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31.
象山港海洋牧场示范区浮游植物的群落特征及其与环境因子的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据2014年4月至2015年1月于象山港海洋牧场示范区和对照区四季的浮游植物及同步的环境调查数据,对浮游植物的群落特征进行研究,并应用冗余分析(RDA)研究了该海域环境因子对浮游植物群落结构的影响。共鉴定出浮游植物95种,隶属于7门59属,主要由硅藻(64种)、绿藻(10种)和甲藻(9种)组成。优势种主要有琼氏圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus jonesianus)、太阳漂流藻(Planktoniella sol)和星脐圆筛藻(C.asteromphalus),且存在明显的季节演替现象。双因素分析结果表明:季节间,浮游植物丰度、多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener多样性、Pielou均匀度和Margalef丰富度)和环境因子(水温、盐度、p H、DO、NO_3-N、NO_2-N、NH_4-N、PO_4-P和Si O_3-Si)均存在极显著差异(P0.01),秋、春季全区丰度(121.59和79.39×10~4个/m~3)显著高于冬、夏季(13.05和7.05×10~4个/m~3),多样性指数均表现为冬夏秋春季;区域间,丰度、多样性指数和环境因子均无显著性差异(P0.05),示范区浮游植物丰度和多样性指数的四季均值都高于对照区。相似性聚类分析、多维尺度分析(n MDS)结果表明,浮游植物群落组成季节性差异显著,区域差异不显著。表明示范区的建设对浮游植物的生长有一定的积极作用,但效果不显著。RDA分析结果表明,盐度、温度、营养盐(NO_3-N、PO_4-P和Si O_3-Si)和DO是影响浮游植物群落结构的主要因子,各种浮游植物对环境因子的响应机制有所不同。 相似文献
32.
Analysis of dynamics and driving factors of wetland landscape in Zoige, Eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Zoige Wetland is one of the largest plateau wetlands in the world. This paper provides a dynamic analysis of spatial and temporal patterns of the wetland in Zoige, Eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, supported by ERDAS8.7 and ArcGIS9.0. It is the first comparative analysis of a system of rapidly changing wetland with landscape patterns in Zoige, using 3 classified landsat Thematic Mapper images of 1977, 1994 and 2001. The classified images were used to generate wetland distributing maps, and shape index （S）, diversity index （H）, dominance index （D）, evenness index （E）, fragmentation index （F） and fractal dimension （Fd） were calculated and analyzed spatiotemporally across pure grazing area in Zoige for each landscape type and in different periods （before 1977, during 1977-1994 and 1994-2001）, as well as the driving forces of natural and anthropogenic. The study shows that for a comprehensive understanding of the shapes and trajectories of the shrinking and desertificated land expansion of the wetland, a spatiotemporal landscape metrics analysis in different periods is an improvement than only with landscape changing rates. This type of analysis can also be used to infer underlying social, economic, and political processes that drive the observed wetland forms. The results indicate that wetland patterns can be changed over relatively short periods of time. The total area of lake reduced by 164.86 km^2, grassland extended by 141.74 km^2, semi-marsh extended by 105.94 km^2, marsh reduced by 86.00 km^2 the number of landscape patches reduced by 56, and their average area decreased by 2.68 km^2, the successions within lake, marsh, semi-marsh and grassland were found obviously. S decreased stepwise： D and F increased but H decreased： The changing rate after 1994 was 2.3 to 2.9 times greater than that before. The change of the wetland landscape patterns resulted in the interaction between socio-ceenomic and natural forces of positive and negative aspects; and natural factors affected as assistant aspect. Some important human activities in this period led to the change of the landscape patterns in this region directly. Some measurements made by government and NGO delayed the converting process partly. 相似文献
33.
甘南高寒牧区牧民参与合作经济组织的意愿及影响因素 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在广大牧区发展牧民合作经济组织,对于提升畜牧业竞争力、增加牧民收入、培养新型牧民具有至关重要的作用。利用入户调查资料分析了甘南牧区牧民参与合作经济组织的意愿,通过实地调研总结了影响农户参与专业合作经济组织行为的主要因素,建立了牧民参与合作经济组织的行为模型,并运用Logistic模型进行了实证研究。研究结果表明:牧民参与合作经济组织的意愿受户主的受教育程度、畜牧业生产的专业化程度、畜产品的商品化程度等因素的影响。基于这些实证研究结果,提出了相关的政策建议。 相似文献
34.
正20140965Jia Gaowen(School of Earth Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Liu Kenan Pod and Leaflet Fossils of Dalbergia(Leguminosae)from the Upper Miocene of Lincang,Yunnan Province(Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,ISSN0001-6616,CN32-1188/Q,52(2),2013,p.213-222,6 相似文献
35.
Shawn Van Ausdal 《Geoforum》2009,40(5):707-719
This article examines the expansion of cattle ranching from 1850 to 1950 into lowland forests of Colombia. Although most attention to ranching as a source of deforestation in Latin America has focused on the second half of the 20th century, in Colombia it has a much longer history. The article also examines the role of introduced African grasses in the process of pasture development. While it discusses their ability to suppress secondary-forest regeneration, it underscores their contribution to productivity gains to help explain their wide diffusion. Lastly, the article suggests that paying greater attention to the costs and labor of pasture formation can serve as a springboard to reexamine a number of common stereotypes about ranching: that the logic of livestock was not about producing beef; that cattle were primarily a means to control territory; and that ranching ‘profits’ stemmed from extra-economic sources. Although there is some truth to these explanations, the dominance of cattle throughout the countryside cannot be explained without taking the economic and productive logic of ranching into account. This, in turn, should also help push us to better understand the nature of landed power and the dynamics of agrarian change in Colombia. 相似文献
36.
