Quantitative interpretations and assessments of a fractured gas hydrate reservoir using three-dimensional seismic and LWD data in Kutei basin,East Kalimantan,offshore Indonesia     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

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The economic contribution of the muck dive industry to tourism in Southeast Asia     

《Marine Policy》2017

Scuba diving tourism has the potential to be a sustainable source of income for developing countries. Around the world, tourists pay significant amounts of money to see coral reefs or iconic, large animals such as sharks and manta rays. Scuba diving tourism is broadening and becoming increasingly popular, a novel type of scuba diving which little is known about, is muck diving. Muck diving focuses on finding rare, cryptic species that are seldom seen on coral reefs. This study investigates the value of muck diving, its participant and employee demographics and potential threats to the industry. Results indicate that muck dive tourism is worth more than USD$ 150 million annually in Indonesia and the Philippines combined. It employs over 2200 people and attracts more than 100,000 divers per year. Divers participating in muck dive tourism are experienced, well-educated, have high incomes, and are willing to pay for the protection of species crucial to the industry. Overcrowding of dive sites, pollution and conflicts with fishermen are reported as potential threats to the industry, but limited knowledge on these impacts warrants further research. This study shows that muck dive tourism is a sustainable form of nature based tourism in developing countries, particularly in areas where little or no potential for traditional coral reef scuba diving exists.  相似文献   

Encountering a multidimensional assemblage: The case of Norwegian corporate social responsibility activities in Indonesia     

《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(5):282-290

A vociferous debate on socio-spatial formations is ongoing between those advocating a geography of scales and those advocating flat ontologies and assemblages, yet a middle ground has not been properly addressed. The author argues for an empirically driven, multidimensional assemblage approach whereby the processes constituting an assemblage and the different socio-spatial organisation of heterogeneous entities form the analytical basis for geographical analyses of particular empirical events. He shows how Norwegian companies in Indonesia encounter different stakeholders constituting a multidimensional (situated, scaled, and networked) ‘assemblage of national interests’ with multitudinous motivations and drivers but quite specific converged influence. He examines the territorialising forces employed during such encounters, the de-territorialising forces challenging the assemblage, and how the evolution of the ‘assemblage of national interests’ resulted in 2012 in the world's first law on corporate social responsibility (CSR), which has more or less forced Norwegian companies to make social investments in local communities within a CRS framing. The findings are that assemblages are scaled and networked, but also uncoordinated and ‘chaotic’. Norwegian companies in Indonesia are subject to a joint but dispersed, multidimensional assemblage of national interest, where stakeholders on different scales, with multiple motivations, mobilise to persuade them to run social investment programmes.  相似文献   

Implementing a national environmental policy: Understanding the ‘success’ of the 1989–1999 integrated pest management programme in Indonesia     

Budy P. Resosudarmo 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2012,33(3):365-380

The fact that most environmental degradation occurs in developing countries suggests the difficulties in implementing and sustaining environmental policies. In the current era of heightened environmental awareness and publicity for the impacts of climate change, where all countries are expected to take action, cases of ‘successful’ implementations of environmental policy in a developing country are instructive. This paper provides an overview of why and how the 1989–1999 national integrated pest management programme worked in Indonesia – before being terminated in the wake of the Asian financial crisis. It is seen that environmental programmes cannot be sustained without strong national political endorsement, focussed local research linked to international support, appropriate policy implementation mechanisms and demonstrated and direct benefits for local participants and communities.  相似文献   

Mineralogy, Lithogeochemistry and Elemental Mass Balance of the Hydrothermal Alteration Associated with the Gold-rich Batu Hijau Porphyry Copper Deposit, Sumbawa Island, Indonesia     

Arifudin Idrus  Jochen Kolb    F. Michael Meyer 《Resource Geology》2009,59(3):215-230

