Hydrogeological and geochemical study of the springs in San Severino Lucano territory (Southern Italy)     

M. Maggiore  F. Santaloia  F. Vurro 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(1):33-40

A hydrogeological and geochemical study is presented for the San Severino Lucano region of southern Italy. In this region, groundwater circulation occurs in rocks lithologically different from one another (metaophiolites, carbonate rocks, etc.). Many springs drain this region. The Frido springs are the most important both for their great volume of flow and for their water quality. A water balance estimated for the recharge area of the Frido springs suggests that during the period 1938–1958 the evapotranspiration represents 54.8 percent, runoff 21.2 percent, and infiltration to groundwater 34 percent of rainfall. The springs studied have a meteoric origin and their waters are mostly acid carbonate-alkaline earth type. The reservoir rocks appear to be the only discriminating factors for the chemical composition of the waters analysed.  相似文献   

On intermediate-term earthquake prediction in central Italy     

V. I. Keilis-borok  I. V. Kuznetsov  G. F. Panza  I. M. Rotwain  G. Costa 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1990,134(1):79-92

The Time of Increased Probability (TIP) for the occurrence of a strong earthquake is determined in Central Italy. This is done with an algorithm that has been successfully applied in other regions of the world (algorithm CN, from the initials of California and Nevada, where the first diagnoses of TIPs were made). The use of normalized functions allows direct application of the orginal algorithm to the new region being studied, without anyad hoc adjustment of the parameters.Retrospective analysis carried on until 1986 shows that TIPs occupy 26 percent of the total time considered and precede four out of five strong earthquakes. Forward monitoring indicates the possible existence of a TIP started in May 1988.Several tests indicate that the results obtained are quite stable, even when using catalogues from different agencies. Apart from obvious practical interest, this research is essential for the worldwide investigation of self-similarity in the origin of strong earthquakes.  相似文献   

Drainage integration and sediment dispersal in active continental rifts: A numerical modelling study of the central Italian Apennines     

《Basin Research》2018,30(5):965-989

Progressive integration of drainage networks during active crustal extension is observed in continental areas around the globe. This phenomenon is often explained in terms of headward erosion, controlled by the distance to an external base‐level (e.g. the coast). However, conclusive field evidence for the mechanism(s) driving integration is commonly absent as drainage integration events are generally followed by strong erosion. Based on a numerical modelling study of the actively extending central Italian Apennines, we show that overspill mechanisms (basin overfilling and lake overspill) are more likely mechanisms for driving drainage integration in extensional settings and that the balance between sediment supply vs. accommodation creation in fault‐bounded basins is of key importance. In this area drainage integration is evidenced by lake disappearance since the early Pleistocene and the transition from internal (endorheic) to external drainage, i.e. connected to the coast. Using field observations from the central Apennines, we constrain normal faulting and regional surface uplift within the surface process model CASCADE (Braun & Sambridge, 1997, Basin Research, 9, 27) and demonstrate the phenomenon of drainage integration, showing how it leads to the gradual disappearance of lakes and the transition to an interconnected fluvial transport system over time. Our model results show that, in the central Apennines, the relief generated through both regional uplift and fault‐block uplift produces sufficient sediment to fill the extensional basins, enabling overspill and individual basins to eventually become fluvially connected. We discuss field observations that support our findings and throw new light upon previously published interpretations of landscape evolution in this area. We also evaluate the implications of drainage integration for topographic development, regional sediment dispersal and offshore sediment supply. Finally, we discuss the applicability of our results to other continental rifts (including those where regional uplift is absent) and the importance of drainage integration for transient landscape evolution.  相似文献   

Integrated geophysical and geomorphological approach to investigate the snowmelt-triggered landslide of Bosco Piccolo village (Basilicata, southern Italy)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

V. Naudet  M. Lazzari  A. Perrone  A. Loperte  S. Piscitelli  V. Lapenna 《Engineering Geology》2008,98(3-4):156-167

Most of Basilicata region in the southern Italian Apennines is characterized by landslides often developing in clayey–marly formations. Many events have been triggered by extreme rainfall or snowmelt. The most important happened (on February–March 2005) at Bosco Piccolo 5 km far from Potenza. This landslide developed subsequently to rapid snowmelt occurred during alternating short periods of high temperatures and intense and continuous snowfalls. This complex landslide affected 4 ha of surface and reached a maximum depth of 20 m inducing damage and collapse of about 80% of the buildings in the village. An integrated multidisciplinary approach has been adopted to study the landslide. A multitemporal aerial photo interpretation and detailed geomorphological surveys have been carried out. Combined Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Self-Potential (SP) measurements have been performed and calibrated with boreholes stratigraphy. Such an integrated approach allowed us to partially reconstruct the geometry of the investigated body and to evaluate the effectiveness of drainage system planned for the area.  相似文献   

