黄土高原地貌类型界线划定研究进展     

丁小花  王琤  席俊杰  王朝  岳程瑜  张青峰 《地球信息科学学报》2022,24(7):1219-1233

区分地理实体最直接有效的方式在于对其界线作出划定。目前,黄土高原地貌类型界线划定多是在分类基础上按照分类界线、自然区划界线来界定。基于不同数据源及其表达方式,本文追踪前人对黄土高原地貌类型界线划定的研究进展,从形态成因的地貌分类、数字地貌分类等分类体系中总结了黄土地貌类型界线的内涵,分析了基于自然语言和数字环境下定量描述的优缺点和存在的问题;并梳理了黄土地貌类型界线的表示方法以及基于数字地形分析技术的地貌类型定量识别及其划分方法;从地貌界线确定与分类体系的关系、地貌界线划定的理论与方法参考、地貌界线划定的尺度效应3个方面对地貌类型界线做出了讨论分析与展望,以期为黄土地貌区划的相关理论研究提供背景基础,为当地实践工作等提供理论依据和支撑。  相似文献   

阿尔金山及其毗邻地区构造地貌的形成和演化   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

李志中 《地理研究》1994,13(3):35-43

在新构造运动中复活的阿尔金走滑断裂带制约着本区构造地貌的分布格局和发育过程.阿尔金山即是该断裂带所控制的断块发生强烈上升而成的差异性断决山地,以阿尔金山为轴成反对称分布的区域地貌格局也是阿尔金走滑断裂带发生大规模左旋平移和逆冲推覆的产物.本区构造地貌演化则经历了三个阶段,其间断块上升活动西强东弱并自西向东发展,因而形成阿尔金山西高东低的起伏形态.  相似文献   

美国Zion国家公园红层地貌发育研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

潘志新  彭华  任舫  John ENCARNACION 《地球学报》2016,37(1):116-126

随着中国红层和丹霞地貌研究逐步走向国际,国内学者走出国门去认识和了解国外的红层及其地貌发育显得尤为必要。Zion国家公园是美国西部红层的典型代表,在干旱气候环境下发育了高原-峡谷景观。本文通过野外考察和岩样分析,从地质构造、岩性特征和外动力等方面来探讨Zion公园的红层地貌发育机制。研究表明:Zion公园为科罗拉多高原西部边缘的断块山地,公园内褶皱很少,断层稀疏,但节理密集,控制了峡谷群的发育。公园内地貌发育的主体地层为红层,主要形成于侏罗纪,其沉积环境复杂多变,兼具滨/浅海、河流、湖泊和沙漠等。岩性特征上,Zion公园的红层以细砂岩和粉砂岩为主。其中,形成崖壁的主要为风成相石英砂岩,但各段岩石的胶结特性不同,导致其岩石强度和颜色有较大差异。此外,还发现Zion公园红层的岩石强度和山体坡度并不呈正相关关系,它还与岩性是否均一有关。细粒均一的风成相砂岩和河流相Springdale段砂岩发育成陡崖,其余含有软岩夹层的岩层只能形成缓坡。外动力方面,流水下切是主导因素,同时流水侧蚀和地下水的基蚀作用等对Zion公园的地貌发育也有重要影响。  相似文献   

Timing of the Yangtze initiation draining the Tibetan Plateau throughout to the East China Sea:oa review     

Daidu FAN  Congxian LI 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2008,(3)

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Landform and sediment imprints of fast glacier flow in the southwest Laurentide Ice Sheet     

