Analyzing forest effects on runoff and sediment production using leaf area index     

WU Xiao-Xia  GU Zhu-Jun  LUO Hao  SHI Xue-Zheng  YU Dong-Sheng 《山地科学学报》2014,11(1):119-130

Quantifying the effects of forests on water and soil conservation helps further understanding of ecological functions and improving vegetation reconstruction in water-eroded areas.Studies on the effects of vegetation on water and soil conservation have generally focused on vegetation types or vegetation horizontal distribution densities.However,only a few studies have used indicators that consider the vegetation vertical distribution.This study used the leaf area index(LAI) to investigate the relationship between forests and water and soil conservation in experimental plots.From 2007 to 2010,rainfall characteristics,LAI,and water and soil loss in 144 natural erosive rainfall events were measured from five pure tree plots(Pinus massoniana).These tree plots were located in Hetian Town,Changting County,Fujian Province,which is a typical water-eroded area in Southern China.Quadratic polynomial regression models for LAI and water/soil conservation effects(RE/SE) were established for each plot.The RE and SE corresponded to the ratios of the runoff depth(RD) and the soil loss(SL) of each pure tree plot to those of the control plot under each rainfall event.The transformation LAIs of the LAI–RE and LAI–SE curves,as well as the rainfall characteristics for the different water/soil conservation effects,were computed.The increasing LAI resulted in descending,descending–ascending,ascending–descending,and ascending trends in the LAI–RE and LAI–SE curves.The rainfall frequencies corresponding to each trend of LAI–RE and LAI–SE were different,and the rainfall distributions were not uniform per year.The effects of soil conservation in the plots were superior to those of water conservation.Most of the RE and SE values presented a positive effect on water and soil conservation.The main factor that caused different effects was rainfall intensity.During heavy rains(e.g.,rainfall erosivity R = 145 MJ mm/ha h and maximum 30 min intensity I30 = 13 mm/h),the main effects were positive,whereas light rains(e.g.,R = 70 MJ mm/ha h and I30 = 8 mm/h) generally led to negative effects.When the rainfall erosivity was lower than that of the positive or the negative effects to a threshold and the tree LAI reached a transformation value,the relationships between LAI and RE or SE notably transformed.Results showed that the plottransformation LAIs for water and soil conservation during rainfall events were both approximately 1.0 in our study.These results could be used to come up with a more efficient way to alleviate water and soil loss in water-eroded areas.  相似文献   

章古台固沙造林技术与效益评价   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10  

邢兆凯  焦树仁 《中国沙漠》1999,19(2):179-183

章古台从1955年开始引种樟子松进行育苗造林试验,至60年代初期引种造林成功后,又于70年代后期在内蒙古敖汉旗扩大引种造林,获得成功。近年樟子松人工林出现了生长减缓现象,主要是由于造林选地不适和经营不善所引起的。樟子松扩大引种造林的技术关键是采取乔灌草型,等宽隔带式造林模式,降水量不低于300~350mm,土壤含水率不低于2.0%~2.5%。土壤类型为生草风沙土、栗钙土型风沙土和黑土型风沙土,pH值为6.8~8.3。造林时间比正常拖后至4月8日~20日之间,2a生苗造林深度以25~35cm为宜,苗木根长以25cm左右为佳,苗木运输前应沾泥浆进行包装。植苗时放在苗木罐中以防根系风干,剔除不合格苗木,造林时铲除干土层或干草皮。对松树幼株进行埋土越冬处理。  相似文献   

武夷山黄山松林主要种群的地形格局   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

宋萍  洪伟  吴承祯  封磊  兰思仁 《山地学报》2005,23(5):631-635

根据样地调查所获得的基本数据,探讨了武夷山黄山松林8个主要种群沿小地形梯度的格局特征。结果显示：黄山松种群重要值随海拔梯度的增加呈上升趋势,在〉1550m海拔梯度上显示出明显的优势地位,其在各坡度梯度和坡向梯度上优势地位都很明显;揭示了黄山松林8个主要种群沿山地地形梯度的数量变化特征及其分布的间断状况,显示了彼此之间鲜明的地形格局差异,反映出各主要种群对地形环境的适应力及其差异。  相似文献   

Solutes in overland flow following fire in eucalyptus and pine forests,northern Portugal     

Andrew D. Thomas  Rory P. D. Walsh  Richard A. Shakesby 《水文研究》2000,14(5):971-985

Small bounded plots were used to investigate dissolved nutrient losses in overland flow in eucalyptus and pine forests in northern Portugal following understorey fires. Losses of NON, POCa²⁺, Mg²⁺ and K⁺ were measured over 19 months during the first 2–3 years after fire. Solute losses in overland flow increased after fire in eucalyptus and pine terrain due to the mineralization of litter and vegetation and increased overland flow. The data suggest that (i) elevated losses persist for at least 2 and 3 years at the pine and eucalyptus sites respectively and (ii) soluble losses of POK⁺ in a post‐fire cycle may exceed those adsorbed to eroded material. Losses of POalthough relatively small, are potentially the most detrimental to soil fertility and forest productivity because of the limited opportunity for P replenishment and correspondingly high P losses adsorbed to eroded sediment. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

