黄河三角洲埕岛近岸海域悬浮泥沙运动   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8  

冯秀丽  吴世强  林霖  刘涛  周松望 《海洋科学》2003,27(12):66-70

根据1998年9月8日和1999年3月19日两次对埕北海域进行的10个站位的同步海流、悬浮泥沙观测资料，进行该海区的悬浮泥沙输运趋势分析，发现该海区含沙量较大。从整个海区来看，底层含沙量大于表层含沙量，该海区泥沙含量普遍表现为东南部的泥沙含量高于西北部的泥沙含量；由单宽输沙量的计算及有关资料分析可以得出，秋季泥沙运移趋势是由东南向到西北向，而春季泥沙的运移趋势是由东北向到西南向；含沙量是随流速的加大而增加，含沙量的峰值稍滞后于流速的峰值；该海区为冲蚀海区，悬浮泥沙产生的平均年7中刷量为2cm／a，在本海区的地形塑造中占次要地位。  相似文献   

大亚湾海域温排水三维数值模拟   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

周巧菊 《海洋湖沼通报》2007,(4):37-46

为了研究大亚湾海域核电站温排水热污染问题,本文利用POM模式建立了大亚湾潮流三维数值模型,在模型验证良好的基础上,结合建立在对流扩散理论基础之上的输运扩散模型,对大亚湾核电站和岭澳核电站一期工程合排后夏季两核电站温排水的稀释扩散过程进行了数值计算,得到了涨憩、涨急、落憩、落急四个典型时刻温升场的特征值,并进一步分析了温升场的变化特征。  相似文献   

Intertidal spring dynamics and coastal nutrient loading revealed through geophysics,drone surveys,and in-situ monitoring     

Alexandra C. Oliver  Rob C. Jamieson  Kathryn A. Smith  Julia A. Cantelon  Barret L. Kurylyk 《水文研究》2024,38(5):e15144

Coastal eutrophication poses an increasing risk to ecosystem health due to enhanced nutrient loading to the global coastline. Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) represents a significant pathway for nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃-N) transport to the coast, but diffusive SGD transport is difficult to monitor directly, given the low flux rates and expansive discharge areas. In contrast, focused SGD from intertidal springs can potentially be sampled and directly gauged, providing unique insight into SGD and associated contaminant transport. Basin Head is a coastal lagoon in Prince Edward Island, Canada that is a federally protected ecosystem. Nitrate-nitrogen is conveyed from agricultural fields in the contributing watershed to the eutrophic lagoon via intertidal groundwater springs and groundwater-dominated tributaries. We used several field methods to characterize groundwater discharge, nutrient loading, and in-channel mixing associated with intertidal springs. The tributaries and intertidal springs were gauged and sampled to estimate a representative summer nitrate load to the lagoon. Our analysis revealed that NO₃-N export to the lagoon through tributaries and springs throughout summer 2023 was on average 401 kg N/month, with the combined spring loading comparable in magnitude to the combined tributary loading. We collected thermal infrared and visual imagery using drone surveys and found spatial overlap between cold-water plumes from the spring discharge and macroalgae blooms, indicating the local thermal and ecosystem impacts of the focused SGD. We also mapped the electrical resistivity (salinity) distribution in the water column around one large spring with electromagnetic geophysics at different tidal stages to reveal the three-dimensional spring plume dynamics. Results showed that the fresher spring water floated above the saline lagoon water with the brackish plume oriented in the direction of the tidal current. Collectively, our multi-pronged field investigations help elucidate the hydrologic, thermal, and nutrient dynamics of intertidal springs and the cascading ecosystem impacts.  相似文献   

摄影测量系统精度测试新方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈新  冯其强  李宗春 《测绘工程》2010,19(2):53-55,58

根据经纬仪测量系统点位真实精度的经验值和分别用工业摄影测量系统与经纬仪测量系统测量出的点位进行公共点转换得出的差值,来估计工业摄影测量系统测量的点位精度,从而提供一种检测工业摄影测量系统精度的新方法。分别使用INCA3与Nikon D2H相机试验,发现INCA3相机的精度大约是Nikon D2H精度的2倍。  相似文献   

1980国家坐标系向某市地方独立坐标系的转换     

贾志强 《测绘与空间地理信息》2010,33(1):193-196

改变国家大地基准参考椭球的参数,以新的椭球作为投影基准,选择合适的中央子午线,通过坐标相似变换的方法,实现1980国家坐标系(1980西安坐标系)向某市地方独立坐标系的转换,并对转换的内符合精度和外符合精度进行了对比分析。  相似文献   

Impulsion discharge technique and its application in geology casulty control     

Chen CHEN  Xiaojun HUANG  Jingxian GAO 《世界地质(英文版)》2006,9(2)

Impulsion discharge technique is a new technology to prevent geological disasters, such an approach is in a liquid medium into the borehole electrode to gain access to high-voltage, forme discharge, and mechanical wave energy into electrical energy, produce a shockwave and in the same time compact the surrounding soil. Building on the existing foundation of the Act has been applied to engineering and water conservancy projects, the results were very good.  相似文献   

INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AND ARAB-JEWISH ECONOMIC GAPS IN THE GALILEE REGION,ISRAEL1     

Oren Yiftachel 《The Professional geographer》1991,43(2):163-179

Israel's development of industrial zones in the peripheral Galilee region is a major element of its national planning policy. The paper examines the economic impact of three of these industrial zones—Carmiel, Tefen, and Ma'alot—on Arabs and Jews in the region. Data on key employment and input and output indicators were collected through a survey of all firms in the three estates. In 1989 economic benefits generated by the three industrial zones were disproportionately enjoyed by the Jewish sector, thereby reinforcing patterns of interethnic economic gaps and minority dependence.  相似文献   