David J. A. Evans  Chris D. Clark  Brice R. Rea 《第四纪科学杂志》2008,23(3):249-272

Evidence for former fast glacier flow (ice streaming) in the southwest Laurentide Ice Sheet is identified on the basis of regional glacial geomorphology and sedimentology, highlighting the depositional processes associated with the margin of a terrestrial terminating ice stream. Preliminary mapping from a digital elevation model of Alberta identifies corridors of smoothed topography and corridor‐parallel streamlined landforms (megaflutes to mega‐lineations) that display high levels of spatial coherency. Ridges that lie transverse to the dominant streamlining patterns are interpreted as: (a) series of minor recessional push moraines; (b) thrust block moraines or composite ridges/hill–hole pairs constructed during readvances/surges; and (c) overridden moraines (cupola hills), apparently of thrust origin. Together these landforms demarcate the beds and margins of former fast ice flow trunks or ice streams that terminated as lobate forms. Localised cross‐cutting and/or misalignment of flow sets indicates temporal separation and the overprinting of ice streams/lobes. The fast‐flow tracks are separated by areas of interlobate or inter‐stream terrain in which moraines have been constructed at the margins of neighbouring (competing) ice streams/outlet glaciers; this inter‐stream terrain was covered by more sluggish, non‐streaming ice during full glacial conditions. Thin tills at the centres of the fast‐flow corridors, in many places unconformably overlying stratified sediments, suggest that widespread till deformation may have been subordinate to basal sliding in driving fast ice flow but the general thickening of tills towards the lobate terminal margins of ice streams/outlet glaciers is consistent with subglacial deformation theory. In this area of relatively low relief we speculate that fast glacier flow or streaming was highly dynamic and transitory, sometimes with fast‐flowing trunks topographically fixed in their onset zones and with the terminus migrating laterally. The occurrence of minor push moraines and flutings and associated landforms, because of their similarity to modern active temperate glacial landsystems, are interpreted as indicative of ice lobe marginal oscillations, possibly in response to seasonal climatic forcing, in locations where meltwater was more effectively drained from the glacier bed. Further north, the occurrence of surging glacier landsystems suggests that persistent fast glacier flow gave way to more transitory surging, possibly in response to the decreasing size of ice reservoir areas in dispersal centres and also locally facilitated by ice‐bed decoupling and drawdown initiated by the development of ice‐dammed lakes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于MODIS的新疆地表温度时空变化特征分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

康紫薇  张正勇  刘琳  王统霞  田浩  陈泓瑾  张雪莹 《地理研究》2022,41(4):997-1017

地表温度（LST）作为陆地环境相互作用过程研究中的重要地学参量,其时空分异与下垫面属性、地形地貌格局等息息相关。本文基于2000—2020年MOD11C3数据,采用GIS空间分析、空间重心模型及改进的半径法等手段,对新疆地区月、季、年及昼夜等序列时空尺度LST的分布特征及变化趋势进行研究,并借助LUCC、DEM等多源遥感数据进一步探讨各类下垫面、不同地貌单元及部分典型区域的LST垂直递减率、增减温及热（冷）岛效应等地理特征。结果表明：① 研究期间新疆年均LST为9.45 ℃,呈减温和增温趋势的区域分别占研究区面积的13.3%和86.7%,增温区域占绝大部分,故近20年研究区整体呈升温趋势（0.024 ℃·a^-1）,较全国高出约0.01 ℃·a^-1,其中春季增幅最大,冬季次之;夜间LST变化明显强于白天,春、夏两季昼夜温差均大于23.7 ℃,而冬季最小（约15 ℃）;研究区年际高、低温重心迁移轨迹大多分布于LST变幅较大区域,各月LST空间分布及高低温重心转移轨迹均表现出以7月为中点的年内强对称性规律。② 不同下垫面地表冷热环境空间分布差异较显著。其中以荒漠和裸土为主的未利用地年均LST最高（13.42 ℃）且昼夜温差最大（23.6 ℃）,高寒区冰川年均LST最低（-7 ℃）且昼夜温差（14.3 ℃）最小,其他下垫面年均LST在2.6~11 ℃之间,昼夜温差较小且较一致（平均16.75 ℃）。③ 东西走向的“三山夹两盆”地貌结构,使新疆LST的纬度地带规律被大幅削弱。研究区各山区（群）LST垂直递减率不尽相同,地处较高纬的阿尔泰山递变（0.63 ℃/100 m）最明显,山体高大的帕喀昆阿山群递变（0.57 ℃/100 m）次之,天山山脉递变（0.54 ℃/100 m）最小。另外各山区（群）山麓处均出现了不同程度的逆温现象,而山腰处LST垂直递减率线性拟合效果最佳。④ 本研究所选取的部分典型城市大都表现出不同程度的热岛效应。其中乌鲁木齐市热岛效应最为强烈,伊宁市其次,哈密市最微弱,而阿克苏市则表现出绿洲城市冷岛效应,但各城市热（冷）岛效应均存在一定环数（8环）范围的冷、热岛足迹。  相似文献   