Geochemistry of lamprophyres from the Western Alps,Italy: implications for the origin of an enriched isotopic component in the Italian mantle   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Jennifer Paige Owen 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2008,155(3):341-362

Cenozoic lamprophyres (minettes, spessartites, kersantite) from the Western Alps, northern Italy, represent small volume, mafic melts with high Mg#s and high Ni and Cr contents. All the lamprophyres show light REE enrichment, high incompatible element contents, and Ta, Ti and Nb troughs on chondrite-normalized diagrams. Age-corrected ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr isotopic ratios (assuming t = 30 Ma) are highly variable and range from 0.70590 to 0.71884; ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios range from 0.51203 to 0.51242. Pb isotopic ratios are: ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.669–18.895, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.605–15.689 and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 38.224–39.134. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios show a negative correlation with ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, and a positive correlation with K, Ba, and Rb as well as with Ti, Th, Ta, Nb and Zr abundances. The primitive nature of the lamprophyres, coupled with their enriched incompatible trace element and isotopic signatures, suggest derivation from a metasomatized upper mantle source. Linear arrays in isotope space and elemental data plots suggest mixing between two distinct end-members in the Italian mantle; an enriched end-member that is isotopically similar to pelagic sediments, and a significantly less enriched end-member that approaches Bulk Earth values. New isotopic data indicate that the mantle source(s) of the lamprophyres from the Western Alps contain a very high proportion of the enriched end-member. The geochemical signature of the enriched end-member is attributed to fluids or melts derived from pelagic sediments subducted during the closure of the Tethyan Ocean in the late Cretaceous to early Tertiary.  相似文献   

The role of land use and environmental factors on microbial pollution of mountainous limestone aquifers   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

V. Allocca  F. Celico  E. Petrella  G. Marzullo  G. Naclerio 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(2):277-283

Limestone aquifers in Southern Italy are often affected by bacterial contamination produced by pasture and agriculture. The main goals of this study were (1) to analyze the role of land use and environmental factors on microbial contamination and, (2) to identify, at field scale, the most suitable indicator of fecal pollution, by comparing fecal coliforms and fecal enterococci. Analyzing surface and spring water, it was noted that both fecal indicators showed a significant decrease during the period characterized by freezing and/or freeze-thaw intervals. The data analysis shows that fecal coliforms are characterized by a significant decrease in population (3 orders of magnitude, at least) during the freezing period, while fecal enterococci are temporarily inhibited. A taxonomic classification of fecal enterococci detected in spring water samples was performed by the API 20 Strep system and by sequencing of the ribosomal 16S DNA genes. The results showed that freezing conditions did not cause any significant change on the set of enterococcal species.  相似文献   

Role of slumped beds in the genesis and evolution of huge hypogean rooms: an example in the Valle del Nosê (Como,Northern Italy)     

Paola Tognini 《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(5):335-343

Abstract

During a detailed structural analysis of the cave systems of the Valle del Nosê (Como, Northern Italy), a systematic occurrence of thick (metric to decametric) slumped beds in several huge rooms and in other wide underground voids was observed. The systematic control, that these structures exert on the morphologies of the karst systems, suggests that slumped beds might play a major role in the genesis and evolution of large underground voids. In fact, thanks to their very high permeability, these beds seem to be able to act as the preferential way for water flowing in the very first phases of karst development, thus guiding cave development, while their mechanical properties, different from those of unslumped beds, make them prone to break down collapse, thus increasing the possibilities of the formation of huge rooms. On the basis of the observed field data, a genetic and evolutive model is therefore suggested to explain the origin of the largest voids in this area. This model has by now a strictly local effectiveness. © 2000 Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS  相似文献   

Book Reviews     

《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):567-590

Books reviewed in this article:

Aerial Photography and Remote Sensing Aerial photography and image interpretation for Resource Management. DAVIDP. PAINE.

Analytical Models and Techniques Spatial Processes Models and ApplicationsA. D. CLIFFAND J. K. ORD

Quantitative and Statistical Approaches to Geography: A Practical ManualJOHNA. MATTHEWS.

Cartography and Maps Map Data Processing. HERBERTFREEMANAND GOFFREDOG. PIERONI, eds.

Computer-assisted Cartography: Principles and Prospects, 1982. MARKS. MONMONIER.

Cultural Navajo Architecture: Forms, History, Distributions. STEPHENC. JETTAND VIRGINIAE . SPENCER.

Rational Landscapes and Humanistic Geography. EDWARDRELPH.

Economic The Structure and Control of a State Economy. W. L. L'ESPERANCE.

Economic Geography. JAMES O. WHEELER AND PETER O. MULLER.

