Biogenic emissions from Pinus halepensis: a typical species of the Mediterranean area   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

V. Simon  L. Dumergues  G. Solignac  L. Torres 《Atmospheric Research》2005,74(1-4):37-48

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions by vegetation present in the Mediterranean area are not well known. They may contribute with anthropogenic VOC emissions to the tropospheric ozone formation that reaches important level in the European Mediterranean region. The present work, carried out as part of the European ESCOMPTE project «fiEld experimentS to COnstrain Models of atmospheric Pollution and Transport of Emissions», adds a new contribution to the inventory of the main natural hydrocarbons sources likely to participate in the ozone production. The corresponding measurement campaign was conducted in La Barben, a site close to Marseilles (France), with the aim to quantify the terpenic emission pattern and the behaviour of Pinus halepensis, an important Mediterranean species slightly studied.The determination of biogenic emissions from P. halepensis was done by the enclosure of an intact branch in a Teflon cuvette. Main emitted monoterpenes were β trans-ocimene and linalool. The total monoterpenic emission rates thus recorded were found to reach maximum values around 30 μg g_{dry weight}⁻¹ h⁻¹. The normalized emission rates calculated at 30 °C and 1000 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ with Guenther's algorithm was 14.76, 8.65 and 4.05 μg g_{dry weight}⁻¹ h⁻¹, respectively, for the total monoterpenes, β trans-ocimene and linalool.  相似文献   

CO₂浓度与土壤水分胁迫对红松和云杉苗木影响的试验研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

郭建平  高素华  王连敏  王立志 《气象学报》2004,62(4):493-497

全球气候变化对植物影响研究的主要内容是由于大气中CO2 浓度升高导致的气温升高和土壤干旱化对植物的影响。文中利用人工气候室试验研究了高CO2 浓度和土壤水分胁迫对红松和云杉的影响 ,结果表明 :CO2 浓度升高使红松和云杉生长量的增长率提高 ,土壤水分胁迫使树木生长量的增长率下降 ,且CO2 浓度升高的正效应要小于土壤水分胁迫的负效应。CO2 浓度升高使树木叶水势增大 ,土壤水分胁迫使树木叶水势减小 ,这从植物生理的角度说明了CO2 浓度变化和土壤水分胁迫对树木的影响机理 ,且在轻度干旱的情况下 ,高CO2 浓度使树木叶水势增大 ,但随着土壤干旱程度的加重 ,树木的叶水势逐渐减小。同时 ,从实验结果还可以看出 ,虽然大气中CO2 浓度和土壤湿度变化对苗木的影响显著存在 ,但与农作物和牧草等植物相比 ,这种影响仍要小得多。  相似文献   

侵蚀红壤区马尾松人工林恢复过程中凋落物碳氮归还量变化     

张世良  吕茂奎  邓翠  黄俊  黄桥明  熊小玲  姜永孟  谢锦升 《亚热带资源与环境学报》2021,16(1):16-22

以福建省长汀县侵蚀红壤区恢复0、16和34年马尾松人工林为研究对象,采用“时空代换”法,研究侵蚀退化地植被恢复过程中马尾松和林下植被芒萁凋落物年输入量以及碳、氮归还量的变化。通过对不同恢复年限样地为期4年的凋落物观测,结果表明:植被恢复过程中凋落物输入量逐渐增加,不同恢复年限样地马尾松凋落物年输入量平均分别为0.60、2.34、3.33 t·hm-2·a-1,芒萁年输入量则分别为0.32、1.29、1.39 t·hm-2·a-1。植被恢复过程中马尾松凋落叶碳含量没有显著变化,其氮含量显著升高,C/N显著降低,而芒萁碳、氮含量和C/N相对稳定;此外,马尾松凋落物中碳的归还量显著高于芒萁,而芒萁凋落物中氮归还量高于马尾松,且马尾松凋落物C/N高于芒萁,说明芒萁在维持侵蚀退化地氮素供应的作用大于马尾松,且植被恢复能够提高马尾松氮的利用和归还,并且提高马尾松凋落物的质量。因此,增加具有高质量(低C/N)凋落物的林下植被芒萁覆盖,对提升侵蚀退化地土壤有机质水平具有重要的作用,今后在侵蚀退化地生态恢复工作中应着重关注高质量林下植被的恢复。  相似文献   