蒙古戈壁天山断裂带晚新生代构造变形与构造地貌研究          下载免费PDF全文

杨顺虎苗来成  朱明帅李兴波 李景晨 《中国地质》2014,41(4):1159-1166

跨越中蒙边境线的戈壁天山断裂带是一条大型左旋走滑断裂带,东西展布约700 km。通过解译分析Landsat ETM卫星遥感影像和SRTM数字高程模型(DEM)数据,对戈壁天山断裂带晚新生代构造活动及其地貌特征进行了研究。结果表明,沿戈壁天山断裂带发育了一系列断层陡坎、系统的水系错位、挤压脊等典型的走滑构造地貌类型。遥感影像解译结果还显示3处系统水系错位,均受戈壁天山断裂左旋走滑运动的影响,表现出系统的左旋水平位错。结合历史地震数据、先存的基底构造和断层系统,本区地震活动性呈现出不可预测性和复杂性。此外,发育在断裂带上的3个大型挤压脊构造中:Karlik Tagh和Gurvan Sayhan就位于走滑断裂的终端,其走滑分量减弱并逐渐转为以逆冲分量为主的构造特征。Nemegt Uul位于2条不连续的走滑断裂的汇合和叠置部位。走滑断层均穿过了挤压脊构造,同时伴随有逆冲作用分量,造成了挤压脊沿走向和垂直走向上的构造地貌生长,显示了是陆内造山带演化的重要过程。  相似文献   

五台山冰缘地貌植物群落多样性分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

吕秀枝  郭东罡  上官铁梁 《冰川冻土》2010,32(3)

采用双向指示种分析法(TWINSPAN),将五台山7个冰缘地貌的植物群落划分为13个群丛.不同冰缘地貌植物群落类型的组成多样性有明显差异,根据13个群丛在不同冰缘地貌的分布状况,可区分为共有性群丛和专有性群丛.运用丰富度指数、物种多样性指数和均匀度指数对五台山7个冰缘地貌的综合群落多样性指数变化进行了分析,依据不同冰缘地貌植物群落综合多样性指数的大小排序,依次为冻融草丘石海石环冻融剥蚀面石河岩柱泥流坡坎和泥流舌.冰缘地貌的海拔、土层厚度、水分热量是影响植物群落植物种多样性指数变化的主要因素.  相似文献   

Morphology and origin of an evaporitic dome in the eastern Tithonium Chasma, Mars     

Davide Baioni  Forese Carlo Wezel 《Planetary and Space Science》2010,58(5):847-857

A 3.4 km-high, dome-shaped upland in eastern Tithonium Chasma (TC) coincides with areas containing abundant surface signatures of the sulphate mineral kiersite, as identified by the OMEGA image spectrometer. The dome has surface features on its summit, flanks, and at its base that were apparently formed by liquid water released from melting ice. These features include a variety of karst landforms as well as erosive and depositional landforms. The surface of the dome has few impact craters, which suggests a relatively young age for the dome. Rock layers in the dome are laterally continuous but are visibly deformed in some places. The mineralogical and structural characteristics of the dome suggest that it was emplaced as a diapir, similar to many salt diapirs on Earth.  相似文献   

HUMAN MODIFICATION OF KOREAN LANDFORMS FOR GEOMANTIC PURPOSES*     

HONG‐KEY YOON 《Geographical review》2011,101(2):243-260

The geomantic idea of chosan pibo is a particular way of remedying the inadequacies of a geomantic landscape by building small mounds of earth or stones and has been a significant motivation for modifying the environment in Korea. This idea is a part of ancient Chinese geomancy, or feng shui, for determining auspicious sites. Historically, three principal geomantic means have been used to compensate for shortcomings at an auspicious site: building religious structures, such as temples; creating hills, planting trees, or changing directions of watercourses; or making other symbolic gestures, such as naming objects and places. In this article I concentrate on the second, modifying landforms to compensate for the geomantic shortcomings of a place. The quasi‐religious zeal shown by feng shui practitioners in Korea to improve the local geomantic landscape is worthy of comparing and contrasting with the European Christian idea, held by medieval monastic monks, that humanity is a partner of God in improving the environment.  相似文献