毛乌素沙地南缘半固定沙丘风沙输移物特征     

王广涛  王训明  郎丽丽 《中国沙漠》2016,36(2):281-286

通过连续动态观测,获取毛乌素沙地南缘典型半固定沙丘表面风沙输移物,测量了风沙活动中不同沙丘部位的风蚀深度,并对风沙输移物及其养分进行了初步分析。结果表明:风沙活动期间沙丘顶部的风蚀深度最大,沙丘迎风坡次之,而丘间地的风蚀深度最小;沙丘顶部和迎风坡的输移物以中沙和细沙为主,养分含量较低,丘间地颗粒较细且养分含量较高;土壤养分含量与颗粒大小存在显著的负相关关系。迎风坡和丘顶处在风蚀亚环境而难以被植被固定,进而加速了风蚀过程;丘间地风沙活动较弱,风积物中养分含量较高的细颗粒物质促进了植被的发育,因而减弱了局地风速。  相似文献   

无定河上游河道对沙漠化的阻截效应     

颜明  张应华  贺莉  程维明  王随继  许炯心 《中国沙漠》2022,42(2):62-68

干旱向湿润转变的过渡区受到风力与水力的交互作用,交互作用形成的风水复合地貌显著区别于单一风力或水力形成的地貌,探究风力与水力的交互作用有助于对干旱-湿润过渡区地貌过程的理解.基于野外考察、遥感影像解译和沉积物粒度分析等手段,分析了无定河上游河道对毛乌素沙地东进的阻截效应,结果表明:(1)无定河上游河道的西侧以流动、半流...  相似文献   

Historical desertification of the Mu Us Desert, Northern China: A multidisciplinary study   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Yinzhou Huang  Nai-ang Wang  Tonghui He  Hongyi Chen  Liqiang Zhao 《Geomorphology》2009,110(3-4):108-117

The problem of historical desertification of the Mu Us desert, northern China has been paid considerable attention during the past several decades. Through the analysis of stratigraphic evidence, historical records and archaeological discoveries, this paper studied the problem using a multidisciplinary approach. The results show that two phases of serious desertification occurred during the last two millennia, one is during the mid-to-late Tang dynasty (about A.D. 800) and the other during the late Ming dynasty (about A.D. 1500–1600). Further investigation of the cause of each phase of desertification demonstrates that the former phase of desertification is closely related to abrupt climate change occurring in the mid-eighth century, but the latter, which started during the Ming dynasty and stopped at late 1980s, is not consistent with climatic causation. Therefore, we suggest that human activities contributed to the development of the latter phase of desertification.  相似文献   

陕西省榆林市秋冬季黑碳观测研究     

杜川利  李星敏  陈闯  王繁强  彭艳  董妍  董自鹏 《中国沙漠》2014,34(3):869-877

利用2011年秋冬季榆林大气成分站黑碳浓度、颗粒物质量浓度、大气能见度、地面气象资料,计算边界层高度、气溶胶吸收系数、大气消光系数,导出单次散射反照率,并对其进行分析讨论。结果表明：（1） 榆林秋冬季平均黑碳浓度为2.6 μg·m^-3。（2）黑碳占颗粒物质量浓度PM_1.0比值为10.6%,黑碳与颗粒物质量浓度PM_1.0、PM_2.5、PM₁₀相关系数分别为0.91、0.91、0.72。（3）黑碳浓度受边界层高度影响,沙漠风场对黑碳的堆积输送起主导作用。（4） 榆林地区气溶胶吸收系数与大气消光系数比值为16.8%。（5）单次散射反照率平均值为0.72。  相似文献   

毛乌素沙地现代流动沙丘沙的矿物成分     

胡观冠  李保生  温小浩  牛东风  郭亿华  郭元军  司月君  舒培仙 《中国沙漠》2014,34(6):1454-1460

对毛乌素沙地16个现代流动沙丘沙样品矿物分析结果进行归纳与研究.结果显示:(1)毛乌素沙地现代流动沙丘沙轻矿物占绝对优势,平均含量为94.8%,以石英、长石为主;重矿物所占比例很小,平均含量为1.6%,但种类较多,共含22种重矿物.(2)重矿物中2/3以上属硅酸盐类矿物,其含量前三的为角闪石、绿帘石、石榴子石;(3)重矿物以不稳定矿物和较稳定矿物占较高比例,绝大多数为硅酸盐类矿物,分别为100%和98.75%;(4)重矿物中硬矿物和极硬矿物含量高达80.17%,分别为61.57%和18.60%.结果还显示,轻矿物石英/长石含量比值(平均值为6.10)和重矿物矿物风化系数(平均值3.89)都较高,重矿物中造岩矿物(平均值26.7%)含量占近1/3.由此,并考虑到高含量的硬-极硬的重矿物的存在,表明其沉积时属于气候干冷、生物化学风化作用较弱的强风沙流环境.本文除证明了高含量的不稳定矿物和较稳定矿物与气候干旱具有本质上的联系外,还说明了干旱环境下沙丘沙中多种类、高含量的硬-极硬矿物的存在,极大地抑制了物理风化和生物化学两个方面的风化的难度,从而使其向土壤化根本逆转也很难.即使沙丘得以固定,由于其丘体的这种矿物组分,仍然难以消除潜在沙漠化的客观存在,故土地沙漠化引起生态环境的退化实际上也与沙丘沙碎屑矿物的物理性质具有本质上的联系.因此,干冷多风的气候条件及其导致的沙丘沙所具有的物质组成的特殊性应该是土地沙漠化的两个不可或缺的原因.  相似文献   