This paper discusses the mineralogy, whole-rock geochemistry and elemental mass balance of the hydrothermal alteration zones within the Batu Hijau porphyry copper-gold deposit, Sumbawa Island, Indonesia. The hydrothermal alteration and mineralisation developed in four stages, namely (i) the early stage consisting of a central copper-gold-bearing biotite (potassic), proximal actinolite (inner propylitic) and the distal chlorite-epidote (outer propylitic) zones; (ii) the transitional stage represented by the chlorite-sericite (intermediate argillic) zone; (iii) the late stages distinguished into the sericite-paragonite (argillic) and pyrophyllite-andalusite (advanced argillic) zones; and (iv) the very late stage typified by the illite-sericite zone. In general, major elements (particularly Ca, Mg, Na and K) and some minor and rare earth elements decrease from the least altered rocks towards the late alteration zones as a consequence of the breakdown of Ca-bearing hornblende, biotite and plagioclase. Chemical discrimination by means of millicationic R₁-R₂ diagram indicates that R1 [4Si − 11(Na + K) − 2(Fe + Ti)] increases while R₂[6Ca + 2Mg + Al] decreases with increasing alteration intensity, from least-altered, through early, transitional, to late alteration zones. Rare earth elements-chondrite (C₁) normalised patterns also exhibit the depletion of the elements through the subsequent alteration zones. These results are consistent with the elemental mass balance calculation using the isocon method which shows that the degree of mass and volume depletion systematically increases during alteration. A decrease of the elements as well as mass and volume from early, through transitional to late alteration stages may imply a general decrease of the element activities in hydrothermal fluids during the formation of the alteration zones.  相似文献   

The large-scale landslide on the flank of caldera in South Sulawesi, Indonesia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Satoshi Tsuchiya  K. Sasahara  S. Shuin  S. Ozono 《Landslides》2009,6(1):83-88

An extraordinarily large-scale landslide with a volume of about 200 million m³, a width of about 1,600 m, and a height of about 750 m occurred on 2004 March 26, 13:45 local time, on a steep caldera wall on the northwest flank of Mt. Bawakaraeng (2,830 m) at the headwater of the Jeneberang River in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The debris avalanche extended about 7 km from the headwater and buried the river valley, causing devastating damage. There are a great many calderas in the world, notably Japan. If a large-scale sector collapse were to occur in a heavily populated area, it would be a devastating disaster for the people living in the area. The aim of this paper is to outline such a landslide and explain its mechanism of occurrence. We evaluated the stability of the original slope before the landslide using the limit equilibrium method and the finite-element-based shear strength reduction method (SSRFEM) with the strength reduction factor. The limit equilibrium method showed that a rise in the groundwater level caused the landslide. Although the critical slip surface predicted by the SSRFEM was shallower than that of the actual slip surface, the end positions of the actual and predicted slip surfaces were almost the same. Moreover, the end position of the critical slip surface before the landslide—the headwater of the Jeneberang River—was a knick point at which the slope inclination became steeper. SSRFEM analysis may be useful for evaluating the slope stability of large-scale landslides, because the critical slip surface predicted by it was close to the actual surface, even though we assumed homogenous conditions without information on the degree of weathering or ground properties. As the knick point formed at the end of the critical slip surface and is equivalent to the end of the actual slip surface, we assume such topographic features to be a primary geomorphologic cause of the landslide.  相似文献   

Resisting coal: Hydrocarbon politics and assemblages of protest in the UK and Indonesia     

《Geoforum》2017

This article examines the social and material politics of coal, focusing on mobilizations against opencast mining in the United Kingdom and Indonesia. Contested spaces and practices elicited by coal extraction provide important openings through which to understand how ‘hydrocarbon modernity’ is experienced and entangled with different processes of neoliberal capitalism. We investigate resistance against coal at Ffos-y-Fran in South Wales and the IndoMet project in the Indonesian province of Central Kalimantan, exploring how assemblages of protest have challenged the material effects, discursive practices and regimes of accumulation attendant within the coal industry. In both countries, campaigns seeking to ‘end coal’ have built dynamic geographical alliances, and as collective challenges to mining activities have unfolded, we consider how movements targeting specific sites of extraction have sought to disrupt the industry’s 'dis-embedding' of coal from the landscape. Drawing on accounts of how hydrocarbon politics shape societies, the approach we present draws attention to changing linkages between economic, environmental and social advocacy while illuminating the varied ways in which coal mining can compound and perpetuate inequality.  相似文献   