The Myth of the Family Farm: Agribusiness Dominance of U.S. Agriculture. INGOLF VOCELER.

Libya: The Experience of Oil. J. A. ALLEN.

Geography of Public Finance, Welfare Under Fiscal Federalism and local Government Finance. ROBERT BENNETT.

Environmental Management, Resources, and Systems Mountains and Man. LARRY W. PRICE.

Environmental Geology. DONALD R. COATES.

An Introduction to Environmental Systems. G. H. DURY.

The Environment: Chinese and American Views. Edited by LAURENCE J. C. MAAND ALLEN G. NOBLE.

Land Use in America. RICHARD H. JACKSON.

Medical Conceptual and Methodological Issues in Medical Geography. MELINDA S. MEADE (ed.).

Philosophy and Geographic Thought Birds in Egg/Eggs in Bird. GUNNAR OLSSON.

PhysicaI Climatology: Selected Applications. J. E. OLIVER.

Geomorphological Techniques. ANDREW GOUDIE (ed.).

Political Politics, Geography and Behaviour. RICHARD MUIR AND RONAN PADDISON.

The State of the World Atlas. MICHAEL KIDRON AND RONALD SECAL.

Population The Population of the South. DUDLEY L. POSTON, JR. AND ROBERT H. WELLER, eds.

Regional Latin America: Economic Development and Regional Differentiation. ARTHUR MORRIS.

Developing the Amazon. EMILIO F. MORAN.

Western Europe: A Systematic Human Geography. BRIAN W. ILBERY.

Settlement Systems in Sparsely Settled Regions: The United States and Australia. RICHARD E. LONSDALEAND JOHN H. HOLMES, eds.

African Perspectives: The Economic Geography of Nine African States. HARMDEBUJAND ESMOND MARTIN, eds.

Rural Nonmetropolitan America in Transition. AMOS H. HAWLEYAND SARA MILLS MAZIE, eds.

Social Crime and Environment. R. NORMAN DAVIDSON.

The Ghetto: Readings with Interpretations. JOE T. DARDEN, ed.

Urban Urban Problems and Planning in the Developed World. MICHAEL PACIONE (ed.)

Problems and Planning in Third World Cities. Edited by MICHAEL PACIONE.

The City in West Europe. D. BURTENSHAW, M. BATEMAN, AND C. J. ASHWORTH.  相似文献   

The use of Landsat imagery to assess large-scale forest cover changes in space and time,minimizing false-positive changes     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2013

A new approach, based on the application of multi-spectral remote sensing data of Landsat imagery, is introduced to determine large-scale spatiotemporal variations of forest cover changes quantitatively and with a high degree of precision. The test area covers about 837,330.5 ha of a mountainous region in Central Italy. The approach employs several multi-temporal Landsat acquisitions to account for forest cover changes larger than 0.5 ha for the period from March 2002 to July 2011. In contrast to automated approaches that strongly curtail mapping time, the approach introduced here allowed us to map only the real forest cover change, based on a robust validation and rectification of the detected forest change. Derived high spatial resolution data of forest change estimates indicate that about 5.7% (47,670.5 ha) of the observed forest area was subject to human-induced change between 2002 and 2011. Moreover, the detected forest cover changes, most of which are identifiable as timber harvesting, are considerably larger than those reported in the official statistics and often fall within the perimeter of restricted areas (i.e., national parks and natural reserves).  相似文献   

The 1627 Gargano earthquake (Southern Italy): Identification and characterization of the causative fault   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

E. Patacca  P. Scandone 《Journal of Seismology》2004,8(2):259-273

We present the results of a study of the subsurface tectonic features of the Basso Molise, Western Gargano and Northern Capitanata regions (Southern Italy) aimed at the identification of the source of the disastrous 1627 Gargano earthquake. In the maximum-damage area of this earthquake we have recognised a normal fault, here called the Apricena Fault, which has been identified as the fault that caused the seismic event. The Apricena Fault, striking WNW-ESE and dipping towards SSW, extends in the subsurface for about 30 kilometres from Serracapriola to Santa Maria di Stignano cutting through the whole Quaternary sequence. Other important tectonic structures trending WNW-ESE recognized in the area belong to an inactive Pleistocene strike-slip-fault system that is linked to the Mattinata Fault and to its offshore continuation in the Gondola-Grifone structural high. The Mattinata Fault and the Gondola-Grifone High form a quite complex structural feature whose kinematic behaviour is still matter of debate in the regional geological literature. NW-SE structural features recognized in the area are extensional faults whose activity was probably related to the late flexure-hinge retreat of the Adria plate margin during the Late Pliocene-Early Pleistocene eastward migration of the thrust belt-foredeep-foreland system.  相似文献