Stratigraphy and origin of New Forest brickearths,England     

P. J. REYNOLDS  J. A. CATT  A. H. WEIR  G. C. FISHER 《第四纪科学杂志》1996,11(3):203-216

The thin, loamy brickearth deposits overlying the flinty terrace gravels of the New Forest are divided into older and younger members. The Lower (older) Brickearth includes sediments thought to be mainly loess, with some aeolian sand and possible river floodloam (overbank sediment). These share the common feature of palaeo-argillic soil horizons in their upper layers. Two separate phases of pre-Holocene temperate pedogenesis often can be distinguished in the palaeo-argillic horizons. The Lower Brickearth is the most extensive pre-Devensian loess in Britain. The Upper (younger) Brickearth consists mainly of Late Devensian (Oxygen Isotope Stage 2) loess, but its lower layers also contain fine sand derived mainly from local Tertiary strata. Both brickearths occur on all the terrace surfaces of the New Forest and indicate that the terraces date from Oxygen Isotope Stage 6 or earlier.  相似文献   

黄土高原东西部末次间冰期以来黄土显微特征与古气候记录   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

屈红军  夏斌  雷祥义  岳乐平  李小强 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2004,24(2):95-100

以西安刘家坡和甘肃会宁西雁山末次间冰期以来黄土剖面为例,通过剖面土壤结构特征、骨架颗粒矿物成分、主要碎屑颗粒形态、骨架颗粒接触关系以及孔隙特征的分析对比,研究了黄土高原东西部黄土显微特征,进而探讨了其古气候意义。研究进一步证明,古土壤形成期气候比黄土形成期气候湿热,黄土剖面中黄土与古土壤交替反映了干与湿、热与冷的古气候变换;在古土壤形成期气候较湿热的总趋势下,黄土高原东南部比西北部更为湿热,在黄土形成期气候较干冷的总趋势下,黄土高原西北部比东南部更为干冷,这与现今黄土高原的区域性气候差异一致。  相似文献   

基于振动台试验的纯黄土边坡动力响应研究          下载免费PDF全文

陈金昌  王兰民  王平  蒲小武  柴少峰 《地震工程学报》2020,42(2):529-535

黄土地区地震岩土灾害严重,本文以兰州新区一纯黄土边坡为原型,开展了大型振动台模型试验,研究纯黄土边坡在地震荷载作用下的动力响应规律与破坏机制。结果表明:与其他岩性或土性的边坡一样,纯黄土边坡表层加速度放大效应明显,在坡肩附近达到最大,呈现出高程效应即随高程的增加放大效应增强,同时放大效应也会随地震烈度的增加而增强,当烈度达到600 gal时,坡肩处放大系数最大为2.06;边坡表层土压力远小于与其同一高程的内部土压力,表层变化规律基本一致且随地震动的增加数值相差不大,在临空面上,坡脚附近土压力为最大,其值在0.7~0.75 kPa;随地震烈度的增加,边坡表面裂纹逐步由细小短裂缝演变为横向贯穿的深裂缝,在坡肩附近尤为显著,试验中,最大沉降约10 cm,坡肩最大水平位移为5~8 cm,模型边坡最终发生拉裂滑移式破坏。该研究结果可为纯黄土边坡在地震荷载作用下的稳定性研究提供一定参考。  相似文献   

RUNOFF GENERATION AND SOIL EROSION IN SMALL AGRICULTURAL CATCHMENTS WITH LOESS-DERIVED SOILS     

P. M. VAN DIJK  F. J. P. M. KWAAD 《水文研究》1996,10(8):1049-1059

Over a two-year period, rainfall, runoff and sediment output were measured in six small agricultural catchments (3–10 ha) in south Limburg (The Netherlands). These measurements were needed for validation of an erosion model for South Limburg (LISEM). In this paper, results of the measurements are presented and processes that determine surface runoff and sediment yield during winter and summer rainfall are identified. Before the start of the measurement programme, surface slaking and crust formation on the erodible loess soils were thought to be the main cause of overland flow and soil erosion in South Limburg. This was the starting point for soil conservation measures in the area. The measurement results discussed in this paper show that in some catchments much runoff occurred in winter and that soil moisture storage capacity may be just as important for runoff generation as infiltration capacity. Therefore, when modelling soil erosion and optimizing erosion control measures for South Limburg, runoff generation through Hortonian as well as through saturation overland flow must be considered.  相似文献   

管道穿越黄土陡坡斜井工程稳定性分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王怡  王芝银  马兰平  曾志华 《岩土力学》2008,29(Z1):267-271