福建长汀冬季植物树干CO2释放速率日变化特征     

黄玮  朱锦懋  黄儒珠  王健  郑怀舟  盛浩  李机密 《福建地理》2009,(1):38-46

采用红外气体分析法（IRGA）原位测定了长汀重建生态系统2个先锋树种马尾松（Pinusmassoniana）和木荷（Schima superba）冬季树干CO2释放速率（stem CO2 efflux rates,FCO2）,同时测定了气温、空气相对湿度、树干温度及树干液流密度．结果表明：2个树种冬季南面FCO2日变化呈单峰型模式,峰值分别出现在18：00和20：00;北面FCO2日变化呈S型,最高值出现在18：00到2：00之间;但它们的最低值均出现在8：00前后．冬季马尾松FCO2在0．71～1．56μmol·m^-2·s^-1之间,木荷在1．57～2．98μmol·m^-2·s^-1之间,极显著高于马尾松（P〈0．01）．树干温度和树干液流密度是影响长汀重建生态系统冬季马尾松和木荷冬季FCO2的重要因素,FCO2与树干温度显著相关（P〈0．05）,树干南、北面的Q10马尾松分别为1．86和1．57,木荷为1．77和1．82．白天树干液流出现峰值时,马尾松和木荷树干呼吸产生的CO2分别有19．72％-29．12％和20．68％～29．83％溶解于木质部液流中,并被向上运输．因此,通过FCO2估计树干呼吸速率（stem respiration rates,R5）的方法可能低估了长汀重建生态系统冬季马尾松和木荷白天的尺。  相似文献   

A Late Holocene Paleoecological Record from Torrey Pines State Reserve, California     

Kenneth L. Cole  Eugene Wahl 《Quaternary Research》2000,53(3):341

Paleoenvironments of the Torrey Pines State Reserve were reconstructed from a 3600-yr core from Los Peñasquitos Lagoon using fossil pollen, spores, charcoal, chemical stratigraphy, particle size, and magnetic susceptibility. Late Holocene sediments were radiocarbon dated, while the historical sediments were dated using sediment chemistry, fossil pollen, and historical records. At 3600 yr B.P., the estuary was a brackish-water lagoon. By 2800 yr B.P., Poaceae (grass) pollen increased to high levels, suggesting that the rising level of the core site led to its colonization by Spartina foliosa (cord-grass), the lowest-elevation plant type within regional estuaries. An increase in pollen and spores of moisture-dependent species suggests a climate with more available moisture after 2600 yr B.P. This change is similar to that found 280 km to the north at 3250 yr B.P., implying that regional climate changes were time-transgressive from north to south. Increased postsettlement sediment input resulted from nineteenth-century land disturbances caused by grazing and fire. Sedimentation rates increased further in the twentieth century due to closure of the estuarine mouth. The endemic Pinus torreyana (Torrey pine) was present at the site throughout this 3600-yr interval but was less numerous prior to 2100 yr B.P. This history may have contributed to the low genetic diversity of this species.  相似文献   

Effects of phenology and meteorological disturbance on litter rainfall interception for a Pinus elliottii stand in the Southeastern United States   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

John T. Van Stan II  Miriam Coenders‐Gerrits  Michael Dibble  Philine Bogeholz  Zachary Norman 《水文研究》2017,31(21):3719-3728

Litter layers develop across a diverse array of vegetated ecosystems and undergo significant temporal compositional changes due to canopy phenological phases and disturbances. Past research on temporal dynamics of litter interception has focused primarily on litter thickness and leaf fall, yet forest phenophases can change many more litter attributes (e.g., woody debris, bark shedding, and release of reproductive materials). In this study, weekly changes in litter composition over 1 year were used to estimate litter water storage dynamics and model event‐based litter interception. Litter interception substantially reduced throughfall (6–43%), and litter water storage capacity ranged from 1 to 3 mm, peaking when megastrobili release and liana leaf senescence occurred simultaneously during fall 2015. Tropical storm disturbances occurred during the sampling period, allowing evaluation of how meteorological disturbances altered litter interception. High wind speeds and intense rainfall from 2 tropical storms increased litter interception by introducing new woody debris, which, in this study, stored more water than the pre‐existing woody debris. After 2 extreme weather events, a third (Hurricane Hermine) did not increase woody debris (or litter interception), suggesting that the canopy pool of branches susceptible to breakage had been largely depleted. Needle and bark shedding had minor effects on litter interception. Results suggest that the release of reproductive materials and meteorological disturbances appear to be the major compositional drivers of litter interception beyond their obvious contribution to litter thickness.  相似文献   

