Landscape change and sandy desertification in arid areas: a case study in the Zhangye Region of Gansu Province, China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

F. Luo  S. Z. Qi  H. L. Xiao 《Environmental Geology》2005,49(1):90-97

The Zhangye Region of Gansu Province is an important agricultural base in arid northwestern China. During the twentieth century, especially in the last five decades, the region has experienced sandy desertification. To document the status and causes of this deterioration, satellite images, meteorological and socioeconomic data to assess landscape change from 1993 to 2002 were interpreted and analyzed. The results show that during the intervening 9-year period the area of sandy lands has increased by 642.2 km², which consist of aeolian sand dune (357.1 km²) and potential sandy land (216.3 km²). Although the development and reversion of sandy desertification co-exist, the sandy desertification in this area seems serious and is attributable to the irrational use of water and land.  相似文献   

Farmer-based Rice Cropping Systems in the Poyang Lake Region,China: Analysis of Characteristics and Policy Implications     

Khampheng BOUDMYXAY  LI Peng  XIAO Chiwei  SHEN Lei  ZHONG Shuai 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(3):256-264

This paper examines the spatial characteristics of farmer/household behaviors in regional rice cropping systems (RCS), and the results provide necessary information for developing strategies that will maintain regional food security. Through field study and statistical analysis based on 402 households questionnaires finished in 2014-2015 in the Poyang Lake Region (PLR) of China, we arrived at two main conclusions. First, single- and double cropping rice were found across the study area, but showed a general distribution trend, with double cropping rice in the southeast part (especially in Jinxian county) and single cropping rice in the northwest (particularly in De’an county). Second, the household decisions concerning RCS varied in different parts of the PLR, but double cropping was the dominant type, with about 63.57% of the respondent households in the PLR cultivating double cropping rice. However, the multiple-cropping index of paddy rice was only 1.55. About 3% of interviewed households had altered their RCS during this period. Based on these findings, the local governments should guide farmers’ paddy field cultivation behaviors by increasing the comparative efficiency of rice production, promoting appropriate scale operations and land conversion, as well as optimizing rice growing conditions to improve the multiple cropping index and enhance food provision. Finally, land-use efficiency and more sustainable use of land resources should be improved.  相似文献   

遥感技术在内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗萨麦地区的找矿应用     

贺瑾瑞  陈国浒  张翊超  宋庆伟 《城市地质》2016,(4):99-105

本文以内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗萨麦地区1:5万巴彦塔拉等4幅区域地质调查范围为研究区,以ETM+影像数据为信息源,以波谱理论为基础,从遥感图像中提取蚀变信息继而进行遥感找矿实践。针对区内铁染、羟基蚀变类型使用主成分分析等方法,将研究区划分为10个异常区,结合区域构造特征情况,对异常区域开展了1:1万路线调查,综合判定后,选择了4个找矿靶区进行了化探剖面探测并进行了成果分析,结果显示遥感蚀变信息与野外调查和化探异常吻合较好。  相似文献   

二维地震勘探在伊南煤田伊昭井田的应用          下载免费PDF全文

秦守萍 《山东国土资源》2016,32(10)

在地震地质条件不利的情况下,确定了合理的野外数据采集方法;根据二维地震的目的任务,运用了合理的数据采集方法,采用了较好的技术措施解决了地震资料处理及解译中存在的技术难点,包括静校正问题、干扰波的去除、分辨率的提高、波组分析、层位标定、断点解释等。在覆盖层厚度、煤层底板、煤层露头、构造解释、火烧区推测等方面取得了较可靠的勘探成果,为后续全井田勘探布局发挥了指导性作用。  相似文献   

大兴安岭南部地区林西组油气勘探前景探讨     

吴桐  周铁锁 《地质与资源》2018,27(5):438-444

基于露头资料,利用有机地球化学分析技术,通过研究大兴安岭南部林西组地层及烃源岩发育特征,探讨有利勘探方向.结果表明：大兴安岭南部地区上二叠统林西组广泛发育,其沉积环境主体为三角洲-湖相沉积;林西组暗色泥岩有机质含量以中等为主,有机质类型为Ⅱ₂~Ⅲ型,有机质热演化达到高熟-过熟阶段.该区开展油气勘探应远离侵入岩发育区,在有中生界覆盖地区,保存条件及盖层条件更为有利.  相似文献   