以高寒牧区玛曲县为例,应用最优尺度回归模型对当地牧民在退牧还草工程影响下的行为响应及其影响因素进行定量分析,以研究牧民在进行行为选择时的规律性因素。研究表明,牧户的受教育程度、家庭收入水平、牧户从政府保护草原的政策中的获益程度和草地退化认知程度对牧户参与退牧还草工程的响应程度有显著正向影响,而户主的年龄、家庭规模和草场面积有显著负向影响。为了使退牧还草工程变成牧户的自觉行动并长期坚持下去,应把牧户的经济发展与退牧还草工程紧密相连,只有着眼于牧民畜牧生产观念的转变,牧户的经济有很大发展,退牧还草的持续性才能保证。 相似文献
37.
Abstract: Even before 1900, the emphasis in New Zealand agriculture shifted from extensive agriculture to more intensive use of existing farmland through pasture improvement. Examination of the contribution of the Department of Agriculture, which together with the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research activated the later 'grasslands revolution', shows both the extent and the limits of its role in pasture improvement before 1914. It is suggested that until then, the prime agents in this transformation were not Department of Agriculture staff but rather enlightened farmers, with co-operation between them on an equal footing towards the end of the period. 相似文献
38.
TIAN Yuan YU Chengqun ZHA Xinjie WU Jianshuang GAO Xing FENG Chujian 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2018,9(5):545-553
The North Tibet plateau is the world highest plateau with a unique alpine grassland and water environment. To obtain a better understanding of the correct supply of Molybdenum (Mo) to livestock in north Tibet, we investigated the content and geographical variation of Mo in different families of pasture plants (n=1017) and water (n=40), then discuss the Cuprum (Cu):Mo ratio in different plant families, and calculate the total Mo intake of the yak in north Tibet. The average Mo concentration in five families preferred for grazing are: Compositae (2.71 μg g-1), Leguminosae (2.70 μg g-1), Gramineae (2.48 μg g-1), Cyperaceae (1.63 μg g-1), and Rosaceae (1.51 μg g-1). There was a strong geographical variation in Mo concentration (p < 0.001). The mean value of Mo in north Tibet surface water from 15 sites is 0.89 µg L-1. The Mo ingestion by yak through these plants and water in north Tibet is about 9586 µg day-1 which means the toxicity of Mo does not exist in the average daily diet. However, the large geographical variation found may cause some toxicity of Mo in the average daily intake of north Tibet pasture plants in some areas. The Cu:Mo ratio of 2:60 is considered the limit for risk of Mo hyperactivity, while extremely high Cu:Mo ratios may lead to chronic copper poisoning. Our survey of plant samples found 43.29% below and 29.3% above the limiting Cu:Mo ratio of 60 indicating some risk to north Tibet livestock. 相似文献
39.
对蒙古国自然条件的特点、生态系统的主要类型的现状及变化趋势进行了阐述,并探讨了这些变化趋势对中国相近地区的借鉴意义。 相似文献
40.
策勒绿洲位于塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘,当地牧草生长受强光、高温、干旱、土壤肥力低下等多种环境因子的制约。本文以生长在策勒绿洲边缘的21种豆科牧草为研究对象,测定牧草叶片快速叶绿素荧光诱导曲线及其参数,比较21种豆科牧草的光系统II(PSII)特性,进一步分析本地区环境对不同牧草的影响。通过对牧草各荧光参数进行聚类分析,将牧草分为4组,第1组牧草（牧草型三叶草、驯鹿和敖汉苜蓿）初始荧光（Fo）、单位反应中心吸收的能量（ABC/RC）、单位反应中心捕获的能量（TRo/RC）和单位反应中心耗散的能量（DIo/RC）值最高,而最大荧光（Fm）、PSII 潜在活性（Fv/Fo）、PSII 最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、单位面积反应中心的数量（RC/CSo）、单位反应中心电子传递的能量（ETo/RC）和荧光诱导曲线初始斜率（Mo）最低;第4组牧草（农宝、甘农3号、和田大叶、牧歌、费纳尔紫花苜蓿、金皇后、新牧二号、苜蓿和新疆大叶苜蓿）Fo、ABC/RC、TRo/RC和DIo/RC值最低,而Fm、Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm、RC/CSo、ETo/RC和Mo最高;第2组牧草（阿尔冈金、皇冠、北疆紫花苜蓿、新牧一号、巨人苜蓿和苜蓿王）和第3组牧草（沙打旺、三得力和红豆草）的值趋于中间水平。结果说明:策勒绿洲恶劣的气候条件对各组牧草均产生了一定的胁迫,对牧草PSⅡ的反应中心的活性及电子链的传递产生抑制,各组受到环境抑制的程度为:第1组>第2组>第3组>第4组。第4组牧草受到的影响相对较小,比较适合在本地区种植,而第1组和第2组牧草受到外部环境的干扰较大,PSⅡ的结构和功能受到严重影响,不适合在本地区种植。 相似文献