中国国家自然地图集Internet版的设计和研制     

池天河  齐清文  廖克  王雷 《地理科学进展》2001,20(Z1):46-51

本文系统阐述了国家自然地图集Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ版的设计和研制过程中的若干问题,包括系统的概念设计、系统开发中的ＷｅｂＧＩＳ技术和策略,系统的主要功能和特色,以及系统维护和更新方案等。本系统从概念设计来看分为服务器端软件模块、浏览器端软件模块、国家自然地图集数据库支持等几个部分。系统开发中采取的ＷｅｂＧＩＳ技术和策略有:兼顾服务器端和客户端的综合型ＷｅｂＧＩＳ策略,基于Ｊａｖａ Ａｐｐｌｅｔ的 ＷｅｂＧＩＳ浏览器开发技术,基于Ｍａｐ Ｏｂｊｅｃｔ(ＭＯ)的ＷｅｂＧＩＳ服务器开发技术等３个方面。在系统的主要功能特色方面,本文从以下５个方面进行了论述:科学有序的内容结构、清晰精练并带导航的界面、富有特色的信息查询功能、多重表达的地图可视化效果、一定的空间信息分析和制图功能。在系统维护和更新方案上,本文从网络技术、数据更新、功能开发３个方面介绍了计划,并对今后的发展趋势进行了展望。  相似文献   

基坑支护组合钢支撑设计与施工技术     

张建  尹桂明 《江苏地质》2001,25(3):161-165

通过镇江市邮电通信指挥中心大楼深基坑工程的设计与施工,全面介绍了组合钢支撑在深基坑支护工程应用中的设计、施工方法及支撑效果.实践证明,组合钢支撑是一种施工方法简单、施工速度快、对周边环境影响小、安全可靠的支撑形式,具有较强的市场竞争能力及良好的推广应用前景.  相似文献   

Estimation of surface latent heat fluxes from IRS-P4/MSMR satellite data     

Randhir Singh  B. Simon  P. C. Joshi 《Journal of Earth System Science》2001,110(3):231-238

The brightness temperatures of the Microwave sensor MSMR (Multichannel Scanning Microwave Radiometer) launched in May 1999 onboard Indian Oceansat-1 IRS-P4 are used to develop a direct retrieval method for latent heat flux by multivariate regression technique. The MSMR measures the microwave radiances at 8 channels at frequencies of 6.6, 10.7, 18 and 21 GHz at both vertical and horizontal polarizations. It is found that the surface LHF (Latent Heat Flux) is sensitive to all the channels. The coefficients were derived using the National Centre for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data of three months: July, September, November of 1999. The NCEP daily analyzed latent heat fluxes and brightness temperatures observed by MSMR were used to derive the coefficients. Validity of the derived coefficients was checked within situ observations over the Indian Ocean and with NCEP analyzed LHF for global points. The LHF derived directly from the MSMR brightness temperature (Tb) yielded an accuracy of 35 watt/m². LHF was also computed by applying bulk formula using the geophysical parameters extracted from MSMR. In this case the errors were higher apparently due to the errors involved in derivation of the geophysical parameters.  相似文献   

我国国家重力网的系统转换     

丁行斌  陆仲连  孙风华  陈春旺 《测绘学院学报》1996,(4)

本文分析了我国１９５７年国家重力网的精度和问题，探讨了国家重力网的系统转换模式，利用现有的新旧重力网的重合点实际数据进行了回归分析、方差分析和系统误差检验，结果表明在“５７网”与“８５网”之间，除了—１３．５８ｍｇａｌ的平均基准差之外，并不存在其它明显的系统误差，特别是看不出有尺度系统差的影响，也不存在差值随纬度变化的任何规律。因此认为将“５７网”系统转换成“８５网”系统时，可以不必加“尺度系统差改正”，更不用考虑“非线性系统差改正”，建议一律只加一项“基准系统差改正”，其数值应该采用—１３．５８ｍｇａｌ。  相似文献   

区域持续发展的理论基础—陆地系统科学   总被引：29，自引：2，他引：29  

黄秉维  陈传康 《地理学报》1996,51(5):445-453

对区域持续发展的研究是持续发展深化的必由之路。区域持续发展研究的理论基础是对地球表层自然与人文各种要素的综合规律的揭示，即陆地系统科学。对持续发展广泛深入地研究既是地理科学责无旁贷的任务，也可促进其进一步发展。  相似文献   

中国沿海地区国民收入预测的新组合模型     

刘玉龙  陆大道 《地理科学》1996,16(4):305-311

着重讨论一种基于灰色ＧＭ（１，１）模型及国民收入决定函数模型而建立的新组合模型。该模型建模方法简单，组合性强，并且在各模型的拟合精度提高。该模型汲取了灰色ＧＭ（１，１）模型模拟国民收入变化趋势的优点和国民收入决定函数模型模拟国民收入波动的优点，使组合模型不但在趋势上符合国民收入的发展，而且也给出了在波动方面的比较一致的模拟。  相似文献   

Quantitative assessment of future development of cooper/silver resources in the Kootenai National Forest,Idaho/Montana: Part I—Estimation of the copper and silver endowments     