内蒙古北山地区阿民乌素蛇绿岩的年代学、地球化学特征及大地构造意义     

孟庆涛 《地质与勘探》2021,57(1):122-135

内蒙古北山地区阿民乌素蛇绿岩是芨芨台子-小黄山蛇绿岩带的重要组成部分,主要由变质辉长岩和极少强蛇纹石化橄榄岩组成。变质辉长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄453±12 Ma,形成于晚奥陶世。强蛇纹石化橄榄岩MgO(36.90%~37.44%)、Ni(1980×10^-6~2232×10^-6)、Cr(2312×10^-6~2506×10^-6)含量高,而Al2O3(0.59%~1.41%)、TiO 2(0.01%~0.02%)和∑REE(0.85×10^-6~3.25×10^-6)含量低,具亏损地幔岩特征;变质辉长岩MgO(7.22.20%~11.66%)相对含量高;Al2O3(15.61%~18.79%)、TiO 2(0.20%~0.29%)、P2O5(0.01%)、K2O+Na2O(1.36%~2.43%)含量低,且K2O相似文献   

内蒙古鄂尔多斯高原古冰缘遗迹科学考察研究进展     

何瑞霞  金会军  蒋观利  张泽  陈雪梅  Raul David SERBAN  Mihaela SERBAN  Jef VANDENBERGHE  Valentin V.SPEKTOR  Hugh M.FRENCH 《冰川冻土》2021,43(1):263-273

冰缘遗迹（特别是冷生楔形构造及融冻褶皱）是重建古气候及第四纪晚期多年冻土环境的重要证据。内蒙古鄂尔多斯高原是我国北方地区冰缘现象最为发育的地区之一。为准确了解鄂尔多斯高原冰缘遗迹类型及其分布特征、区域冻土演化历史等,中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院和荷兰自由大学共同组成科研小组,于2018年5—6月组织了“鄂尔多斯高原冰缘遗迹科学考察”。考察区域涉及靖边—城川—乌审旗—鄂尔多斯东胜区一带约12 000 km²的范围。考察内容主要包括鄂尔多斯高原冰缘遗迹类型及特征、分布区域、各类型冰缘遗迹所指示的气候条件的初步推断等。结果表明：冻融褶皱和冷生楔体构造是鄂尔多斯高原主要存在的两大类冰缘遗迹。基于本次考察中关于冰缘遗迹的分布与特征等新发现,并综合前人研究成果,初步推断：在气温极低、多年冻土非常发育的时段,有利于形成各类冷生楔状构造,如冰楔假形和大型原生砂楔等;在气候转暖、多年冻土退化,但还没有全部融化完阶段,可能形成融冻褶皱;区域性大面积分布和成群出现的融冻褶皱一般反映较暖气候环境下,多年冻土层上部已退化到一定程度。基于光释光（OSL）年代测试结果,结合冰缘遗迹的特征及其所指示的古气候环境,初步重建了鄂尔多斯5万年以来的冻土环境变化序列。区内多年冻土在多年冻土最大期（LPM,25~19 ka BP）时最发育,以大面积连续多年冻土为主;之后,随气温转暖,总趋势呈退化状态,多年冻土分布逐渐变为片状→岛状→零星斑状,直至现今全部融完变为深季节冻土区。  相似文献   