长输油气管道工程频遇黄土冲沟,给管线的施工和安全运营带来了困难。基于邓肯-张非线性弹性本构模型,利用数值模拟方法,对斜井开挖法穿越边坡的井周及坡体的受力变形规律进行了系统的研究和分析。结果表明,在确保斜井布设在边坡潜在的最危险滑动面以外的前提下,坡顶斜井入口越接近坡肩,斜井井周及坡体的稳定性越好。鉴于黄土斜井拱顶易出现塌落的问题,基于多工况数值模拟分析结果,结合响应面方法,构建了拱顶屈服区深度的预测公式,经验证相关性良好,可用于对斜井穿越黄土冲沟或陡坡的支护设计。  相似文献   

陕北台塬区深层黄土湿陷性研究及地基处理     

董转运  吕远强 《煤田地质与勘探》2008,36(2):52-54

陕北台塬区深层湿性黄土厚度大,地基处理困难。室内试验表明:该区黄土的湿陷性与其结构、天然含水量、孔隙比、时代成因等因素相关,黄土的湿陷系数由上到下逐渐递减,表明湿陷性随深度增加而逐渐减弱;黄土的含水量和孔隙比分别与湿陷系数呈反相关和正相关关系。提出陕北台塬区深层湿陷性黄土地基处理时,对单位荷重小于250 kPa的建筑物,适宜采用灰土垫层、灰土挤密桩或灰土挤密桩与灰土垫层相结合方案;单位荷重大于或等于250 kPa的建筑物,宜采用桩基础方案。   相似文献   

高速铁路地基黄土湿陷性评价中的ANFIS方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

韩晓萌  王家鼎  王煜  陈永君 《地理科学》2008,28(6):833-837

文章收集郑西高速铁路地基黄土典型湿陷性试验资料(包括现场大型浸水试验及室内试验),以影响黄土湿陷系数主要因素为基础,运用MATLAB建立黄土湿陷系数的自适应神经网络模糊推理系统(ANFIS)预测模型。通过对样本的训练和预测,表明该模型预测结果与实际黄土湿陷系数十分接近。用多元线性回归法对这些非母体样品进行预测检验,经过对比ANFIS法优于多元线性回归法,证明ANFIS法是一种比较理想的预测方法。  相似文献   

应力路径对黄土固结不排水剪强度的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

梁燕  谢永利  刘保健 《岩土力学》2007,28(2):364-366

用总应力法研究了应力路径对陇西Q3原状黄土的固结不排水剪强度的影响。试验基于正交设计,考虑了含水率、固结比、固结末径向应力和剪切路径4个因子、4种水平。试验结果表明,当黄土各向异性程度较小时应力路径对黄土的固结不排水抗剪强度有一定影响;基于正交设计的黄土三轴固结不排水剪试验的破坏点与普通三轴固结不排水剪试验（均压固结常规剪切）得到的破坏点处于一个条带内。黄土强度随含水率的变化规律与普通三轴固结不排水剪试验的相同。  相似文献   

基于微结构失稳假说及广义吸力理论的黄土体变模型     

刘旭  王兰民  陈龙珠  孙军杰 《岩土力学》2007,28(12):2517-2523

针对原状非饱和及饱和黄土的体积变形问题,提出了一个复合体计算模型。该模型将黄土看作由各自均匀分布于土中的原状部分和扰动部分组成的,这两部分土体的体积比率,可由黄土结构的微观几何模型、孔隙率密度曲线及考虑广义吸力的微结构失稳条件计算得出。假设原状部分仅发生弹性变形,扰动部分符合重塑土的变形规律。复合体的应变增量包括原状部分的弹性、重塑土的塑性及结构崩塌3部分;其中：结构崩塌变形特指微结构失稳时原状土体的孔隙率突然变为重塑土的孔隙率;重塑土的体积应变形采用广义吸力理论计算。采用不同的初始饱和度的黄土结构强度计算出非饱和土微观结构刚度与饱和度的函数,从而获得非饱和土黄土微观结构失稳的判别条件。分别计算了低含水天然非饱和及饱和黄土的压缩曲线,并与试验结果对比说明了模型的合理性。  相似文献   

A sedimentological proxy indicator linking changes in loess and deserts in the Quaternary   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  

Zhongli Ding  Jimin Sun  Dongsheng Liu 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》1999,42(2):146-152

From Yulin, which is located in the transitional zone between the Loess Plateau and the Mu Us desert, to Weinan in the southernmost part of the Loess Plateau, 9 loess sections were studied. Grain size analyses show that the advance-retreat changes of the deserts in northern China may be the most important factor controlling changes in the sand particle percentage of the loess-soil sequences during the last glacial-interglacial period. It is thus suggegted to use the sand grain content of loess deposits as a proxy indicator of desert variations. Applying this indicator to the last glacial loess deposits in the northwestern part of the Loess Plateau reveals that there were many millennial-scale cycles of the desert environments. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 49525230)  相似文献