Regime-dependent streamflow sensitivities to Pacific climate modes cross the Georgia–Puget transboundary ecoregion     

Sean W. Fleming  Paul H. Whitfield  R. D. Moore  Edward J. Quilty 《水文研究》2007,21(24):3264-3287

The Georgia Basin–Puget Sound Lowland region of British Columbia (Canada) and Washington State (USA) presents a crucial test in environmental management due to its combination of abundant salmonid habitat, rapid population growth and urbanization, and multiple national jurisdictions. It is also hydrologically complex and heterogeneous, containing at least three streamflow regimes: pluvial (rainfall-driven winter freshet), nival (melt-driven summer freshet), and hybrid (both winter and summer freshets), reflecting differing elevation ranges within various watersheds. We performed bootstrapped composite analyses of river discharge, air temperature, and precipitation data to assess El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) impacts upon annual hydrometeorological cycles across the study area. Canadian and American data were employed from a total of 21 hydrometric and four meteorological stations. The surface meteorological anomalies showed strong regional coherence. In contrast, the seasonal impacts of coherent modes of Pacific circulation variability were found to be fundamentally different between streamflow regimes. Thus, ENSO and PDO effects can vary from one stream to the next within this region, albeit in a systematic way. Furthermore, watershed glacial cover appeared to complicate such relationships locally; and an additional annual streamflow regime was identified that exhibits climatically driven non-linear phase transitions. The spatial heterogeneity of seasonal flow responses to climatic variability may have substantial implications to catchment-specific management and planning of water resources and hydroelectric power generation, and it may also have ecological consequences due to the matching or phase-locking of lotic and riparian biological activity and life cycles to the seasonal cycle. The results add to a growing body of literature suggesting that assessments of the streamflow impacts of ocean–atmosphere circulation modes must accommodate local hydrological characteristics and dynamics. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The copyright in Paul H. Whitfield's contribution belongs to the Crown in right of Canada and such copyright material is reproduced with the permission of Environment Canada.  相似文献   

On the evaluation of snow water equivalent estimates over the terrestrial Arctic drainage basin     

Michael A. Rawlins  Mark Fahnestock  Steve Frolking  Charles J. Vörösmarty 《水文研究》2007,21(12):1616-1623

Comparisons between snow water equivalent (SWE) and river discharge estimates are important in evaluating the SWE fields and to our understanding of linkages in the freshwater cycle. In this study, we compared SWE drawn from land surface models and remote sensing observations with measured river discharge (Q) across 179 Arctic river basins. Over the period 1988‐2000, basin‐averaged SWE prior to snowmelt explains a relatively small (yet statistically significant) fraction of interannual variability in spring (April–June) Q, as assessed using the coefficient of determination (R²). Averaged across all basins, mean R²s vary from 0·20 to 0·28, with the best agreement noted for SWE drawn from a simulation with the Pan‐Arctic Water Balance Model (PWBM) forced with data from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather‐Forecasts (ECMWF) Re‐analysis (ERA‐40). Variability and magnitude in SWE derived from Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) data are considerably lower than the variability and magnitude in SWE drawn from the land surface models, and generally poor agreement is noted between SSM/I SWE and spring Q. We find that the SWE versus Q comparisons are no better when alternate temporal integrations–using an estimate of the timing in basin thaw–are used to define pre‐melt SWE and spring Q. Thus, a majority of the variability in spring discharge must arise from factors other than basin snowpack water storage. This study demonstrates how SWE estimated from remote sensing observations, or general circulation models (GCMs), can be evaluated effectively using monthly discharge data or SWE from a hydrological model. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Automated classifications of topography from DEMs by an unsupervised nested-means algorithm and a three-part geometric signature   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7  

Junko Iwahashi  Richard J. Pike 《Geomorphology》2007,86(3-4):409-440

An iterative procedure that implements the classification of continuous topography as a problem in digital image-processing automatically divides an area into categories of surface form; three taxonomic criteria–slope gradient, local convexity, and surface texture–are calculated from a square-grid digital elevation model (DEM). The sequence of programmed operations combines twofold-partitioned maps of the three variables converted to greyscale images, using the mean of each variable as the dividing threshold. To subdivide increasingly subtle topography, grid cells sloping at less than mean gradient of the input DEM are classified by designating mean values of successively lower-sloping subsets of the study area (nested means) as taxonomic thresholds, thereby increasing the number of output categories from the minimum 8 to 12 or 16. Program output is exemplified by 16 topographic types for the world at 1-km spatial resolution (SRTM30 data), the Japanese Islands at 270 m, and part of Hokkaido at 55 m. Because the procedure is unsupervised and reflects frequency distributions of the input variables rather than pre-set criteria, the resulting classes are undefined and must be calibrated empirically by subsequent analysis. Maps of the example classifications reflect physiographic regions, geological structure, and landform as well as slope materials and processes; fine-textured terrain categories tend to correlate with erosional topography or older surfaces, coarse-textured classes with areas of little dissection. In Japan the resulting classes approximate landform types mapped from airphoto analysis, while in the Americas they create map patterns resembling Hammond's terrain types or surface-form classes; SRTM30 output for the United States compares favorably with Fenneman's physical divisions. Experiments are suggested for further developing the method; the Arc/Info AML and the map of terrain classes for the world are available as online downloads.  相似文献