Gregory T. Spanski 《Natural Resources Research》1992,1(2):163-183

Faced with an ever-increasing diversity of demand for the use of public lands, managers and planners are turning more often to a multiple-use approach to meet those demands. This approach requires the uses to be mutually compatible and to utilize the more valuable attributes or resource values of the land. Therefore, it is imperative that planners be provided with all available information on attribute and resource values in a timely fashion and in a format that facilitates a comparative evaluation.The Kootenai National Forest administration enlisted the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Bureau of Mines to perform a quantitative assessment of future copper/silver production potential within the forest from sediment-hosted copper deposits in the Revett Formation that are similar to those being mined at the Troy Mine near Spar Lake. The U.S. Geological Survey employed a quantitative assessment technique that compared the favorable host terrane in the Kootenai area with worldwide examples of known sediment-hosted copper deposits. The assessment produced probabilistic estimates of the number of undiscovered deposits that may be present in the area and of the copper and silver endowment that might be contained in them.Results of the assessment suggest that the copper/silver deposit potential is highest in the southwestern one-third of the forest. In this area there is an estimated 50 percent probability of at least 50 additional deposits occurring mostly within approximately 260,000 acres where the Revett Formation is thought to be present in the subsurface at depths of less than 1,500 meters. A Monte Carlo type simulation using data on the grade and tonnage characteristics of other known silver-rich, sediment-hosted copper deposits predicts a 50 percent probability that these undiscovered deposits will contain at least 19 million tonnes of copper and 100,000 tonnes of silver. Combined with endowments estimated for identified, but not thoroughly explored deposits, and deposits that might also occur in the remaining area of the forest, the endowment potential increases to 23 million tonnes of copper and 190,000 tonnes of silver.  相似文献   

The study of the undiscovered mineral resources of the Tongass National Forest and adjacent lands,Southeastern Alaska     

David A. Brew  Lawrence J. Drew  Stephen D. Ludington 《Natural Resources Research》1992,1(4):303-322

The quantitative probabilistic assessment of the undiscovered mineral resources of the 17.1-million-acre Tongass National Forest (the largest in the United States) and its adjacent lands is a nonaggregated, mineral-resource-tract-oriented assessment designed for land-planning purposes. As such, it includes the renewed use of gross-in-place values (GIPV's) in dollars of the estimated amounts of metal contained in the undiscovered resources as a measure for land-use planning.Southeastern Alaska is geologically complex and contains a wide variety of known mineral deposits, some of which have produced important amounts of metals during the past 100 years. Regional geological, economic geological, geochemical, geophysical, and mineral exploration history information for the region was integrated to define 124 tracts likely to contain undiscovered mineral resources. Some tracts were judged to contain more than one type of mineral deposit. Each type of deposit may contain one or more metallic elements of economic interest. For tracts where information was sufficient, the minimum number of as-yet-undiscovered deposits of each type was estimated at probability levels of 0.95, 0.90, 0.50, 0.10, and 0.05.The undiscovered mineral resources of the individual tracts were estimated using the U.S. Geological Survey's MARK3 mineral-resource endowment simulator; those estimates were used to calculate GIPV's for the individual tracts. Those GIPV's were aggregated to estimate the value of the undiscovered mineral resources of southeastern Alaska. The aggregated GIPV of the estimates is $40.9 billion.Analysis of this study indicates that (1) there is only a crude positive correlation between the size of individual tracts and their mean GIPV's: and (2) the number of mineral-deposit types in a tract does not dominate the GIPV's of the tracts, but the inferred presence of synorogenic-synvolcanic nickel-copper, porphyry copper skarn-related, iron skarn, and porphyry copper-molybdenum deposits does. The influence of this study on the U.S. Forest Service planning process is yet to be determined.  相似文献   

THE MEDIUM-RANGE NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION OPERATION SYSTEM IN THE CHINA NATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL CENTER          下载免费PDF全文

Li Zechun 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1995,9(3):373-384

It is not only meteorological problems for the medium-range numerical weather prediction(NWP) research to be in operation,but also engineering and technological problems.Here we gener-ally described the results of research,engineering construction,operation information and testing,inthe course of set-up of medium-range NWP operation system in the China National MeteorologicalCenter.  相似文献   

Weathering of sulfidic shale and copper mine waste: secondary minerals and metal cycling in Great Smoky Mountains National Park,Tennessee, and North Carolina,USA   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Jane?M.?HammarstromEmail author  Robert?R.?SealII  Allen?L.?Meier  John?C.?Jackson 《Environmental Geology》2003,45(1):35-57

Metal cycling via physical and chemical weathering of discrete sources (copper mines) and regional (non-point) sources (sulfide-rich shale) is evaluated by examining the mineralogy and chemistry of weathering products in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee, and North Carolina, USA. The elements in copper mine waste, secondary minerals, stream sediments, and waters that are most likely to have negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems are aluminum, copper, zinc, and arsenic because these elements locally exceed toxicity guidelines for surface waters or for stream sediments. Acid-mine drainage has not developed in streams draining inactive copper mines. Acid-rock drainage and chemical weathering processes that accompany debris flows or human disturbances of sulfidic rocks are comparable to processes that develop acid-mine drainage elsewhere. Despite the high rainfall in the mountain range, sheltered areas and intermittent dry spells provide local venues for development of secondary weathering products that can impact aquatic ecosystems.Electronic Supplementary Material  Supplementary material is available for this article if you access the article at . A link in the frame on the left on that page takes you directly to the supplementary material.

Jane M. HammarstromEmail: Phone: +1-703-6486165Fax: +1-703-6486252

  相似文献