宽带信号码跟踪方法仿真分析     

田晓敏  王可东 《全球定位系统》2014,(6):29-32

针对高动态场景,单独的码环路很难实现跟踪,由于高动态载波跟踪的算法很成熟,通常应用载波跟踪结果对码环路进行辅助,针对窄体制信号,这种方法可以帮助消除码环的动态误差,但对宽体制信号来说,辅助力度减小。从高动态宽带信号码跟踪误差门限以及跟踪精度入手,分析了单独码跟踪算法的易失锁性,理论和仿真验证应用高动态载波跟踪结果辅助码跟踪算法的有效性,且具有高的跟踪精度。这为导航接收机的跟踪算法提供了理论依据。  相似文献