Explaining State‐Environmental NGO Relations in the Philippines and Indonesia     

Raymond L. Bryant 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2001,22(1):15-37

This paper explains how the notion of “critical engagement” has been a popular basis for NGO‐state relations in the Philippines and Indonesia. It has been used, moreover, in both liberal democratic (post‐1985 Philippines) and authoritarian (late 1960s to late 1990s Indonesia) political regimes. For both states and reform‐minded NGOs, critical engagement has represented a flexible means by which to pursue assorted political, economic and social ends. In a context of regional political and economic upheaval, it is likely to remain popular with both states and many NGOs for the foreseeable future.  相似文献   

From City to City: Tan Malaka, Shanghai and the Politics of Geographical Imagining     

Abidin Kusno 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2003,24(3):327-339

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Sulfur and chlorine degassing from primitive arc magmas: temporal changes during the 1982–1983 eruptions of Galunggung (West Java, Indonesia)     

J. C. M. de Hoog  G. W. Koetsier  S. Bronto  T. Sriwana  M. J. van Bergen   《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2001,108(1-4)

The 1982–1983 eruptions of Galunggung represent a nine-month period of intermittent volcanic activity with significant changes in explosivity and emission of volatiles. Eruptions started with Vulcanian explosions but changed gradually to Strombolian activity. Compositions of juvenile material changed from basaltic andesite to high-Mg basalt, which are among the most primitive rock types known in the Indonesian arc system. Although bulk compositions suggest a single evolution trend, we infer from the compositions of melt inclusions in olivine phenocrysts that the magmas represent derivatives of a complex spectrum of primary melts. Primitive inclusions in olivine phenocrysts from magma erupted during the Strombolian phase contain up to 2000 ppm sulfur, but concentrations decrease rapidly with increasing SiO₂ down to matrix glass values (50–100 ppm). ‘Vulcanian’ inclusions appear to be degassed before eruption (200 ppm S). Chlorine concentrations increase from 750 to 2200 ppm in Strombolian, and from 800 to 1500 in Vulcanian magmas, whereas matrix glass contains about 1000 ppm in both cases. Ash leachates show two cycles of decreasing S/Cl ratios: from 9.7 to 5.6 at the start of the activity, and from 12.2 to 2.0 after four months. As the second cycle follows upon increased seismic activity at shallow depth, it probably reflects degassing of fresh sulfur-rich magma arriving in the shallow Galunggung reservoir. In contrast to the degassed state of Vulcanian magma, the significant amounts of adsorbed sulfur on the ashes point to an excess source of sulfur, which was most likely derived from intruding Strombolian magma. Hence, the observed sulfur flux of 2 Mt is not in accordance with a petrologic estimate of 0.09 Mt. Using a published value of 550 Mt of erupted material about 0.34 km³ fresh undegassed magma is needed to account for the observed sulfur flux. This is close to the erupted volume of Vulcanian magma (0.26 km³), which presumably was replaced completely by Strombolian magma during the eruption. Using the petrologic method, we calculate a total release of 0.3 Mt chlorine, which agrees well with an output of 0.47 Mt estimated independently from S/Cl ratios of the ash leachates and TOMS sulfur yields. Ash leachates show that about 35% of the sulfur and 30% of the chlorine was scavenged from the eruption plumes. Our results suggest that sulfur and chlorine were largely decoupled during degassing, which resulted in considerable variations in S/Cl ratios during the Galunggung eruptions. We infer that sulfur degassing reflects the arrival of fresh magma at shallow depth, whereas chlorine is largely derived from simultaneously erupted material. As a consequence, the petrologic estimates are more consistent with observed emissions for chlorine than for sulfur.  相似文献