1901—2018年三江源地区大气冻融指数变化特征     

陈方方  罗栋梁  刘磊  金会军  李超 《冰川冻土》2021,43(2):417-426

三江源地区是我国重要生态安全屏障,冻土是其高寒生态系统的重要组成部分,冻土的变化深刻影响高寒生态系统固碳及水源涵养。基于英国东英吉利大学（University of East Anglia,UEA）气候研究中心（Climatic Research Unit,CRU）月平均气温再分析资料,利用线性倾向法和滑动平均法并结合GIS空间分析和制图,计算并分析了三江源地区1901—2018年冻融指数变化趋势及其空间分布特征。结果表明：三江源地区冻结指数在1901—2018年整体以-1.1 ℃·d·a^-1的斜率呈波动减少趋势,经历了三个波动变化阶段：1901—1943年的下降（-3.4 ℃·d·a^-1）、1943—1966年的升高（8.8 ℃·d·a^-1）、1966—2018年的再次下降（-4.3 ℃·d·a^-1）。融化指数与冻结指数的变化相反,整体以0.34 ℃·d·a^-1的斜率呈波动上升趋势,呈现升高（1901—1943年,3.3 ℃·d·a^-1）、下降（1943—1981年,-3.1 ℃·d·a^-1）、再次升高（1981—2018年,2.9 ℃·d·a^-1）的趋势。在空间分布上,自西向东随海拔和多年冻土连续性降低,冻结指数由3 400 ℃·d递减到600 ℃·d,融化指数由接近0 ℃·d增加到1 800 ℃·d。长江源区冻结指数最大,融化指数最小;黄河源区冻结指数最小,融化指数最大。研究成果可为三江源地区冻土变化及其对高寒生态环境的影响研究提供科学借鉴。  相似文献   

The strain‐dependent spatial evolution of garnet in a high‐P ductile shear zone from the Western Gneiss Region (Norway): a synchrotron X‐ray microtomography study          下载免费PDF全文

A. Macente  F. Fusseis  L. Menegon  X. Xiao  T. John 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2017,35(5):565-583

Reaction and deformation microfabrics provide key information to understand the thermodynamic and kinetic controls of tectono‐metamorphic processes, however, they are usually analysed in two dimensions, omitting important information regarding the third spatial dimension. We applied synchrotron‐based X‐ray microtomography to document the evolution of a pristine olivine gabbro into a deformed omphacite–garnet eclogite in four dimensions, where the 4^th dimension is represented by the degree of strain. In the investigated samples, which cover a strain gradient into a shear zone from the Western Gneiss Region (Norway), we focused on the spatial transformation of garnet coronas into elongated garnet clusters with increasing strain. The microtomographic data allowed quantification of garnet volume, shape and spatial arrangement evolution with increasing strain. The microtomographic observations were combined with light microscope and backscatter electron images as well as electron microprobe (EMPA) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis to correlate mineral composition and orientation data with the X‐ray absorption signal of the same mineral grains. With increasing deformation, the garnet volume almost triples. In the low‐strain domain, garnet grains form a well interconnected large garnet aggregate that develops throughout the entire sample. We also observed that garnet coronas in the gabbros never completely encapsulate olivine grains. In the most highly deformed eclogites, the oblate shapes of garnet clusters reflect a deformational origin of the microfabrics. We interpret the aligned garnet aggregates to direct synkinematic fluid flow, and consequently influence the transport of dissolved chemical components. EBSD analyses reveal that garnet shows a near‐random crystal preferred orientation that testifies no evidence for crystal plasticity. There is, however evidence for minor fracturing, neo‐nucleation and overgrowth. Microprobe chemical analysis revealed that garnet compositions progressively equilibrate to eclogite facies, becoming more almandine‐rich. We interpret these observations as pointing to a mechanical disintegration of the garnet coronas during strain localization, and their rearrangement into individual garnet clusters through a combination of garnet coalescence and overgrowth while the rock was deforming.  相似文献   

Evaluating coastal scenery using fuzzy logic: Application at selected sites in Western Black Sea coastal region of Turkey   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ay?en Ergin  Fatma ?ahin 《Ocean Engineering》2010,37(7):583-591

Coastal areas of the world are under treat due to the conflicting requirements of functions such as habitation and/or recreation, which affect the strategic asset of coastal scenery itself. Coastal managers, together with planners, need coastal landscape inventories, where the quality of coastal scenery is a part of the inventory. In order to provide an evidence-based approach for sound coastal management decisions, [Ergin et al., 2004] and [Ergin et al., 2006] developed a novel technique ‘coastal scenic evaluation’ (CSE), which addresses the evaluation of coastal scenery. The CSE technique utilizes fuzzy logic to derive values obtained from a checklist of 26 physical and human parameters. The methodology enables the calculation of an evaluation index (D), which categorizes the scenic values of coastal sites into five distinct classes. Using this technique, coastal scenic evaluations were carried out at 34 selected sites on the Western Black Sea coast of Turkey. Based on the calculated D values, a five-class differentiation was obtained for the selected sites, to provide baseline information for any envisaged subsequent management plans for these areas.  相似文献