机载激光雷达森林垂直结构剖面参数的沿海平原人工林林分特征反演   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘浩  张峥男  曹林 《遥感学报》2018,22(5):872-888

中国是世界上人工林面积最大的国家,实时、定量、精确地获取人工林林分特征对于人工林资源监测、管理以及全球碳循环具有重要意义。以北亚热带沿海平原人工林为研究对象,借助机载激光雷达LiDAR(Light Detection And Ranging)点云数据并结合地面实测的55个样地来反演人工林林分特征。首先,构建冠层高度分布剖面CHD(Canopy Height Distribution)和枝叶剖面FP(Foliage Profile);然后,通过Weibull函数分别对CHD和FP进行拟合并提取Weibull参数作为特征变量(第1组);同时,还直接基于点云提取了LiDAR高度变量HRM(HeightRelated Metrics)和冠层密度变量DRM(Density-Related Metrics)(第2组);最后,结合地面实测数据和两组特征变量构建了多元回归模型用于预测各林分特征(即林分密度、平均胸径、胸高断面积、Lorey’s树高、蓄积量和地上生物量)。结果表明:(1)与只使用基于点云的特征变量(即第2组)相比,结合点云特征变量(第2组)和冠层垂直结构剖面特征变量(第1组)的各林分特征预测精度均有所提升(ΔAdjusted R2=0—0.13,ΔrRMSE=0.08—3.65%);(2)对各林分特征预测的结果中,Lorey’s树高(Adjusted R2=0.85, rRMSE=7.66%)和蓄积量(Adjusted R2=0.84,rRMSE=14.27%)的预测精度最高,地上生物量(Adjusted R2=0.78, rRMSE=14.15%)、胸高断面积(Adjusted R2=0.73, rRMSE=14.70%)和平均胸径(Adjusted R2=0.64, rRMSE=15.05%)次之,林分密度(Adjusted R2=0.58,rRMSE=26.16%)的预测精度最低;(3)Weibull函数较准确地反映了亚热带人工林垂直冠层结构,可以有效提高林分特征反演精度。  相似文献   

Cosmogenic isotope (Cl) surface exposure dating of the Norber erratics, Yorkshire Dales: Further constraints on the timing of the LGM deglaciation in Britain     

Peter J. Vincent  Peter Wilson  Tom C. Lord  Christoph Schnabel 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2010,121(1):24-31

Cosmogenic isotope (³⁶Cl) surface exposure dating of four of the erratic boulders at Norber in the Yorkshire Dales National Park, northwest England, yielded mean ages of ∼22.2 ± 2.0 ka BP and ∼18.0 ± 1.6 ka BP for their emplacement. These two mean values derive from different ³⁶Cl production rates used for exposure age calculation. The ages are uncorrected for temporal variations in production rates and may underestimate the true ages by 5-7%. The former age, although implying early deglaciation for this area of the British ice sheet, is not incompatible with minimum deglaciation ages from other contexts and locations in northwest England. However, the latter age is more consistent with the same minimum deglaciation ages and geochronological evidence for ice-free conditions in parts of the northern sector of the Irish Sea. Within uncertainties, the younger of the mean ages from Norber may indicate that boulder emplacement was associated with North Atlantic Heinrich event 1. The limited spatial (downvalley) extent of the Norber boulders implies that at the time of their deposition the ice margin was coincident with the distal margin of the erratic train. Loss of ice cover at Norber was followed by persistent stadial conditions until the abrupt opening of the Lateglacial Interstadial when large carnivorous mammals colonised the area. The ³⁶Cl ages are between ∼3.0 ka and ∼13.0 ka older than previous estimates based on rates of limestone dissolution derived from the heights of pedestals beneath the erratics.  相似文献   

The conversion of natural riparian forests into agricultural land affects ecological processes in Atlantic forest streams     

《Limnologica》2021

Agricultural practices affect the integrity of riparian areas of small streams. In this study we tested the hypothesis that the increase of agricultural activities influences negatively the functional conditions of the low order streams in the Atlantic forest of southern Brazil. Litter bags with leaves of Nectandra megapotamica (Spreng.) Mez were located in eight streams with different amounts of woody vegetation and agriculture land uses in their riparian zones. After 7, 15 and 30 days, the litter bags were removed for identification of associated invertebrates and determination of decomposition rate. Decomposition rates were negatively influenced by agriculture in the riparian zone while primary production was positively influenced. On the other hand, the decomposition mediated by microorganisms did not vary along the degradation gradient. The abundance of collectors increased in streams adjacent to agricultural land while the abundance of shredders was decreased. Our results showed that algae biomass and leaf decomposition were sensitive to the replacement of native vegetation by agricultural use. However, the trophic structure of invertebrates was moderately sensitive to agricultural land use.  相似文献   

Post-glacial rock weathering processes on a roche moutonn@e in the Riksgränsen area (68°N), northern Norway     

《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(4):257-264

Weathering processes responsible for landscape denudation in Arctic environments are poorly understood. Traditionally, gelifraction has been widely invoked as the dominant weathering process, but empirical support for this is frequently lacking. In Norwegian Lapland, post-glacial weathering has been recently attributed to predominantly biophysical processes, based on field measurements of landscape lowering undertaken by André (1995). The study reported here examined bedrock samples from one of André's sites for mineralogical and chemical transformations since post-glacial exposure. Backscatter scanning electron microscopy reveals extensive mineral grain dissolution and accompanying development of rock porosity. Wavelength dispersive spectroscopy shows these mineral alterations to be the result of the loss of major chemical constituents including Ca, Mg, K, Si, and Al. Chemical weathering is clearly a component of post-glacial landscape denudation in Norwegian Lapland, in addition to the important role of biophysical processes identified by André (1995). Cosmogenic dating of the sampled bedrock surface confirms that much of this weathering has occurred in the last 10,000 years.  相似文献   