科尔沁沙地樟子松人工林土壤粒径分布特征          下载免费PDF全文

陈宇轩  张飞岳  高广磊  丁国栋  张英  刘雪锋 《干旱区地理》2020,43(4):1051-1058

为揭示科尔沁沙地不同林龄沙地樟子松人工林对风沙土粒径分布特征的影响,以中龄、近熟和成熟沙地樟子松人工林风沙土为研究对象,以裸沙地风沙土为实验对照,采用激光衍射技术测定土壤样品粒度组成,计算分析土壤粒度参数特征,绘制土壤粒配曲线。结果显示：（1） 科尔沁沙地樟子松人工林风沙土以砂粒为主,其次是粉粒,黏粒含量最少。随林龄的增长,土壤黏粒、粉粒含量呈增加趋势,砂粒含量呈减少趋势。裸沙地风沙土砂粒含量多高于同层林地土壤。（2） 科尔沁沙地樟子松人工林风沙土质地较粗,分选性较差,偏度值多为正偏度,峰度值多为尖窄,0~10 cm和10~20 cm风沙土分形维数分别为2.18~2.43和1.98~2.17。裸沙地风沙土质地更粗,分选性更好,分形维数更小。（3） 科尔沁沙地樟子松人工林风沙土的粒度频率分布曲线均为双峰型。随林龄的增长,10~20 cm风沙土的土壤颗粒细化滞后于0~10 cm。林地悬移组分的含量高于裸沙地,裸沙地跃移组分的分选性高于林地。科尔沁沙地不同樟子松人工林风沙土粒径分布特征存在显著差异,本研究结果可为科尔沁沙地土地沙漠化防治及生态修复提供理论依据。  相似文献   

秦巴山区马尾松林和油松林的空间分布及亚热带与暖温带界线划分   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1  

姚永慧  寇志翔  胡宇凡  张百平 《地理学报》2020,75(11):2298-2306

秦岭不仅是中国南北的地理分界线,也是中国亚热带和暖温带的气候分界线,在中国地理生态格局中占有重要的地位和作用。由于过渡带的复杂性、过渡性和异质性以及划分指标、研究目的的不同,学术界关于这一南北地理—生态分界线的具体位置一直有争论。为了进一步揭示秦巴山区过渡带的特征,明确中国南北地理—生态分界线的位置,本文选择马尾松（Pinus massoniana）林和油松（Pinus tabulaeformis）林这两类分别代表中国南方亚热带针叶林和北方温带针叶林的植被,结合研究区SRTM地形数据、气温和降水数据等,以年降水、最冷月（1月）气温、最热月（7月）气温和年均温为气候指标,详细分析了这两类植被在秦巴山区的空间分布及二者分界线处的气候条件。结果表明：① 马尾松林和油松林的分界线及相应位置的气候指标可以作为亚热带与暖温带界线划分的植被—气候指标之一。秦巴山区亚热带针叶林（马尾松林）与温带针叶林（油松林）的分界线位于伏牛山南坡至汉中盆地北缘一线（秦岭南坡）海拔1000~1200 m处;分界线处气候指标稳定：年降水750~1000 mm,年均温12~14 ℃,最冷月气温0~4 ℃,最热月气温22~26 ℃。② 通过综合的植被—气候指标来划分秦巴山区亚热带和暖温带的界线,能更科学地确定气候带分界线的位置及过渡带的特征,更全面地反映地表植被—气候格局的变化。此外,秦巴山区亚热带与暖温带的界线应该是由亚热带与暖温带针叶林分界线、阔叶林分界线、灌丛分界线等组成的一个过渡带。本文的研究结果为亚热带与暖温带划分指标的选取提供了一定的科学依据。  相似文献   

无人机遥感影像林地单株立木信息提取   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

董新宇  李家国  陈瀚阅  赵磊  张黎明  邢世和 《遥感学报》2019,23(6):1269-1280

针对无人机遥感技术在提取单株立木信息的限制性问题,提出一种新的自动单株立木信息提取方法。对原始无人机影像进行光谱信息增强处理以突出局部细节特征;通过引入DBI指数自动化确定K-means聚类方法的最优聚类数目,进而对影像像素进行标记;通过利用高斯马尔可夫随机场模型进一步对影像进行分割;使用数学形态学算子等方法对分割结果进行后处理得到单株立木树冠信息,通过图像几何矩原理计算得到单株立木位置以作为其识别的依据。结果表明,应用该提取方法,油松林区和樟子松林区单株立木识别总体精度分别为89.52%和95.65%、单木树冠提取精度分别为81.90%和95.65%,均具有较好地适用性。该方法不需要大量的人工干预和先验知识的输入,大大提高提取方法的自动化程度。  相似文献