黄土高原子午岭林区油松林种子雨强度及时空动态特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈智平  张涛  赵万奎  张晓庆  王辉 《中国沙漠》2020,40(3):85-93

通过布设种子收集器（接种框），对黄土高原子午岭林区的油松密林、油松林缘和单株油松（孤立木）的种子雨强度、种子雨历时、种子散播的时空分布特征进行了分析研究。结果表明：（1）油松林内、林缘、孤立木输入地面的种子总量分别为85.5、191.5、178.0粒·m^-2，不同母树类型种子雨强度有明显差异；（2）油松种子降落从10月初开始，11月初结束，种子雨历时约32 d；种子雨在10 d左右达到峰值；（3）林内种子雨强度有较大的空间异质性，种子分布呈聚集分布格局（扩散系数C=33.618）；（4）种子雨过程中不同类型种子的消长趋势及所占比重不同，完整种子在种子雨初期占有优势，未成熟种子在种子雨后期急剧增加，而残缺种子在整个种子雨过程中占的比重变化不大，完整、未成熟和残缺种子累积总量与种子雨强度呈线性相关；（5）林缘和孤立木的种子雨集中在距母树1～3 m的冠幅范围内，这说明油松种子雨扩散以重力传播为主。  相似文献   

Effects of Forest Types and Environmental Factors on Soil Microbial Biomass in a Coastal Sand Dune of Subtropical China     

GAO Wei  LIN Meimei  HUANG Yongrong  HUANG Shide  YE Gongfu  HUANG Zhiqun 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2020,11(5):454-465

Coastal sand dune ecosystems generally have infertile soil with low water-holding capacity and high salinity. However, many plant species have adapted to the harsh sand environment along the southeastern coast of China. Studying the microbial biomass in such an ecosystem can improve our understanding of the roles that microbes play in soil fertility and nutrient cycling. We investigated the differences in soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) contents and their seasonal dynamics in five forest types (a secondary forest and plantations of Casuarinas, Pine, Acacia, and Eucalyptus). The results indicated that the seasonal variations of soil MBC and MBN contents in all five forest stands were higher in spring and winter, but lower in summer and autumn. The MBC content was lower in the Casuarinas plantation than in the other plantations in the same soil layer. However, no significant differences were observed in MBN contents among the different forest types. The MBC and MBN concentrations were positively correlated with soil moisture, but negatively correlated with soil temperature. The MBC and MBN contents also decreased with increasing soil depth. Across all soil layers, secondary forest had the highest MBC and MBN concentrations. Our study also showed that the MBC and MBN contents were positively affected by total soil carbon (TC), pH, and litter N content, but were negatively impacted by soil bulk density and litter C content. Moreover, the MBN content was positively correlated with root N content. In summary, environmental factors and the differences in litter and fine roots, soil nutrient contents, as well as the soil physical and chemical properties caused by different tree species collectively affected the concentrations of the soil MBC and MBN.  相似文献   

Radial Growth and Increased Water-Use Efficiency for Ponderosa Pine Trees in Three Regions in the Western United States     

Peter T. Soulé  Paul A. Knapp 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):379-391

We examined changes in and relationships between radial growth and intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) trees, climate, and atmospheric CO₂ in the western United States since the mid-nineteenth century. We developed tree-ring chronologies for eight sites in three climate regions and used carbon isotope data to calculate pentadal values of iWUE. We examined relationships among radial growth, climate, iWUE, and CO₂ via correlation and regression analyses. Significant upward trends in iWUE occurred at all sites, and despite an absence of climate changes that would favor growth, upward radial growth trends occurred at five sites. Our findings suggest that increased iWUE associated with rising CO₂ can positively impact tree growth rates in the western United States and are thus an evolving component of forest ecosystem processes.  相似文献   

Use of CART analysis to differentiate pollen of red pine (Pinus resinosa) and jack pine (P. banksiana) in New England     

Andrew M. Barton  Andrea M. Nurse  Sarah W. Hardy 《Quaternary Research》2011,75(1):18-23

The identification of fossil pollen at the generic rather than species level is hampering progress in understanding the biogeography and dynamics of paleo-vegetation. We used CART analysis to facilitate the differentiation of fossil pollen of Pinus banksiana and Pinusresinosa, which are morphologically similar and nearly always combined in paleoecological studies. The CART model, using four of the ten morphological traits measured, exhibited a high level of correct identification for pollen of each of the species and shows promise as a tool for increasing the detail of paleoecological records and inferences.  相似文献