毛乌素沙地现代人为活动的生态环境效应研究进展   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李娜  颜长珍 《中国沙漠》2015,35(2):487-492

毛乌素沙地地处中国北方农牧交错带,是典型的生态环境脆弱区。随着农牧业的发展、能源开发以及区域政策措施的实施等人为活动的增强,该地区生态环境发生了显著变化,人为活动产生了相应的生态环境效应。本文通过梳理国内外对毛乌素沙地生态环境效应的研究进展,从土地沙漠化、土地利用/覆被变化、植被演变3个方面系统总结了该地区的人为活动(重点关注人口变化、自然资源开发及重大环境工程的实施)对生态环境产生的正效应和负效应,并总结了该区域有关人为活动的生态环境效应评价的研究成果及存在的问题等。这可为进一步在该区域开展环境保护的实践与研究工作提供参考。  相似文献   

毛乌素沙地丘间低地主要植物叶片性状及其相互关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱媛君  杨劼  万俊华  张璞进  牛明丽  赵利清  清华 《中国沙漠》2015,35(6):1496-1504

以毛乌素沙地丘间低地30种主要植物为研究对象,比较不同功能群植物叶片性状的变异特征,分析植物叶片各性状之间的关系。结果表明:30种植物的比叶面积的变异系数最大,比叶面积与叶片干物质含量呈现极显著的负相关关系,叶片干物质含量与叶片碳含量呈显著的正相关关系,叶氮含量与叶片碳氮比呈极显著负相关关系,叶面积与其他所有的叶片性状都无相关性。比叶面积、叶片干物质含量、叶面积、叶氮含量和叶碳含量在不同功能群之间存在显著差异,叶片碳氮比在不同功能群之间没有显著差异。研究结果有助于了解毛乌素沙地丘间低地环境变化对植物种群的作用,增进对丘间低地植被演变特征的认识。  相似文献   

A preliminary quantitative reconstruction of precipitation in southern Mu Us sandy land at margin of Asian monsoon-dominated region during late Quaternary     

Yingyong CHEN  Huayu LU  Shuangwen YI  Enlou ZHANG  Zhiwei XU  Kaifeng YU  A. MASON Joseph 《地理学报(英文版)》2015,25(3):301-310

We present the first quantitative estimation of monsoon precipitation during the late glacial-Holocene in the sandy land of northern China, based on organic carbon isotopic composition data from a loess-sand sequence at margin of the Mu Us sandy land. We use the relationship between monsoon precipitation and the carbon isotopic composition of modern soils as an analogue, with a minor modification, to reconstruct precipitation back to c. 47 ka ago. The preliminary results indicate that annual monsoon precipitation was high after 8 ka, with an average of 435 mm; and it decreased during 18 and 8 ka with a mean value of 194 mm. The precipitation value of 47-18 ka varied between the two. We compare the reconstructed precipitation with other records and paleoclimatic modeling results, showing that our record agrees with reconstructions of the monsoon precipitation from other sources, even capturing short climatic events such as the Younger Dryas. We suggest that solar irradiance, high-latitude temperature/ice volume and local evaporation have together modified moistures in the sandy land.  相似文献   

Sand stabilization effect of feldspathic sandstone during the fallow period in Mu Us Sandy Land   总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2  

Jichang HAN  Yansui LIU  Yang ZHANG 《地理学报(英文版)》2015,25(4):428-436

Depended on the analysis of ground snow situation, soil moisture loss speed and soil structure after planting crops of Mu Us Sandy Land remedied with feldspathic sandstone in the fallow period, it is concluded that feldspathic sandstone mixed with sand improved the sand stabilization in the governance of Mu Us Sandy Land in the fallow period. The sandy land remedied with feldspathic sandstone had big snow coverage, 25%-75% higher than normal sand; soil moisture losses slowed down, and moisture content rose by over 3 times; soil structure had been improved, and water stable aggregate content increased by 6.52%-18.04%; survival rate of protection forest increased to 85%; and ground flatness is less than 1%. The above conditions weakened sand rising conditions of Mu Us Sandy Land in the fallow period and formed two protective layers of snow cover and soil frozen layer under cold weather so as to prevent against wind erosion.  相似文献   

毛乌素沙地土壤凝结水来源分析   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

李洪波  白爱宁  张国盛  王林和  杨新林  张瑜 《中国沙漠》2010,30(2):241-246

土壤凝结水是半干旱地区生态系统重要的水源,为阐明毛乌素沙地臭柏(Sabina vulgaris)冠层下土壤表层5 cm凝结水的水汽来源,应用自制凝结试筒于2008年9—10月在毛乌素沙地开发整治研究中心院内开展试验。结果表明,毛乌素沙地土壤表层凝结水由吸湿水、大气水汽凝结水和土壤水汽凝结水组成;大气中的水汽总是先于土壤中的水汽到达和离开表层5 cm土壤;大气中水汽对土壤表层5 cm凝结水的贡献率小于土壤水汽的贡献率,9月上旬至中旬大气中水汽和土壤水汽的贡献比为2∶5,9月下旬至10月中旬为3∶10;单日凝结量和蒸发量呈现显著的线性关系。  相似文献