Spatio-temporal pattern analysis of land use/cover change trajectories in Xihe watershed   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dongchuan Wang  Jianhua Gong  Liding ChenLihui Zhang  Yiquan SongYujuan Yue 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2012,14(1):12-21

Human-induced land use/cover change has been considered to be one of the most important parts of global environmental changes. In loess hilly and gully regions, to prevent soil loss and achieve better ecological environments, soil conservation measures have been taken during the past decades. The main objective of this study is to quantify the spatio-temporal variability of land use/cover change spatial patterns and make preliminary estimation of the role of human activity in the environmental change in Xihe watershed, Gansu Province, China. To achieve this objective, the methodology was developed in two different aspects, that is, (1) analysis of change patterns by binary image of change trajectories overlaid with different natural geographic factors, in which Relative Change Intensity (RCI) metric was established and used to make comparisons, and (2) analysis based on pattern metrics of main trajectories in the study area. Multi-source and multi-temporal Remote Sensing (RS) images (including Landsat ETM+ (30 June 2001), SPOT imagery (21 November 2003 and 5 May 2008) and CBERS02 CCD (5 June 2006)) were used due to the constraints of the availability of remotely sensed data. First, they were used to extract land use/cover types of each time node by object-oriented classification method. Classification results were then utilized in the trajectory analysis of land use/cover changes through the given four time nodes. Trajectories at every pixel were acquired to trace the history of land use/cover change for every location in the study area. Landscape metrics of trajectories were then analyzed to detect the change characteristics in time and space through the given time series. Analysis showed that most land use/cover changes were caused by human activities, most of which, under the direction of local government, had mainly led to virtuous change on the ecological environments. While, on the contrary, about one quarter of human-induced changes were vicious ones. Analysis through overlaying binary image of change trajectories with natural factors can efficiently show the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of land use/cover change patterns. It is found that in the study area RCI of land use/cover changes is related to the distance to the river line. And there is a certain correlation between RCI and slope grades. However, no obvious correlation exists between RCI and aspect grades.  相似文献   

场地开发的景观与生态敏感性分析：以深圳梧桐山南坡废弃石场为例   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

李贞  何昉  邬俏钧  闫荣 《热带地理》2001,21(4):329-332

对土地（场地）的景观与生态敏感性分析有助于土地开发利用、项目设计和资源管理的科学性。文中以景观与生态的质量反映物质水平，以风景与观者的关系，从视觉、美学、人文与自然资源的协调性反映敏感水平，制定了一套景观与生态敏感性分析的指标，为中、小尺度地域的土地规划和管理提供了定性与定量的评价方法。  相似文献   

快速城市化地区景观组分在地形梯度上的分布特征研究   总被引：65，自引：5，他引：65  

喻红  曾辉  江子瀛 《地理科学》2001,21(1):64-69

采用地形位指数综合描述深圳市龙华地区的地形差异，并在此基础上，利用无量纲的分布指数对景观组分的空间分布特征进行了半定量分析，结果表明，地形位指数可以综合地反映地形条件的空间分布和差异信息，分布指数用于描述某各组分的实际分布与标准分布的差异，可以排险面积的干扰，为各种经较分析创造了条件，研究时段内龙华地区景观组分在地形位梯度上整体分布格局的复杂性显著增加，人为景观改造活动主要表现为一种中尺度土地利用结构调整行为，并有助于对不同地形条件下的土地利用进行加严格的分工，地形差异则是大尺度景观整体格局形成的基本骨架。  相似文献   

Quantifying landscape structure of the Heihe River Basin, north-west China using FRAGSTATS   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Xin Li  Ling Lu  Guodong Cheng  Honglang Xiao 《Journal of Arid Environments》2001,48(4):521

We have compiled landscape map of the Heihe River Basin based on the land-use map using geographic information systems. A total of six ecoregions was delineated. Various landscape metrics of each zone, including area, patch density and size, edge, shape, nearest-neighbor, diversity, and contagion and interspersion metrics were calculated using the landscape structure analysis program FRAGSTATS. The results indicated that the landscape pattern of the Heihe River Basin is mainly controlled by the distribution of water resources. The landscape structure in the mountainous area of the Heihe River Basin shows a high continuity and complex patch shapes. The landscape structure of the oasis area shows the most complex landscape structure, the richest patch types, and the highest diversity. The oases are distributed along rivers and artificial channels, and are heterogeneous mosaics embedded in the desert landscape matrix. The landscape structures of oases in different zones vary greatly. In the oasis zone in the Hexi Corridor, the artificial oasis, dominated by irrigated farmland, is one of the most important landscape elements. Conversely, in the Ruoshui River Delta zone, the patches are fragmented and the landscape is easily disturbed. In the transitional belt between oasis and desert, the patch types are meadow, salinized meadow, salt desert, and marsh, which are fragmented and distributed in clusters. These patch types reflect the biodiversity in the arid region and play an important role in resisting the desertification in the area, suggesting they must be protected carefully. In the desert area, such as the northern Alxa High Plain, the bare gobi is a landscape matrix with absolute dominance and very high contagion, while other landscape types in the zone are heterogeneous mosaics embedded in the matrix with very small percentage.  相似文献   

Testing candidate indicators to support ecosystem-based management: the power of monitoring surveys to detect temporal trends in fish community metrics   总被引：3，自引：8，他引：3  

Nicholson  Mike D; Jennings  Simon 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2004,61(1):35-42

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Which ecological indicators can robustly detect effects of fishing?   总被引：8，自引：7，他引：8  

Fulton  Elizabeth A.; Smith  Anthony D.M.; Punt  Andre E. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2005,62(3):540-551

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